Whitaker et al., 20063030 Whitaker RC, Orzol SM, Kahn RS. Maternal mental health, substance use, and domestic violence in the year after delivery and subsequent behavior problems in children at age 3 years. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:551-60.
(United States) |
1998-2000 |
Cohort |
Children: 3 years |
Questions about physical violence at any time during pregnancy |
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs during pregnancy, maternal mental health, child's birth weight |
1.A* 2.A* 3.B* 4.A* |
5.A* 5.B* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.A* |
|
|
|
Mothers: >18 years |
1 year after delivery |
|
|
|
|
|
McFarlane et al., 20142929 McFarlane J, Maddoux J, Cesario S, Koci A, Liu F, Gilroy H, et al. Effect of abuse during pregnancy on maternal and child safety and functioning for 24 months after delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:839-47.
(United States) |
Period not mentioned. Recruitment of women and children: 13 months Cohort duration: 7 years |
Cohort |
Children: 18 months-13 years |
Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS) |
CBCL |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, maternal mental health. Compared women with reports during pregnancy and out-of-pregnancy reports |
2.A* 3.B* 4.A* |
5.A* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.A* |
|
|
|
Mothers: 19-37 years |
At every 4 months up to 24 months |
|
|
|
|
|
Flach et al., 201133 Flach C, Leese M, Heron J, Feder G, Evans J, Sharp D, et al. Antenatal domestic violence, maternal mental health and subsequent child behavior: a cohort study. BJOG. 2011;118:1383-91.
(United Kingdom) |
Start: 1991-1992 Data collection: 42 months after the start |
Cohort |
Children: 42 months |
Questions about psychological and physical violence |
Revised Rutter Scale |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, Use of alcohol and tobacco in pregnancy, postnatal violence, maternal mental health, child's birth weight |
1.A* 2.A* 3.B* 4.A* |
5.A* 5.B* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.B* |
|
|
|
Mothers: 29 years (mean) |
18 weeks of gestation |
|
|
|
|
|
Martinez-Torteya et al., 20152828 Martinez-Torteya C, Bogat GA, Levendosky AA, von Eye A. The influence of prenatal intimate partner violence exposure on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Dev Psychopathol. 2015;:1-18.
(United States) |
Start: 1999-2000 Data collection: from 1 year until 10 years after the start |
Cohort |
Children: 10 years |
Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) e SVAWS |
CBCL |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, maternal life events, mental health, postnatal violence, cortisol in the child's saliva |
1.B* 2.A* 3.B* 4.A* |
5.A* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.B* |
|
|
|
Mothers: 26.8 years (mean) |
Interview in the last trimester of pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
|
Zou et al., 20151616 Zou S, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y. Correlation of maternal abuse during pregnancy with infant temperament and development. Arch Dis Child. 2015;100:938-43.
(China) |
2006-2007 |
Cohort |
Children: 10 months |
Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) |
Bayley scale |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, Gestational age, Unplanned pregnancy, Previous abortion, Plasma levels of Glu, GABA, and cortisol |
1.B* 2.A* 3.B* 4.A* |
5.A* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.B* |
|
|
|
Mothers: 27 years (mean) |
During hospitalization for childbirth |
|
|
|
|
|
Levendosky et al., 20062020 Levendosky AA, Leahy KL, Bogat GA, Davidson WS, von Eye A. Domestic violence, maternal parenting, maternal mental health, and infant externalizing behavior. J Fam Psychol. 2006;20:544-52.
(United States) |
Start: 1999-2000 Data collection: 1 year after the start |
Cohort |
Children: 1 year |
SVAWS |
Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, maternal mental health social support, parental style, postnatal violence |
1.B* 2.A* 3.B* 4.A* |
5.A* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.B* |
|
|
|
Mothers: 26.8 years (mean) |
Interview in the last trimester of pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
|
Tan and Gregor, 200655 Tan JC, Gregor KV. Violence against pregnant women in Northwestern Ontario. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1087:320-38.
(Canada) |
Period not mentioned |
Case-control |
Children: 3-16 years |
Variation of the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) |
Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long Form (CPRS-R:L) |
The children were matched by age and gender and no report of physical or sexual violence or witnessing violence in the family. Mothers were matched by age, geographic region, violence during pregnancy, and no physical or sexual violence after the child was 3 years old. Marital status, ethnicity, use of alcohol, or illicit drugs during pregnancy |
2.A* 3.A* 4.A* |
5.A* 5.B* |
6.B* 7.A* 8.A* |
|
|
|
Mothers: Cases: 33.6 years Controls: 35.5 years |
Every pregnancy trimester |
|
|
|
|
|