ABSTRACT
Background
An inverse association between circulating vitamin D and adenoma risk has been reported, but less is known about proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic polyps.
Purpose
To investigate circulating 25(OH)D3 and risk factors of proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic and adenoma colorectal polyps.
Methods
From January 2017 to June 2019, consecutive asymptomatic average-risk participants undergoing initial screening colonoscopy. Questionnaires provided information on colorectal polyp risk factors, and plasma samples were assayed for 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D ‒ 25(OH)D3. The colorectal polyps were assessed, and medical history and demographic data were obtained from each patient.
Results
Of the 220 asymptomatic subjects, the prevalence of proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic polyps and adenoma polyps were 16.8%; 18.1% and 22.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that low vitamin D (25(OH)D3 < 18 ng/mL, OR = 3.94; 95% CI: 1.81-9.51) and current/former smoking (OR = 6.85; 95% CI: 2.98-15.70), high body mass index (BMI > 24, OR = 5.32, 95% CI: 2.62-4.71) were independent predictors for proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic colorectal polyps (non-adenoma). Low vitamin D (25(OH)D3 < 18 ng/mL, OR = 7.75; 95% CI: 3.19-18.80) and current/former smoking (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.30-10.81), age over 60 years old (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02-5.57), were independent predictors for adenoma colorectal polyps.
Conclusion
Low vitamin D and smoking are common risk factors for both adenomatous and proximal inflammatory hyperplastic polyps. Old age and BMI are additional risk factors for the development of adenomatous and non-adenomatous colorectal polyps.
Keywords:
Circulating 25(OH)D3; Risk factors; Adenoma; Proximal polyp; Asymptomatic