Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the
          literature of the last 10 years

Wiesiolek, Carine Carolina; Foss, Maria Paula; Diniz, Paula Rejane Beserra

doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000033

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Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria

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Sumário

LITERATURE REVIEWS • J. bras. psiquiatr. 63 (3) • Sept 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000033 copy

Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years

Envelhecimento normal e tomada de decisão: uma revisão sistemática da literatura dos 10 últimos anos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective

Conduct a systematic review to investigate whether healthy elderly have deficits in the decision-making process when compared to the young.

Methods

We performed a systematic search on SciELO, Lilacs, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed database with keywords decision making and aging (according to the description of Mesh terms) at least 10 years.

Results

We found nine studies from different countries, who investigated 441 young and 377 elderly. All studies used the IOWA Gambling Task as a way of benchmarking the process of decision making. The analysis showed that 78% of the articles did not have significant differences between groups. However, 100% of the studies that assessed learning did find relevant differences. Furthermore, studies that observed the behavior of individuals in the face of losses and gains, 60% of articles showed that the elderly has more disadvantageous choices throughout the task. Conclusion: The consulted literature showed no consensus on the existence of differences in performance of the decision-making process between old and young, but it is observed that the elderly has deficits in learning and a tendency to fewer advantageous choices.

Decision-making; aging; IOWA Gambling Task

Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 Fundos, 22295-140 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 21) 3873-5510 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: editora@ipub.ufrj.br

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[1] Address for correspondence: Carine Carolina Wiesiolek. Departamento de Fisioterapia,, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária. 50670-90 – Recife, PE, Brazil. E-mail: carinecwi@gmail.com

Reference	Population	Results
MacPherson et al., 2002²⁷	n: 30 young, age: 28.8 ± 6,0	Statistically significant differences have not been found between age groups in the performance of IGT
	n: 30 adults, age: 50.3 ± 5,7
	n: 30 elderly, age 69.9 ± 5,5
Lamar and Resnick, 2004²⁸	n: 23 young, age: 28.4 ± 5,9	Differences have not been found between elderly and young individuals in the performance throughout IGT
	n: 20 elderly, age: 69.1 ± 5,0
Wood et al., 2005²⁹	n: 88 young, age: 22.14 ± 4,47	Elderly and young individuals didn’t presented difference in the performance throughout the task. Both groups presented quick learning of the task
	n: 67 elderly, age: 77.3 ± 4,61
Denburg et al., 2005²⁴	n: 40 young, age between 26 and 55 years	Elderly presented significant difference of performance compared with young individuals showing difficulty to choose advantageous cards
	n: 40 elderly, age between 56 and 85 years
Schneider and Parente, 2006³⁰	n: 42 young, age: 24 ± 4,43	There was no significant difference in performance and learning among groups of elderly and young
	n: 40 elderly, age: 68 ± 5,01
Fein et al., 2007³¹	n: 112 young, age: 37,8 ± 10,8	The elderly group played fewer decisions advantageous when compared to young subjects
	n: 52 elderly, age: 73.7 ± 7,4
Zamarian et al., 2008³²	n = 33 young adults age: 36,1 ± 13,7	Old and young had similar performance but the elderly showed lower performance compared to young people in the choice of advantageous cards, but no significance
	n = 52 elderly age: 69,3 ± 7,0
Bakos et al., 2010³³	n = 36 young adults, age: 29.8 ± 4,63;	There was no difference in performance between young and old in the overall performance
	n = 36 elderly, age: 66.8 ± 5,19
Carvalho et al., 2012³⁴	n: 40 young, age: 25.5 ± 4,7	There was no difference in overall IGT performance between young and old There was significant difference to learning throughout the task between the groups, with only learning in young people
	n: 40 elderly, age: 67.4 ± 5,02