Variations of Compact Rectangular Microstrip Antennas Using Defected Ground Plane Structure

Kadam, Poonam A.; Deshmukh, Amit A.

doi:10.1590/2179-10742022v21i2256950

Poonam A. Kadam

Research Scholar, Electronics and Telecommunication Department, D J Sanghvi College of Engineering, India, poonam.kadam@djsce.ac.in

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-7872

Amit A. Deshmukh

Professor and Head, Electronics and Telecommunication Department, D J Sanghvi College of Engineering, India, amit.deshmukh@djsce.ac.in

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-5758

Thumbnail

Fig. 1
Defected ground RMSA with (a) C-shape and (b) H-shape ground plane

Thumbnail

Fig. 2
Surface current distribution for RMSA backed by C-shape ground using FR4 substrate (a) w_s = 20, x_s = 30, (b) w_s = 30, x_s = 30, (c) w_s = 20, x_s = 15, (d) w_s = 30, x_s = 15

Thumbnail

Fig. 3
Frequency and % error plots for (a) center slot (b) offset slot positions for RMSA backed by C-shape ground plane on FR4 substrate.

Thumbnail

Fig. 4
(a) Radiation pattern (b, c) fabricated prototype, and its (d) return loss plot (S₁₁ plot) for optimum design of MSA backed by H-shape ground plane, for w = 24, current distribution for slot length (e) w_s = 20 (f) w_s = 30

Thumbnail

Fig. 5
(a) RMSA backed by a rectangular slot cut ground plane, its (b) surface current plot for w = 20 mm, (c) RMSA backed by ring shape ground, its (d) current plot for w = 20 mm

Thumbnail

Fig. 6
(a) Structure of RMSA with two rectangular slots on the ground plane (b) surface current plots for the ground plane with slots at w = 20 mm

Thumbnail

Fig. 7
(a) Structure of RMSA backed by H-shape cut ground plane (b) surface current plots for the ground plane with slots at w = 20 mm

Thumbnail

Fig. 8
(a) Radiation pattern and (b) S₁₁ plot (c, d) fabricated prototype of optimum design of MSA backed by dual H-shape ground plane, for w = 16.

Thumbnail

Fig. 9
(a) RMSA backed by W-shape ground plane and its current distribution for w_s = 30mm (b) small d (d = 5mm), (c) intermediate d (d = 15 mm), (d) large d (d = 25 mm)

Thumbnail

Fig. 10
(a) RMSA backed by bowtie-shaped ground plane and its, (b) surface current distribution for w_s = 20 mm

Thumbnail

Fig. 11
(a) Radiation pattern and (b) impedance measurement set up

Thumbnail

Table I
Various antenna parameters for MSA backed by C-shape ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table II
RMSA backed by H-shape ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table III
RMSA backed narrow rectangular slot cut ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table IV
RMSA backed ring shape ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table V
RMSA backed by two rectangular slots cut ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table VI
RMSA backed by dual H-shape ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table VII
RMSA backed by three rectangular slots cut ground plane with d = 15, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table VIII
RMSA backed by bowtie-shaped ground plane, x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table IX
Optimum slot cut MSAs backed by a different slot cut ground plane

Thumbnail

Table X
Comparison among different slot cut MSAs at x_p = 18 mm

Thumbnail

Table XI
Comparison of H-shape and Bowtie-shape DGS designs against reported MSAs

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

w_s (mm)	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in(ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	0.22	-20
14	4	1170, 2.5	48	32, 2.73	0.58	-31
18	8	1130, 5.8	40	30, 2.65	1.24	-32.5
22	12	1070, 10.8	36	25, .33	0.79	-39
26	16	990, 17.5	34	23, 2.32	0.14	-40
30	20	920, 23.3	39	21, 2.28	-0.69	-50
34	24	850, 29	45	20, 2.35	-1.65	-55
38	28	787, 34	58	18, 2.28	-2.74	-46
40	30	755, 37	64	17, 2.25	-3.4	-40
42	32	720, 40	65	14, 1.94	-4.1	-39
46	36	670, 44.16	81	10, 1.49	-5.4	-39.8

w_s (mm)	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in (ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	0.22	-20
14	4	1149, 4.25	36	34, 2.95	1.32	-40
18	8	1072, 10.6	31	25, 2.33	1.26	-53.8
20	10	1028, 14.3	30	21, 2.04	0.93	-42
24	14	933, 22.25	34	22, 2.3	-0.25	-45.2
26	16	888, 26	39	22, 2.47	-1.2	-46
30	20	780, 35	55	19, 2.43	-1.5	-47
34	24	659, 45	81	12, 1.82	-1.52	-50

w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in (ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	-0.01	-20
14	1140, 5	73	24, 2.1	-0.7	-37
18	1102, 8.2	78	22, 1.99	-1.47	-41
22	1046, 12.8	88	17, 1.62	-1.8	-34
26	1020, 15	91	14, 1.37	-1.9	-49

w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in (ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	1200, 0	60	28 2.33	0.18	-20
5x5	1190, 0.8	65.8	27, 2.3	-0.15	-19
10x10	1145, 4.8	72	25, 2.2	-0.6	-24
15x15	1095, 8.75	82	23, 2.1	-0.5	-27
20x20	1032, 14	100	07, 0.7	-0.5	-21

w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in (ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	0.18	-20
12	1140, 5	81	22, 1.93	-0.3	-27
16	1100, 8.3	95	15, 1.36	-0.7	-31

w_s (mm)	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in(ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	0.18	-20
14	4	1127, 6.08	27.8	26, 2.3	1.62	-57
26	16	839, 30	37	21, 2.5	1.1	-51
30	20	730, 39	56	19, 2.6	-1.2	-45

w_s (mm)	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in(ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	0.18	-20
10	5	1160, 3.3	58	27.4, 2.36	0.5	-33
15	10	1084, 9.6	56	25, 2.3	-0.08	-50
20	15	985, 18	71	22, 2.25	-1.12	-39
25	20	873, 27.25	83	16.6, 1.9	-2	-55

w_s (mm)	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	Z_in (ohm)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
0	0	1200, 0	60	28, 2.33	0.18	-20
14	4	1140, 5	32	48, 4.2	1.9	-57
18	8	1080, 10	28	47, 4.35	1.64	-51.7
22	12	1019, 15	29	44, 4.31	1.25	-51.5
24	14	990, 17.5	30	44, 4.44	1.01	-56
26	16	949, 21	34	28, 2.95	0.6	-56.2
30	20	878, 27	47	30, 3.41	0.65	-51

Ground plane profile	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	BW, % BW (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)
C-shape ground plane	24	850, 29.2	22, 2.58	-1.65	-55
H- shape ground plane	24	659, 45	13, 1.9	-1.52	-52
Rectangular cut on ground	26	1020, 15	21, 2.05	-1.9	-43
Ring shape ground plane	15	1095, 8.75	23, 2.1	-0.6	-24
Dual rectangular slot	16	1100, 8.3	19, 1.72	-0.7	-31
Dual H- shape ground plane	16	839, 30	21, 2.5	1.1	-53
Three rectangular slots	20	875, 27	18, 2	-2.2	-51
Bowtie-shaped ground plane plane	16	949, 21	42, 4.42	1.0	-56

MSA variations	w (mm)	Slot on the patch		Slot on the ground plane
MSA variations	w (mm)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	XP (dB)	f_r, %Δf (MHz, %)	XP (dB)
C-Shape	24	875, 27	-31.2	850, 29.2	-55
H-Shape	24	695, 42	-34	659, 45	-50
Rectangular slot cut	26	1018, 15.1	-33.8	1020, 15	-43
Ring Shape	15	1095, 8.75	-15.6	1095, 8.75	-24
Dual Rectangular slot cut	16	1102, 8.1	-22	1100, 8.3	-31
Dual H-shape	16	884, 26.3	-30.7	839, 30	-51
Three rect. slot cut	20	796, 33	-32	873, 27	-55
Bowtie-shape	16	1014, 15	-31.6	949, 21	-56

MSA shown in	f_c (MHz)	% Δ freq	BW, % (MHz, %)	Gain (dBi)	XP (dB)	h/λ_g	A/λ_g
Fig. 1(b)	659	45%	13, 1.9	-1.52	-52	0.007	1.64
Fig. 9(a)	949	21%	42, 4.42	1.0	-56	0.009	2.19
[¹¹[11] S. Radavaram and M. Pour, “Wideband Radiation Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Loaded with Two Inverted U-Slots”, IEEE Transactions On Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, pp. 1501-1508, 2019.]	3000	–	2040, 68	9.6	< −34	0.02	2.3
[¹²[12] H. Elftouh, N. Touhami, M. Aghoutane, S. Amrani, A. Tazon and M. Boussouis, “Miniaturized microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure”, Progress in Electromagnetic Research, vol. 55, pp. 25-33, 2014.]	3000	50%	–	2.1	–	0.03	0.323
[¹⁶[16] U. Chakraborty, S. K. Chowdhury and A. K. Bhattacharjee, “Frequency tuning and miniaturization of square microstrip antenna embedded with ‘t’ shape defected ground structure”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 55, pp. 869-872, 2013.]	1800	77%	81, 4.5	0.43	–	0.02	0.5
[¹⁷[17] K. Mondal and P. Sarkar, “High gain wide-band U-shape patch antennas with modified ground planes”, IEEE transactions of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, pp. 2279-2282, 2013.] Circular ground plane	7900	–	6850, 86.79	4.1	–	0.06	0.163
[¹⁷[17] K. Mondal and P. Sarkar, “High gain wide-band U-shape patch antennas with modified ground planes”, IEEE transactions of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, pp. 2279-2282, 2013.] Square ground plane	7900	–	5999, 75.94	2.39	–	0.06	0.163
[¹⁸[18] S. Baudha and M. V. Yadav, “A novel design of a planar antenna with modified patch and defective ground plane for ultra-wideband applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 61, pp. 1320-1327, 2019.]	6950	3.4%	7700, 110	5.1	-20	0.077	0.25
[¹⁹[19] A. U. Pawar, S. Chakraborty, L. L. Singh and S. Chattopadhyay, “Application of defected ground structure for augmenting high gain ultra-wide bandwidth from rectangular microstrip antenna”, Electromagnetics, vol. 38, pp. 123-133, 2018.]	12200	–	7100, 58	9.2	-30	0.097	0.47
[²⁵[25] C. Kumar and D. Guha, “Reduction in Cross-Polarized Radiation of Microstrip Patches using Geometry Independent resonant-type defected ground structure”, IEEE transactions of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, pp. 2767-2772, 2015.] Square	10100	–	710, 7	6.2	-40	0.08	0.36
[²⁵[25] C. Kumar and D. Guha, “Reduction in Cross-Polarized Radiation of Microstrip Patches using Geometry Independent resonant-type defected ground structure”, IEEE transactions of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, pp. 2767-2772, 2015.] circular	10100	–	660	6.1	-40	0.08	0.4
[²⁶[26] C. Kumar and D. Guha, “Asymmetric geometry of defected ground structure for rectangular microstrip: A new approach to reduce its cross-polarized fields”, IEEE transactions of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 64, pp. 2503-2506, 2016.]	10000	0.5%	1000, 10	–	-43	0.08	0.29
[²⁷[27] A. Ghosh, S. Chakraborty, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Nandi and B. Basu, “Rectangular microstrip antenna with dumbbell shape defected ground structure for improved cross-polarized radiation in wide elevation angle and its theoretical analysis”, IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 10, pp. 68-78, 2016.]	10680	0.3%	–	5.1	-41	0.08	0.279
[²⁸[28] C. Kumar and D. Guha, “Asymmetric and compact DGS configuration for circular patch with improved radiations”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, pp. 355-357, 2020.]	10000	–	800	–	-46	0.08	0.4

Brasil

Brasil

Variations of Compact Rectangular Microstrip Antennas Using Defected Ground Plane Structure

Abstract