Andrade et al.1414. Andrade RM, Figueira Júnior AJ, Metz V, Amadio AC, Serrão JC. Interpretation of propulsive force in tethered swimming through principal component analysis. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2018;24(3):178-181. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182403175155 https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-86922018240...
|
N = 16 (18.6 ± 1.3 years) |
Indirect strength tests, load cell and 10' swim test |
Males |
National |
No |
Impulse generation during the front crawl stroke |
Souza, Gomes, Loss1515. Souza C, Gomes LE, Loss JF. Características da curva de força propulsiva durante palmateio em nada amarrado com tubo elástico e com cabo de aço. R Bras Ciên Mov 2018;26(4):27-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18511/RBCM.V26I4.7119 https://doi.org/10.18511/RBCM.V26I4.7119...
|
N = 10 (21.3 ± 6 years) |
Load cells, vídeo |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Propulsive strength while tied |
Candeia et al.1616. Candeia A., dos Santos H.H., Moreira L, Carvalho LC, Felipe A, Viktor C, de Almeida, JJ. A natação aumenta a amplitude de movimento e a força dos músculos rotadores mediais do ombro sem alterar o espaço subacromial. Fisioter Bras 2017;18(5):571-579. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v18i5.1556 https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v18i5.1556...
|
N = 52 (14.0 ± 1.7 years) |
Portable dynamometer (DD-300, Instrutherm) |
Males and females |
National |
No |
Medial and lateral shoulder rotation strength |
Correia et al.1717. Correia RA, Prado A, Teixeira C, Franken M. Relação entre força isométrica de extensão de joelhos e quadris e o desempenho na virada do nado livre. Rev Bras Ciên Mov 2017;25(2):13-22. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v25i2.6577 https://doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v25i2.6577...
|
N = 9 (23.11 ± 4.2 years) |
Strength transductor, videogametry |
Males |
College |
No |
Knee extension strength and turn performance |
Meliscki et al.1818. Meliscki GA, Monteiro LZ, Furumoto MA, Lopes GHR, Carneseca EC, Vasconcelos EE. Alteração da força dos rotadores do ombro em jovens nadadores de elite. Fisioter Mov 2017;30(1):11-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.001.ao01 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.00...
|
N = 15 (20 ± 2 years) |
Isometric dynamometer Globus Ergo System® |
Males |
Elite/national |
No |
Internal and external shoulder rotator muscle |
Pires et al.1919. Pires GP, Pires KC, Figueira Junior AJ. Efeitos de 14 semanas de treinamento de força com periodização linear e ondulatória diária nas variáveis cinemáticas de jovens atletas de natação competitiva. Rev Bras Ciênc Esp 2017;39(3):291-298. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2017.02.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2017.02.0...
|
N = 17 (15.18 ± 2.31 years) |
Stroke frequency, length, average speed and index |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
Yes 14 weeks |
Positive effect of strength training with linear (long-distance) and non-linear (short-distance) periodization |
Fortes et al.2020. Fortes LS, Moraes EM, Teixeira ALS, Dias I, Simão R. Influência do ciclo menstrual na força muscular e percepção subjetiva do esforço em atletas de natação que utilizam contraceptivos. Rev Bras Ciên Mov 2015;23(3):81-87. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v23i3.5168 https://doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v23i3.5168...
|
N = 10 (18.7 ± 1.6 years) |
10-MR test (Leg press 45º, front lat pulldowns, squats and bench press) |
Females |
National |
No |
Strength in different phases of the menstrual cycle |
Secchi, Brech, Greve2121. Secchi LLB, Brech GC, Greve JMD. Isokinetic dynamometry on the internal rotator and adductor muscles of the swimmers ’ shoulders: no differences between asymmetrical and symmetrical swimming strokes. MedicalExpress2015;2(2):1-5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.02.02 https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2...
|
N = 81 (17 to 33 years)* |
Isokinetic dynamometer Biodex® |
Males and females |
Competitive, non-competitive and sedentary |
No |
Internal and external shoulder rotator muscle |
Pereira et al.2222. Pereira GS, Schutz GR, Ruschel C, Roesler H, Pereira SM. Propulsive force symmetry generated during butterfly swimming. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015;17(6):704-12. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n6p704 https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v1...
|
N = 14 (18.4 ± 4.9 years) |
Pressure sensors of the Aquanex system |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Symmetry of Upper limbs’ strength during the butterfly style |
Batalha et al.2323. Batalha NMP, Raimundo AMM, Tomas-Carus P, Fernandes OJSM, Marinho DA, Silva AJRM. Perfil de força isocinetica dos rotadores dos ombros em jovens nadadores. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum2012;14(5):545-53. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n5p545 https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2012v1...
|
N = 60 swimmers (14.55 ± 0.5 years) N = 60 non-swimmers (14.62 ± 0.49 years) |
Isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 |
Males |
Competitive and non-competitive |
No |
Internal and external shoulder rotator muscle |
Barbosa et al.2424. Barbosa AC, Andrade RM, Moreira A, Serrão JC, Andries Júnior O. Reprodutibilidade da curva força-tempo do estilo “Crawl” em protocolo de curta duração. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp 2012;26(1):37-45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-55092012000100005 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-5509201200...
|
N = 16 (20.4 ± 4.0 years) |
Load cell "Strain Gage" |
Males |
National |
No |
Biomechanical parameters of the strength-time curve |
Detanico et al.2525. Detanico D, Heidorn SI, Schutz GR, Santos SG. Aspectos cinemáticos e neuromusculares relacionados com o desempenho da saída do bloco na natação. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp 2011;25(4):559-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-55092011000400002 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-5509201100...
|
N = 10 (26.4 ± 6.6 years) |
Camera (30Hz) and "Squat Jump" Kistler® |
Males |
State |
No |
Angles during diving and variables associated to vertical jump |
Silveira et al.2626. Silveira GA, Araujo LG, Freitas EDS, Schütz GR, Souza TG, Pereira SM, et al. Proposta de padronização para a distância de análise do desempenho da virada no nado crawl. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum2011;13(3):177-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n3p177 https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2011v1...
|
N = 11 (16 ± 3 years) |
Strength plataform (peak strength and contact duration) |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Standardization for the turn distance analysis of performance in swimming |
Bocalini et al.2727. Bocalini D, Rica RL, Triviño RN, Serra AJ. Efeitos do treinamento de força específico do desempenho de nadadores velocistas treinados com parachute. Rev Bras Ciên do Esp 2010;32(1):217-27. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-32892010000400015 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-3289201000...
|
N = 20 (24 ± 2 years) |
Explosive strength of lower-body muscles, speed, strength and timing of swimming |
Males |
Federate athletes |
Yes 12 weeks |
Positive effects of parachute training over muscle strength and 50m test |
Castro et al.2828. Castro FAS, Oliveira TS Moré FC, Mota CB. Relações entre desempenho em 200m nado crawl e variáveis cinéticas do teste de nado estacionário. Rev Bras Ciên do Esp 2010;31(3):161-76. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-32892010000300011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-3289201000...
|
N = 12 (18.3 ± 2.9 years) |
Load cell, chronometer |
- |
National |
No |
Relate the 200m freestyle performance with stationary swimming kinetic variables |
Secchi et al.2929. Secchi LLB, Muratt MD, Andrade NVS, Greve JMD. Dinamometria isocinética de tronco em nadadores de diferentes estilos. Acta Ortop Bras 2010;18(5):295-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-78522010000500010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-7852201000...
|
N = 14 (symmetric 21.3±5.5 years; asymmetric 20.5±3 years) |
Isokinetic dynamometer Cybex 6000 |
- |
Elite |
No |
Trunk traction strength |
Pessôa Filho3030. Pessôa Filho DM. Parâmetros mecânicos e metabólicos do desempenho em intensidade supra-máxima no nado crawl. Motriz Rev Educ Fís2007;13(3):188-202. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5016/773 https://doi.org/10.5016/773...
|
N = 11 (15.45 ± 1.75 years) |
Video |
- |
Not disclosed |
No |
Mechanical and metabolic parameters of performance in max-intensity freestyle swimming |
Barbosa, Moraes, Andries Jr.3131. Barbosa A, Moraes RC, Andries Júnior O. Efeito do treinamento de força na relação força muscular-desempenho aeróbio de nadadores competitivos. Rev Bras Cieantropom Desempenho Hum 2007;9(4):380-5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/%25x https://doi.org/10.1590/%25x...
|
N = 16 (21.93 ± 2.17 years) |
Indirect strength tests and 10' swim test |
- |
Not disclosed |
Yes 12 weeks |
Null effect of strength training outside the pool over swimming performance |
Barbosa, Andries Jr.3232. Barbosa AC, Andries Júnior O. Efeito do treinamento de força no desempenho da natação. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp2006;20(2):141-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-55092006000200007 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-5509200600...
|
N = 16 (21.93 ± 2.17 years) |
Tests: 25m & 50 m; and 1-MR and 70% of 1-MR in 30" |
Males |
College |
Yes 10 weeks |
Null effect of strength training outside the pool over swimming performance |
Schneider, Henkin, Meyer3333. Schneider P, Henkin S, Meyer F. Força muscular de rotadores externos e internos de membro superior em nadadores púberes masculinos e femininos. Rev Bras Ciências Mov 2006;14(1):29-36. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v14i1.675 https://doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v14i1.675...
|
N = 26 (13.0 ± 0.8 years) |
Isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Norm) |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Analyze isokinetic concentric strength of external and internal shoulder rotators |
Papoti et al.3434. Papoti M, Zagatto AM, Freitas PB, Cunha SA, Martins LEB, Gobatto CA. Utilização do intercepto-y na avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia e predição da performance de nadadores treinados. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2005;11(2):126-130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922005000200006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-8692200500...
|
N = 14 (15 to 18 years)* |
Y-intercept and tests in the pool |
Males and females |
State and national |
No |
Y-intercept use in anaerobic capacity testing and performance prediction |
Schneider, Meyer3535. Schneider P, Meyer F. Avaliação antropométrica e da força muscular em nadadores pré-púberes e púberes. Rev Bras Med Esp2005;11(4):209-213. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922005000400001 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-8692200500...
|
N = 48 (9 to 13 years)* |
Isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Norm) |
Males and females |
Competitive |
No |
Anthropometry and isokinetic assessment of knee extension and elbow flexion |
Marinho, Andries Jr.3636. Marinho PC, Andries Júnior O. Mensuração da força isométrica e sua relação com a velocidade máxima de jovens nadadores com diferentes níveis de performance. Rev Bras Ciên Mov 2004;12(1):71-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v12i1.545 https://doi.org/10.18511/rbcm.v12i1.545...
|
N = 19 (14.5 ± 1.12 years) |
Strength dynamometer for forearm and 25m maximum tests |
Males |
National |
No |
Relationship between isometric strength and maximum speed swimming performance |