Effect of Metamaterial Cells Array on a Microstrip Patch Antenna Design

Lima, Adelson M.; Cunha, Nilson Henrique O.; Silva, José P. da

doi:10.1590/2179-10742020v19i3886

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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Article • J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl. 19 (3) • Sept 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742020v19i3886 copy

Effect of Metamaterial Cells Array on a Microstrip Patch Antenna Design

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design was developed to verify the performance of a metamaterial cell array (MTM) Capacitive Loaded Loop (CLL) immersed in the substrate. The metamaterial was obtained from metal laminates designed inside a dielectric material, with dimensions carefully calculated to have the effective negative permittivity and permeability, consequently the negative refractive index, in a certain frequency range. In this case, the geometric control of the unit cell parameters allowed its organization in a periodic arrangement to be immersed in the MPA substrate. Simulated and experimental results were obtained and compared for some parameters of the antenna, which showed a good relationship between MTM and MPA performance.

Index Terms
Antenna design; cell array; metamaterial; substrate

Parameters	Values (mm)	Parameters	Values (mm)
Ground length (Lg)	29.2	Feed line (L₀)	6.5
Ground width (Wg)	41.6	Line width (W₀)	2.7
Patch length (Lp)	10	First slab thickness (t')	1.55
Patch width (Wp)	16	Second slab thickness (t”)	1.55

Parameters			Without MTM	MTM Λ₀ = 4mm	MTM Λ₀ = 5mm	MTM Λ₀ = 6mm
Frequency (GHz)	Simulated		5.80	5.30; 5.96	5.60; 6.08	5.79; 6.02
Frequency (GHz)	Measured		5.77	5.56; 5.75	5.68	5.64
S₁₁ (dB)	Simulated		-20.40	-28.82; -34.07	-23.26; -18.97	-42.11; -13.16
S₁₁ (dB)	Measured		-28.33	-17.07; -26.50	-22.00	-37.00
Bandwidth (MHz)	Simulated		440	240; 370	800	620
Bandwidth (MHz)	Measured		380	460	490	390
Bandwidth (%)	Simulated		7.70	4.50; 6.20	13.80	10.86
Bandwidth (%)	Measured		6.10	8.17	8.54	6.93
Input Impedance (Ω)	Simulated		41.5 + j1	53.5 - j0.5; 49 + j0.5	56.5 + j3.5; 61 + j6	49.5 - j2.5
Input Impedance (Ω)	Measured		56.12 - j4.5	46.15 - j0.02; 37.81 + j1.68	42.36 - j 1.13	49 - j1
VSWR (dB)	Simulated		1.65	1.08; 0.74	1.20	0.30
Gain (dB)	Simulated	Max	6.43	5.20	5.40	5.37
Gain (dB)	Simulated	Min	-32.24	-26.50	-30.68	-33.03
HPBW (dB)	Simulated		90.11	90.30	90.93	89.04
Radiation Efficiency (%)	Simulated		80.45	53.64	67.5	67.27

Reference number	Operating frequency (GHz)	Metamaterial Resonator	Bandwith (%)	Gain (dB)
[⁶[6] M. Ameen and R. K. Chaudhary, “Metamaterial-based circularly polarized antenna employing ENG-TL with enhanced bandwidth for WLAN applications,” Electronics Letters, vol. 54, pp. 1152-1154, 2018.]	5.5	Circularly polarized MTM based on ENG-TL	10.86%	4.17
[⁷[7] M. M. Islam, M. T. Islam, M. Samsuzzaman and M. R. I. Faruque, “Compact metamaterial antenna for UWB applications,” Electronics Letters, vol. 51, pp. 1222-1224, 2015.]	3.07 to 19.91	Two capacitance-loaded strips (CLSs)	146.56%	5.62 to 8.57
[⁹[9] J. L. da Silva, H. D. de Andrade, H. C. C. Fernandes, B. T. Isaac, I. S. Q. Júnior, J. P. P. Pereira and A. S. S. Neto “Microstrip patch antenna project with split ring resonator periodically arrayed on the substrate,” Microw. Opl. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, pp. 2715–2720, 2015.]	5.63; 5.76	Square SRR	5.86%; 4.16%	4.4; 5.22
[¹⁰[10] A. H. Jabire, H. Zheng, A. Abdu and Z. Song, “Characteristic mode analysis and design of wide band MIMO antenna consisting of metamaterial unit cell,” Electronics, vol. 8, pp. 68, 2019.]	5.8	Capacitively loaded loop (CLL)	65.5%	10
[¹¹[11] T. Alam, M. R. I. Faruque and M. T. Islam, “Specific absorption rate reduction of multi-standard mobile antenna with double-negative metamaterial,” Electronics Letters, vol. 51, pp. 970-971, 2015.]	1.8. 2.4	Hexagonal SRR	81.63%; 25.14%	---
[¹²[12] T. Ali, A. W. S. Mohammad, R. C. Biradar, J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “A miniatirized metamaterial slot antenna for wireless applications,” Int. Journal Electron. Commun., vol. 82, pp. 368-382, 2017.]	2.28; 2.65; 4.8; 5.89; 8.73	Rectangular complementary split ring resonator (RCSRR)	7.01%; 5.66%; 9.16%; 5.43%; 5.38%	2.16; 1.91; 2.65; 2.81; 3.01
[¹³[13] P. Dawar, N. S. Raghava and N.S., A. T. L. De, “UWB metamaterial-loaded antenna for C-band applications,” Int. Journal of Ant. and Propag., vol. 82, pp. 368-382, 2017.]	3.19	SRR labyrinth	600%	3.18
[¹⁵[15] A. T. Devapriya and S. Robinson, “Investigation on metamaterial antenna for terahertz applications,” Journal of Microw., Opt. and Electrom. Applic., vol. 18, pp. 377-389, 2019.]	1020	Circular SRR	4.12%	5.75
[¹⁶[16] S. Roy, K. L. Baishnab and U. Chakraborty, “Beam focusing compact wideband antenna loaded with mu-negative metamaterial for wireless LAN application', Progress In Electrom. Research, vol. 83, pp. 33-44, 2018.]	5.2; 5.8	Square SRR	31.37%	4.0
[¹⁹[19] A. A. A. Abdelrehim and H. G. Shiraz, “High performance terahertz antennas based on split ring resonator and thin wire metamaterial structures,” Microw. Opl. Technol. Lett., vol. 58, pp. 382-389, 2016.]	10; 303	Square SRR	---	1.5; 1.1
[²²[22] S. S. Al-Bawri, H. H. goh, M. S. Islam, H. Y. Wong, M. F. Jamlos, A. Narbudowicz, M. Jusoh, T. Sabapathy, R. Khan and M. T. Islam, “Compact ultra-wideband monopole antenna loaded with metamaterial,” Sensors, vol. 20, 2020.]	3.08 to 14.10	Symmetric split ring resonator (SSRR)	128.28%	4.54 to 6.12
[²³[23] A. E. Hidalgo and F. M. Rizo, “Antena de microcinta con estructura híbrida metamaterial para 2.4 GHz,” Revista chilena de ingeniería, vol. 27, pp. 22-23, 2019.]	2.44	Hybrid (SRR and CSRR)	5.8%	1.45
This work	5.3; 5.96	CLL (Λ₀ = 4 mm)	8.17%	5.2
	5.6; 6.08	CLL (Λ₀ = 5 mm)	8.54%	5.4
	5.79; 6.02	CLL (Λ₀ = 6 mm)	6.93%	5.37

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