Highly birefringent do-octagonal photonic crystal fibers with ultra flattened zero dispersion for supercontinuum generation

Fig. 10
Density plot of spectral and temporal profiles Fig. 10 (a) and Spectral profile and temporal profile Fig. 10 (b) of supercontinuum generation of a 15 cm long silica PCF at peak power of 1kW with pulses of 50 fs duration.

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Fig. 11
Density plot of spectral and temporal profiles Fig. 11 (a) and Spectral profile and temporal profile Fig. 11 (b) of supercontinuum generation of a 15cm long silica PCF at peak power of 2kW with pulses of 50fs duration.

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Fig. 12
Density plot of spectral and temporal profiles Fig. 12 (a) and Spectral profile and temporal profile Fig. 12 (b) of supercontinuum generation of a 15 cm long silica PCF at peak power of 5 kW with pulses of 50 fs duration.

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Fig. 13
Density plot of spectral and temporal profiles Fig. 13 (a) and Spectral profile and temporal profile Fig. 13 (b) of supercontinuum generation of a 15 cm long silica PCF at peak power of 10kW with pulses of 50 fs duration

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Table I
Description of simulated pcf structures

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Table II
Comparison of obtained results with previously reported PCF structures at 1.33 μm wavelength.

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PCF Structures	Descriptions
Silica_Air	This structure has six rings of holes of circular dimension filled with air. At centre it has smaller circular holes arranged in rhombic fashion filled with air. Smaller circular holes have diameter of d2=0.2˄, where ˄=1μm. External six rings have air holes of diameter d1=0.6˄.
Silica_Butanol	This structure has six rings of holes of circular dimension filled with air. At centre it has smaller circular holes arranged in rhombic fashion filled with butanol. Smaller circular holes have diameter of d2=0.2˄, where ˄=1μm. External six rings have air holes of diameter d1=0.6˄.
Silica_Ethanol	This structure has six rings of holes of circular dimension filled with air. At centre it has smaller circular holes arranged in rhombic fashion filled with ethanol. Smaller circular holes have diameter of d2=0.2˄, where ˄=1μm. External six rings have air holes of diameter d1=0.6˄..
Silica_Methanol	This structure has six rings of holes of circular dimension filled with air. At centre it has smaller circular holes arranged in rhombic fashion filled with methanol. Smaller circular holes have diameter of d2=0.2˄, where ˄=1μm. External six rings have air holes of diameter d1=0.6˄.
Silica_Propanol	This structure has six rings of holes of circular dimension filled with air. At centre it has smaller circular holes arranged in rhombic fashion filled with propanol. Smaller circular holes have diameter of d2=0.2˄, where ˄=1μm. External six rings have air holes of diameter d1=0.6˄.

References	Birefringence	Confinement loss in dB/Km	Dispersion in ps/nm-km	Effective mode area in (Micrometer²)	Nonlinear coefficient in W^{– 1}Km^-1
Ferhat et al. [⁶¹61 M. L. Ferhat, L. Cherbi, I. Haddouche, “Supercontinnum generation in silica photonic crystal fiber at 1.3μm and 1.65μm wavelength for optical coherence tomography”, Optik, vol. 152, pp. 106-115, 2018.]	--	--	30	4.3	50
Sharma et al. [⁶²62 M. sharma, S. Konar, R. K. khan,"Supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear hexagonal photonic crystal fiber at very low power", Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 9, pp.1-8, 2015.]	--	--	50	0.7	300
Kirishna et al. [⁶³63 G. D. Kirishna, G. Prasanan, S. K. Sudheer, V. P. M. Pillai, “Analysis of zero dispersion shift and supercontinuum generation near IR in circular photonic crystal fibers”, Optik, vol. 145, pp. 599-607, 2017.]	--	--	100	4.3	50
Ademgil et al. [⁶⁴64 H. Ademgil, S. Haxha, "PCF based sensor with high sensitivity high birefringence and low confinement losses for liquid analyte sensing applications", Sensors, vol. 15, issue 12, pp. 31833-31842, 2015.]	0.0019	2.1*10^-2	--	--	--
Ademgil et al. [⁶⁵65 H. Ademgil, S. Haxha, "Highly birefringent nonlinear PCF for optical sensing of analytes in aqueous solutions", Optik, vol. 127, issue 16, pp. 6653-6660, 2016.]	0.00061	2.01*10^-1	--	--	--
Arif et al. [⁶⁶66 Md. F. H. Arif, Md. J. H. Biddut, "Enhancement of relative sensitivity of photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence and low confinement loss", Optik, vol. 131, pp. 697-704, 2017.]	0.002825	2.07*10^-6	--	--	--
[Present Work]	0.14	3.2*10¹⁴	Zero	10.5	3430

\frac{\partial}{\partial Z} A (Z, T) = \frac{- α (ω)}{2} A (Z, T) + \sum_{n \geq 2} β_{n} \frac{i^{n + 1}}{n!} \frac{\partial^{n}}{\partial t^{n}} A (Z, T) + i γ (1 + \frac{i}{ω_{0}} \frac{\partial}{\partial T}) {\int_{- \infty}^{\infty} R (T') | A (Z, T - T') |}^{2} d T'

\begin{array}{l} β_{2} = 2.253 p s^{2} / k m, β_{3} = - 1.401 * \times 10^{- 2} p s^{3} / k m, β_{4} = 4.010 * 10^{- 5} p s^{4} / k m \\ β_{5} = - 9.419 \times 10^{- 11} p s^{5} / k m, β_{6} = 1.956 \times 10^{- 14} p s^{6} / k m, β_{7} = - 3.019 \times 10^{- 16} p s^{7} / k m, \\ β_{8} = 8.440 \times 10^{- 19} p s^{8} / k m, β_{9} = - 2.386 \times 10^{- 21} p s^{9} / k m, β_{10} = 1.186 \times 10^{- 24} p s^{10} / k m . \end{array}

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Highly birefringent do-octagonal photonic crystal fibers with ultra flattened zero dispersion for supercontinuum generation

Abstract