Parametric study and Analysis of Band Stop Characteristics for a Compact UWB Antenna with Tri-band notches

Ain, Qurratul; Chattoraj, Neela

doi:10.1590/2179-10742018v17i41314

Qurratul Ain

ECE Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India. annie13ahmad@gmail.com, nila.chwdhry@gmail.com

Neela Chattoraj

ECE Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India. annie13ahmad@gmail.com, nila.chwdhry@gmail.com

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Fig. 1
Designed antenna (a) front view, (b) back view

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Fig. 2
Evolution stages in reference antenna design

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Fig. 3
Comparison of simulated S11 curves as reference antenna design is developed.

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Fig. 4
Further evolution steps of slots in the reference antenna design

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Fig. 5
Geometry of the slots A, B and C incorporated on Antennas A, B and C, respectively.

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Fig. 6
Parametric analysis of slot A by varying slot length L_A1 in Antenna A.

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Fig. 7
Parametric analysis of slot B by varying slot length L_B1 in Antenna B.

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Fig. 8
Parametric analysis of slot C by varying slot length L_C1 in Antenna C.

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Fig. 9
Simulated VSWR curves for the single band notched antennas at centre frequencies of 3.5, 5.2 and 5.7 GHz.

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Fig. 10
Fabricated Antenna: (a) Without slots and (b) with slots.

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Fig. 11
Comparison of simulated and measured VSWR curves: (a) VSWR curves of UWB antenna without notching, (b) VSWR curves of the UWB antenna with triple band notching.

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Fig.12
Snapshot of measurement set up.

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Fig. 13
Simulated Radiation patterns of the proposed band notched UWB antenna at 4.5 GHz, 6.5GHz, at 8.5GHz and at 10.5GHz (a) E plane Radiation patterns (b) H plane Radiation patterns

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Fig. 14
Measured Radiation patterns of the proposed band notched UWB antenna at 4.5 GHz, 6.5 GHz, at 8.5 GHz and at 10.5 GHz: (a) E plane Radiation patterns, (b) H plane Radiation patterns, (c) Measured H plane radiation patterns plotted individually at 4.5. 6.5. 8.5. 10.5 GHz.

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Fig. 15
Realized Peak Gain

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Fig. 16
Comparison of bandwidth between UWB systems and other wireless systems [¹⁹19. [19] M. Ghavami, L. B. Michael and R. Kohno, Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems In Communication Engineering, second edition, Wiley, 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-02763-9.].

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Fig. 17
Two main UWB transmission techniques

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Fig. 18
Group delay curves for proposed UWB antenna. (a) without notches (b) With Triple Frequency Notching

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Fig. 19
Surface current distribution for the proposed reference antenna.

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Fig. 20
Surface current distributions at the three notched bands. (a) Slot A (3.5 GHz) (b) Slot B (5.2GHz) (c) Slot C (5.7 GHz).

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Fig. 21
Equivalent circuit for UWB antenna.

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Fig. 22
Impedance curve of Triple band notched antenna.

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Fig. 23
Equivalent Circuit for triple band notched UWB antenna.

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Fig. 11
Comparison of simulated and measured VSWR curves: (a) VSWR curves of UWB antenna without notching, (b) VSWR curves of the UWB antenna with triple band notching.

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Fig.12
Snapshot of measurement set up.

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Fig. 13
Simulated Radiation patterns of the proposed band notched UWB antenna at 4.5 GHz, 6.5GHz, at 8.5GHz and at 10.5GHz (a) E plane Radiation patterns (b) H plane Radiation patterns

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Fig. 14
Measured Radiation patterns of the proposed band notched UWB antenna at 4.5 GHz, 6.5 GHz, at 8.5 GHz and at 10.5 GHz: (a) E plane Radiation patterns, (b) H plane Radiation patterns, (c) Measured H plane radiation patterns plotted individually at 4.5. 6.5. 8.5. 10.5 GHz.

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Fig. 15
Realized Peak Gain

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Fig. 16
Comparison of bandwidth between UWB systems and other wireless systems [¹⁹19. [19] M. Ghavami, L. B. Michael and R. Kohno, Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems In Communication Engineering, second edition, Wiley, 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-02763-9.].

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Fig. 17
Two main UWB transmission techniques

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Fig. 18
Group delay curves for proposed UWB antenna. (a) without notches (b) With Triple Frequency Notching

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Fig. 19
Surface current distribution for the proposed reference antenna.

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Fig. 20
Surface current distributions at the three notched bands. (a) Slot A (3.5 GHz) (b) Slot B (5.2GHz) (c) Slot C (5.7 GHz).

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Fig. 21
Equivalent circuit for UWB antenna.

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Fig. 22
Impedance curve of Triple band notched antenna.

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Fig. 23
Equivalent Circuit for triple band notched UWB antenna.

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Table I
Optimized Dimensions of UWB reference Antenna Structure

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Table II
Optimized Dimensions of slots for implementing frequency notching

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Table III
Interference Bands considered and Notched Frequency Bands achieved for proposed triple band notched UWB antenna

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Table IV
UWB MODULATION SCHEMES

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Table V
Comparison of proposed uwb antenna design with already published papers

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Parameter	Dimension (mm)
L	31
W	24
L1	17.7
L2	0.5
L3	11.5
L4	1.5
W1	10.25
W2	3.5

Dimensions (mm)
Slot A	Slot B	Slot C
L_A1 = 3.1 mm	L_B1= 3 mm	L_C1= 2.3 mm
L_A2 = 5.1 mm	L_B2= 3 mm	L_C2= 2.4 mm
L_A3 = 13.8 mm	L_B3= 8.5 mm	L_C3= 8 mm
T_A1= 0.3 mm	T_B1= 0.3 mm	T_C1= 0.3 mm
T_A2= 0.4 mm T_A3= 0.5 mm	T_B2 = 0.4 mm	T_C2 = 0.4 mm

Applications which cause interference	Names of the single notched band antennas designed with their notched frequencies	Respective Bandwidths considered for notching	Notched bandwidths achieved in the proposed UWB antenna
WiMAX	Antenna A/slot A	3.3 to 3.7 GHz	3.32 – 3.74 GHz
Lower WLAN	Antenna B/slot B	5.15 – 5.35 GHz	5.18 – 5.46 GHz
Higher WLAN	Antenna C/slot C	5.725 – 5.825 GHz	5.72 – 6 GHz

UWB communication types:	IR - UWB	MB-OFDM
TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSMISSION	TH IR-UWB, DS IR-UWB	OFDM
MODULATION SCHEMES	PPM, PAM, PWM, OOK, BPSK.	BPSK, QPSK, PAM, QAM, FSK.
NATURE OF PULSES	Very narrow pulses	PULSES NOT VERY NARROW
COMPLEXITY	SIMPLER CIRCUITRY	MUCH MORE COMPLEX CIRCUITRY
COST	MORE ECONOMICAL	MORE COSTLY

Published Papers	Dimensions: L × W (mm²)	Bandwidth achieved	Area (mm²)	No. of Band rejections obtained	Narrowband Tech. notched
[³3. [3] Jaehoon Choi, Kyungho Chung, and Yangwoon Roh,” Parametric Analysis of A Band Rejection Antenna For UWB Application”, Microwave And Optical Technology Letters / Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 287-290, November 2005.]	26 × 30	2.9 – 12.1 GHz	780	Single notch	4.9 – 6 GHz
[⁴4. [4] H-D Chen, Jui-Ni Li, and Y-F Huang, “Band-Notched Ultra-Wide Band Square Slot Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 48, No. 12, 2427-2429, December 2006.]	63 × 63	3.1 – 10.6 GHz	3969	Single notch	5.1– 6 GHz
[⁵5. [5] Feng-Tao Zha, Shu-Xi Gong, Gang Liu, Hong-Yu Yang, and Shu-Guang Lin,” Compact Slot Antenna For 2.4 GHz/UWB With Dual Band-Notched Characteristic”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 1859 – 1862, August 2009.]	33 × 35.5	2.4 – 11 GHz	1171.50	Dual Notches	5.2 – 5.95 GHz 8.0 – 8.35 GHz
[⁶6. [6] J. Choi, S. Hong, and U. Kim, “ The Design of an UWB Antenna with Notch Characteristic”, PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, No. 7, pp. 987-990, 2007.]	32 × 26	3 – 11 GHz	832	Single notch	5.0 – 5.9 GHz
[⁷7. [7] F-J. Wang, and J-S Zhang, “ Study of A Band-Notched Double Printed Dipole Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 2986 – 2989, November 2008.]	48 × 46	3.1 – 10.6 GHz	2208	Single notch	5.1– 6 GHz
[⁸8. [8] P. Li, L. Ma, and J-S. Li,” A Hexagonal Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Notched Band”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 51, No. 12, pp. 2917-2921, December 2009.]	40 × 36	3.8 – 10.8 GHz	1440	Single notch	5 – 6.1 GHz
[⁹9. [9] L. Xie, G. Zhao, Y.-C. Jiao, and F.-S. Zhang,” Ultra-Wideband Antenna Using Meandered Slots for Dual Band-Notched Characteristic”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 16, pp. 171-180, 2010.]	28 × 36	2.5 – 11 GHz	1008	Dual Notches	3.3– 3.7 GHz 5.12 – 5.37 GHz
[¹⁰10. [10] P. Zhuo, H. Tang, X. Gao, F. Zhao and F. Zhang,“ Investigation on Planar UWB Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics”, iWEM 2012 Proceedings, 978-1-4673-2999-6112/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE.]	35 × 32	2.6 – 12GHz	1120	Triple Notches	3.3 – 3.6 GHz 5.1 – 5.8 GHz 8.0 – 8.4 GHz
[¹¹11. [11] W. T. Li, X. W. Shi and Y. Q. Hei,” Novel Planar UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics “, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lettters, Vol. 8, pp. 1094-1098, 2009.]	36 × 34	2.9 – 13 GHz	1224	Triple Notches	3.3 – 3.9 GHz 5.2 – 5.35 GHz 5.8 – 6.0 GHz
[¹³13. [13] F. Fan, Z. Yan, T. Zhang, and Y. Song,” Ultra-Wideband Planar Monopole Antenna with Dual Stopbands”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 138–141, January 2010.]	37 × 34	3.1–10.6 GHz	1258	Dual notches	3.3 – 3.8 GHz 5.1 – 5.9 GHz
[²⁷27. [27] S. S. Thwin, Design and Optimization of Integrated Bluetooth And UWB Antenna with Dual Band-Notched Functions”, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC), Vol.4, No.4, pp 251-259. July 2012.]	30 × 41	3.04 – 10.8 GHz	1230	Dual notches	3.3 – 4.1 GHz 5 – 5.9 GHz
[²⁸28. [28] H. Xiao-Xiang, D. Hong-Wei, “New band-notched UWB antenna”, J Shanghai Univ., Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 142-145, Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007/s11741-009-0210, P. R. China, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11741-009-0210... ]	31 × 35	3.05 – 10.94 GHz	1085	Single notch	4.96 – 5.98 GHz
[²⁹29. [29] Lee, Young-Ki; Hong, Seok-Jin; Kim, Jeong-Pyo; Choi, Jae-Hoon “ Design of an Antenna with Near Omni-directional H-Plane Radiation Pattern Over Ultra-Wide Bandwidth”. ETRI Journal, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 62-67, February 2010.]	35 × 65	3.0 – 12 GHz	2275	No notches	na
[³⁰30. [30] S. R. Emadian, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, M. Mirmozafari, and J. Pourahmadazar,” Bandwidth Enhancement of CPWFed Circle-Like Slot Antenna with Dual Band-Notched Characteristic”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless propagation Letters, Vol. 11, pp. 543 – 546, 2012.]	26 × 30	2.5 – 25 GHz	780	Dual notches	3 – 3.8 GHz 5.1 – 6.2 GHz
[³¹31. [31] P. Zhuo, H. Tang, X. Gao, F. Zhao and F. Zhang,” Investigation on Planar UWB Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics”, IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition, 13057791, 2012.]	32 × 35	2.6 – 12 GHz	1120	Triple Notches	3.3-3.6 GHz 5.1-5.8 GHz 8.0-8.4 GHz
Proposed Design	31 × 24	3.1 – 14 GHz	744	Triple notches	3.32 – 3.74 GHz 5.18 – 5.46 GHz 5.72 – 6 GHz

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Parametric study and Analysis of Band Stop Characteristics for a Compact UWB Antenna with Tri-band notches

Abstract