A High-Gain Hemispherical Dielectric Lens Antenna Operating Simultaneously in Narrowband or Wideband for X-band Applications

Santos, R. A. dos; Fré, G. L. S.; Spadoti, D. H.

doi:10.1590/2179-10742022v21i4262508

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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Article • J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl. 21 (4) • Oct-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i4262508 copy

A High-Gain Hemispherical Dielectric Lens Antenna Operating Simultaneously in Narrowband or Wideband for X-band Applications

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A hemispherical dielectric lens antenna is proposed to provide beam-steering for communication networks operating in X-band. Two different printed antennas are simultaneously used to guarantee high performance and diversity of applications, one a wideband linear polarized antenna, and the other a narrowband circular polarized antenna. To ensure this, the design relies on adding printed angled feeders correctly positioned in relation to the center of a homogeneous dielectric lens. A prototype was simulated, fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the antenna is capable of operating from 8.0 GHz to 12 GHz (gain of 14.2 dBi) or 9.5 GHz to 10 GHz (gain of 17.52 dBi).

Index Terms
Dielectric lens antenna; circularly-polarized; high gain; ultra-wideband lens antennas

BPA					DPMA
W	L	w_ℓ	L_t	ρ	W	L	x ₀	y ₀
12.9	9.60	4.87	3.20	3.87	9.60	9.60	3.48	3.48

Reference	Type feeders	Lens radius [λ₀]	G₀ [dBi]	Bw (%)
[²³[23] M. Imbert, J. Romeu, M. Baquero-Escudero, M. Martinez-Ingles, J. Molina-Garcia-Pardo and L. Jofre, “Assessment of LTCC-Based Dielectric Flat Lens Antennas and Switched-Beam Arrays for Future 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6453-6473, Dec. 2017.]	One application	5.0	18.00	14.00
[²⁴[24] J. G. Marin and J. Hesselbarth, “Lens Antenna with Planar Focal Surface for Wide-Angle Beam-Steering Application,” in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Early Access, January 2019.]	One application	3.1	16.65	5.94
[²⁵[25] J. M. Monkevich and G. P. Le Sage, "Design and Fabrication of a Custom-Dielectric Fresnel Multi-Zone Plate Lens Antenna Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 61452-61460, 2019.]	One application	6.6	33.30	38.20
[²⁶[26] K. Liu, C. Zhao, S. -W. Qu, Y. Chen, J. Hu and S. Yang, “A 3-D-Printed Multibeam Spherical Lens Antenna With Ultrawide-Angle Coverage,” in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 411-415, March 2021.]	One application	1.4	15.30	6.30
[²⁷[27] G. H. Lee, S. Kumar, H. C. Choi and K. W. Kim, “Wideband High-Gain Double-Sided Dielectric Lens Integrated With a Dual-Bowtie Antenna,” in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 293-297, March 2021.]	One application	1.7	15.10	65.5
[²⁸[28] S. Lei, K. Han, X. Li and G. Wei, “A Design of Broadband 3-D-Printed Circularly Polarized Spherical Luneburg Lens Antenna for X-Band,” in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 528-532, April 2021.]	One application	3.0	18.60	40.00
[²⁹[29] R. Cicchetti, V. Cicchetti, A. Faraone, L. Foged and O. Testa, “A Compact High-Gain Wideband Lens Vivaldi Antenna for Wireless Communications and Through-the-Wall Imaging,” in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3177-3192, June 2021.]	One application	1.8	15.90	160.9
This work	Two applications	3.0	14.20^a a Broadband printed antenna as feeder. 17.52^b b Circularly-Polarized microstrip antenna as feeder.	40.00^a a Broadband printed antenna as feeder. 5.12^b b Circularly-Polarized microstrip antenna as feeder.

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[TFN1] ^a
Broadband printed antenna as feeder.

[TFN2] ^b
Circularly-Polarized microstrip antenna as feeder.