Eating behavior in obesity and its correlation with nutritional treatment

Cross-sectional study developed at the institution of cardiology in individuals with obesity. The types of eating behavior were analyzed using the scale The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire – R21 (TFEQ-21) – translated and adapted for Brazilians. Three subscales are addressed: cognitive restriction (CR), emotional eating (EE), and uncontrolled eating (UE). Adherence to nutritional treatment was verified by the instrument developed by the institution, based on the main guidelines for chronic diseases.

Results

We analyzed 100 individuals, with a higher prevalence of females (68%). Regarding adherence, only 25% have good adherence (score > 60%). It was possible to identify the relationship between the BMI and the CR, the higher or lower the BMI was the intensity of the CR (p = 0.02) There was a positive correlation between CR and adherence to fat (p = 0.02) and dietary fiber (p = 0.004). The EE subscale showed a negative correlation with adherence to fat consumption (p = 0.03) and a positive correlation with UE (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The most frequent type of eating behavior in the sample was cognitive restriction and was not correlated with the total adherence score. AE was associated with greater consumption of fats, like national and international studies. There is a gap in studies that relate to eating behavior with adherence to nutritional treatment.

Eating behavior; obesity; patient adherence; hyperphagia; eating disorders

Variáveis	n (%)	Tipos de comportamentos alimentares

		RC (p-valor)	AE (p-valor)	DA (p-valor)
Sexo		0,23	0,89	0,76
Feminino	68 (68%)
Masculino	32 (32%)
Escolaridade		0,71	0,92	0,32
Ensino fundamental	42 (42%)
Ensino médio	48 (48%)
Ensino superior	10 (10%)
Diabetes mellitus	45 (45%)	0,71	0,75	0,37
Hipertensão arterial sistêmica	96 (96%)	0,10	0,37	0,55
Dislipidemia	79 (79%)	0,10	0,20	0,93
Sedentarismo	62 (62%)	0,81	0,28	0,85
Tabagismo		0,16	0,08	0,51
Não tabagista	82 (82%)
Ex-tabagista	18 (18%)
Acompanhamento psicológico	13 (13%)	0,93	0,01*	0,49
Histórico de dietas	71 (71%)	0,74	0,31	0,94
Boa adesão ao tratamento**	25 (25%)	0,89	0,83	0,88
Baixa adesão ao tratamento***	75 (75%)	0,90	0,79	0,91

Variáveis		Tipos de comportamentos alimentares

		RC (p-valor)	AE (p-valor)	DA (p-valor)
Índice de massa corporal (kg/m²)	39,4 ± 5,8	-0,02*	0,72	0,88
Circunferência abdominal (cm)	116,5 ± 12,2	0,95	0,36	0,27
Restrição cognitiva (%)	76,0 ± 21,3	-	0,13	0,89
Alimentação emocional (%)	30,1 ± 32,7	0,13	-	0,00*
Descontrole alimentar (%)	30,9 ± 25,9	0,89	0,00*	-
Meta de peso (%)	36,0 ± 44,2	0,91	0,76	0,21
Meta de circunferência abdominal (%)	42,0 ± 48,5	0,99	0,85	0,91
Meta de atividade física (%)	25,0 ± 37,2	0,20	0,51	0,25
Meta de dieta (%)	58,4 ± 24,9	0,20	0,45	0,12
Meta de açúcar (%)	65,7 ± 28,8	0,26	0,21	0,51
Meta de sódio (%)	78,5 ± 26,2	0,32	0,21	0,58
Meta de gordura (%)	60,7 ± 29,9	0,02*	-0,03*	0,64
Meta de fibra alimentar (%)	36,8 ± 27,4	0,04*	0,15	0,54
Meta de proteína (%)	57,5 ± 22,0	0,13	0,20	0,57
Escore total (%)	50,9 ± 17,0	0,06	0,30	0,48

Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 Fundos, 22295-140 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 21) 3873-5510 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: editora@ipub.ufrj.br

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[1] Address for correspondence: Leonardo Biagio. Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500, Vila Mariana. 040-12909 – São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: leonardo.bbbiagio@gmail.com