| Kreipe and Palomaki, 2012. |
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14/M
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210/F
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Obsessive-compulsive traits not related to food/Father with history of picky eating.
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Choking episode as a trigger.
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Sensory avoidance/Growth failure/Psychosocial damage.
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2BMI: uninformed.
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Aversive concern (fear of choking)/weight loss. BMI: uninformed.
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Picky eater “since birth” (selectivity by smell, color and consistency of foods) and ritualized feeding/food neophobia.
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Uninformed.
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Focused on guided imagery self-relaxation exercises prior to eating wanted foods/nutritional counseling/fluoxetine id.
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Biofeedback exercises to accept food.
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| Bryant-Waugh, 2013. |
13/M |
Anxiety and low self-esteem/picky eater. |
Sensory avoidance/lack of interest in food/nutritional deficiency/growth failure/psychosocial damage. BMI: 16.5 kg/m2; 90% median BMI (17th BMI centile). |
Lazy and picky eater (selectivity by color and taste of food) since early childhood/Food neophobia/delayed feeding when busy (playing on computer). |
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focused in cognitive restructuring (CR), anxiety management (AM), desensitization and unfamiliar food gradual exposure based therapy together with slow breathing and muscle relaxation techniques (BRT) combined with parental involvement/oral nutritional supplements (ONS). |
| Lopes et al., 2014. |
32/M |
Hyperactivity, anxiety and hypochondriacal concerns/choking episode as a trigger of ARFID. |
Aversive concern (fear of choking)/weight loss/psychosocial trauma. BMI: 19,6 kg/m2. |
Uninformed. |
Psychoeducation/CBT focused in CR, AM and desensitization and food gradual exposure based therapy together with BRT/fluvoxamine 50 mg id and ethyl loflazepate 3 mg id. |
| Chandran et al., 2015. |
17/M |
“Very mild autism spectrum disorder”/anxiety/macrocytic anemia secondary to B12 and folate deficiency/subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to ARFID (deficiencies B12), causing difficult mobilization (weakness of the lower limb)/refused to eat, drink, or swallow tablets due to difficulty in mobilization to the bathroom and greenstick fracture of right wrist, 6 weeks prior to admission/mother overprotective. |
Sensory avoidance/nutritional deficiency (vitamin deficiencies A, D, E, K, B12 and folate)/psychosocial damage/aversive concern/weight loss/enteral feeding. Initial BMI: 26,3 kg/m2 Last BMI: 20,7 kg/m2 (Loss of 20 kg in 2 months). |
Picky eater since five years/oral nutritional supplementations until 15year old/restricting fluid intake. |
Hospitalization for clinical stabilization/vitamin replacement/initial nasogastric enteral feeding/combination of routine individual and family inpatient psychotherapy and quetiapine to manage anxiety/therapeutic meal support/slow introduction of a varied oral diet/outpatient rehabilitation with the following teams: endocrine, neurology, haematology, psychology, and the adolescent medical team. |
| Lucarelli et al., 2017. |
4/F |
Autism spectrum disorder/gastroesophageal reflux disease/milk and peanut allergies. |
Sensory avoidance/psychosocial damage/oral supplements. BMI: Uninformed |
First 2 years old: persistent bottle refusal and the acceptance of few pureed foods/from 2 to 4 years old: picky eating/supplement with soy milk. |
CBT focused in systematic desensitization approach with rewards (discounted by parents). |
| Tsai et al., 2017. |
56 / M |
Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome 5 years ago (due bilateral testicular cancer resection surgery, 30 years ago, and subsequent retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes remove surgeries) with pelvic discomfort, constipation and severe ano-rectal pain during defecation as a trigger of ARFID/anxiety and insomnia due pain and abnormal bowel function/several hospitalizations for severe malnourishment and weight loss. |
Aversive concern (fear of painful bowel movements)/interest lack/sensory avoidance (solid foods)/weight loss/nutritional deficiency/psychosocial damage/oral supplements/enteral feeding. Initial BMI: 23.5 kg/m2. Last 5 years BMI: 12,5 kg/m2. |
Reduced appetite resulting from chronic undernourishment at least 5 years. |
Hospitalization for clinical stabilization/oral feedback (by refusal of enteral feeding)/mirtazapine 7.5 mg id/rehospitalization with clinical complications in CTI/orogastric enteral feedings/transfer for psychiatric inpatient care. |
| Thomas et al., 2017. |
11/F |
Chronic constipation/choking incident as aggravation of ARFID. |
Acute food refusal (last 14 days): aversive concern (fear of choking)/weight loss. Chronic presentation: sensory avoidance and interest lack/growth failure/psychosocial damage/oral supplements. BMI: 12.5 kg/m2 (< 1st percentile). Remained BMI < 1st percentile since of 6 years old. |
Highly selective eater since infancy (by food taste or texture or if food were “mixed together” in plate)/frequently required coaxing from complete meals (early satiety). |
Hospitalization for clinical stabilization/mirtazapine/CBT focused in feared foods gradual exposure therapy (fear of choking)/family-based treatment (weight and appetite increased)/repeated exposure promotes acceptance of new foods (food selectivity). |
| Paulette, 2017. |
1.13/F 2.17/F |
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Constipation and nausea episodes as trigger of ARFID/family anxiety.
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Vomiting and abdominal pain episodes as trigger of ARFID/family anxiety.
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Aversive concern (fear of gastrointestinal symptoms) /weight loss. Estimated BMI average %: 65.4%.
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Aversive concern (fear of gastrointestinal symptoms) /weight loss. Estimated BMI average %: 74.4%.
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1 and 2: picky eating in childhood. |
1 and 2: nasoenteric tube feedback/CBT based on positive reinforcement-reward for oral intake and retention food/family therapy. |
