Balte et al., 2017 Germany2626 Balte PP, Kuhr J, Kruse H, Karmaus WJJ. Body burden of dichlor-odiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and childhood pulmonary function. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:1376.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between DDE exposure and lung function |
344 children |
DDE vs FVC Estimate 0.006; SE 0.02; p = 0.71
DDE vs FEV1 Estimate 0.004 SE 0.02; p = 0.81
|
Benka-Coker et al., 2019 United States of America1111 Benka-Coker WO, Loftus C, Karr C, Magzamen S. Characterizing the joint effects of pesticide exposure and criteria ambient air pollutants on pediatric asthma morbidity in an agricultural community. Environ Epidemiol. 2019;3:e046.
|
Cohort |
Assess exposure to pesticides and asthma exacerbation using Leukotriene E4 in urine |
16 children (139 urine samples) |
DAPs vs urinary LTE4 β: 4.1[0.6-7.6] pg/mg |
Benka-Coker et al., 2020 United States of America1212 Benka-Coker W, Loftus C, Karr C, Magzamen S. Association of organophosphate pesticide exposure and a marker of asthma morbidity in an agricultural community. J Agromedicine. 2020;25:106–14.
|
Cohort |
Assess exposure to pesticides and asthma exacerbation using Leukotriene E4 in urine |
16 children (139 urine samples) |
βEDE: 8.7 (2.8, 14.6); CI=95%
βEDM: 1.1 (0.5, 1.7)
βEDAP: 4.1 (0.7, 7.5)
|
Bukalasa et al., 2018 Netherlands3131 Bukalasa JS, Brunekreef B, Brouwer M, Koppelman GH, Wijga AH, Huss A, et al. Associations of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides with asthma prevalence in adolescence: the PIAMA birth cohort. Environ Int. 2018;121:435–42.
|
Cross-sectional |
Assess exposure to pesticides and prevalence of asthma and related symptoms at 14 years old |
1470 adolescents |
Distance from pesticide treated fields vs asthma (CI=95%)
100m OR = 0.31 (0.07, 1.32)
500m OR = 0.95 (0.57, 1.57)
1000m OR = 0.86 (0.52, 1.40)
|
Duramad et al., 2006 United States of America1313 Duramad P, Harley K, LipsettM, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Holland NT, et al. Early environmental exposures and intracellular Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in 24-month-old children living in an agricultural area. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114:1916–22.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between organophosphate exposure and Th1 and Th2 cells |
239 2-year-old children |
Th2 level in children living with farmers 0.8% (0.7-0.9%) CI 95%
Th2 level in children who do not live with farmers 0.6% (0.5-0.7%)
CI 95% p 0.02
Th2 vs eczema CI 95%
0.7% (0.6-1.0%)
Th2 vs asthma CI 95%; p < 0.05
1.0% (0.7-1.2%)
|
Gascon et al., 2014 Spain2828 Gascon M, Sunyer J, Martínez D, Guerra S, Lavi I, Torrent M, Vrijheid M. Persistent organic pollutants and children's respiratory health: the role of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers. Environ Int. 2014;69:133–40.
|
Cohort |
Assess prenatal effect of DDE, HCB, and PCB on the respiratory health of children from birth to 14 years old and assess the role of immune biomarkers |
405 (275 with blood samples at 4 years old) |
DDE vs asthma CI 95%
10 years old RR=1.03 (0.71, 1.50)
14 years old RR=0.89 (0.61, 1.31)
HCB vs asthma CI 95%
10 years old RR=1.21 (0.67, 2.18)
14 years old RR=1.08 (0.61, 1.90)
SPCBs vs asthma CI 95%
10 years old RR=0.94 (0.82, 1.08)
14 years old RR=0.93 (0.82, 1.06)
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Gharibi et al., 2020a United States of America1515 Gharibi H, Entwistle MR, Schweizer D, Tavallali P, Cisneros R. The association between 1,3-dichloropropene and asthma emergency department visits in California, USA from 2005 to 2011: a bidirectional-symmetric case crossover study. J Asthma. 2020;57:601–9.
|
Cross-sectional |
Assess the impact of exposure to MBr (methyl bromide) in emergency asthma care |
4262 emergency visits of children and adolescents between 2 and 18 years old |
2-5 years OR = 1.024 (0.997, 1.052), CI 95%
6-18 years OR = 1.071 (1.016, 1.125), CI 95%
|
Gharibi et al., 2020b United States of America1616 Gharibi H, Entwistle MR, Schweizer D, Tavallali P, Thao C, Cisneros R. Methyl-bromide and asthma emergency department visits in California, USA from 2005 to 2011. J Asthma. 2020;57:1227–36.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between 1,3-dichloropropene exposure and asthma emergency care in Southern California |
1331 2 to 18 years-old children and adolescents |
Association between 1,3D and asthma emergency visits CI 95%
2-5 years OR = 1.065 (1.020, 1.113)
6-18 years OR = 1.142 (1.086, 1.196)
|
Gunier et al., 2018 United States of America1717 Gunier RB, Raanan R, Castorina R, Holland NT, Harley KG, Balmes JR, et al. Residential proximity to agricultural fumigant use and respiratory health in 7-year old children. Environ Res. 2018;164:93–9.
|
Cohort |
Assess pre- and postnatal exposure to pesticides and lung function and respiratory symptoms in 7-year-old children |
294 children |
Prenatal exposure vs respiratory symptoms at 7 years old CI 95%
Methyl Bromide OR = 1.1 (0.8, 1.6); p = 0.55
Chloropicrin OR = 1.1 (0.8, 1.4); p = 0.66
Metam sodium OR = 1.0 (0.8, 1.3); p = 0.88
1,3-DCP OR = 1.1 (0.8, 1.4); p = 0.58
Postnatal exposure vs respiratory symptoms at 7 years old CI 95%
Methyl bromide OR = 1.0 (0.6, 1.6); p = 0.93
Chloropicrin OR = 1.0 (0.6, 1.5); p = 0.87
Metam sodium OR = 0.9 (0.6, 1.4); p = 0.72
1,3-DCP OR = 1.2 (0.6, 2.4); p = 0.64
Prenatal exposure vs asthma medication at 7 years old CI 95%
Methyl bromide OR = 1.0 (0.6, 1.8); p = 0.87
Chloropicrin OR = 1.0 (0.6, 1.5); p = 0.94
Metam sodium OR = 1.2 (0.8, 1.8); p = 0.35
1,3-DCP OR = 1.3 (0.9, 2.0); p = 0.17
Postnatal exposure vs asthma medication at 7 years old CI 95%
Methyl bromide OR = 0.8 (0.4, 1.7); p = 0.63
Chloropicrin OR = 0.9 (0.5, 1.6); p = 0.61
Metam sodium OR = 1.3 (0.7, 2.7); p = 0.41
1,3-DCP OR = 1.3 (0.4, 3.6); p = 0.66
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Hallit et al., 2017 Lebanon2525 Hallit S, Raherison C, Waked M, Salameh P. Association between caregiver exposure to toxics during pregnancy and childhoodonset asthma: a case-control study. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;16:488–500.
|
Case-control |
Assess exposure to pesticides and respiratory symptoms (asthma) |
1503 children and adolescents |
OR = 3.307 (1.848, 5.918), p < 0.001 (live in area treated with pesticides)
OR = 0.5 (0.337, 0.744), p = 0.001 (live with someone who works with pesticides)
|
Karmaus et al., 2001 Germany2727 Karmaus W, Kuehr J, Kruse H. Infections and atopic disorders in childhood and organochlorine exposure. Arch Environ Health. 2001;56:485–92.
|
Cross-sectional |
Assess the association between exposure to organochlorine pesticides and infections and allergic diseases |
343 children (340 IgE) |
Asthma (CI 95%)
DDE ≥ 0.3 pg/l vs. < 0.3 pg/l
OR = 3.71 (1.10, 12.56)
DDE < 0.3 p g / h
HCB > 0.2 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.2 pg/l
OR= 1.21 (0.11, 13.82)
DDE ≥ 0.3 pg/k
HCB > 0.2 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.2 pg/l
OR = 0.53 (0.13, 2.1 6)
DDE < 0.3 pg/l
CPCB > 0.48 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.48 pg/1 §
no valid estimation
DDE ≥ 0.3 pg/k
ZPCB > 0.48 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.48 pg/l§
OR = 0.56 (0.13, 2.52)
IgE ≥ 200kU/l (CI=95%)
DDE ≥ 0.3 pg/l vs. < 0.3 pg/l
OR = 2.28 (1.20, 4.31)
DDE < 0.3 p g / h
HCB > 0.2 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.2 pg/l
OR = 0.91 (0.30, 2.73)
DDE ≥ 0.3 pg/k
HCB > 0.2 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.2 pg/l
OR = 0.49 (0.19, 1.23)
DDE < 0.3 pg/l
CPCB > 0.48 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.48 pg/1 §
OR= 1.08 (0.35, 3.31)
DDE ≥ 0.3 pg/k
ZPCB > 0.48 pg/l vs. ≤ 0.48 pg/l§
OR = 0.82 (0.32, 2.08)
|
Lu et al., 2018 Romania3333 Lu Y, Lin S, Lawrence WR, Lin Z, Gurzau E, Csobod E, et al. Evidence from SINPHONIE project: Impact of home environmental exposures on respiratory health among school-age children in Romania. Sci Total Environ. 2018;621:75–84.
|
Cross-sectional |
Assess domestic exposure to environmental pollutants and the impact on respiratory health of school-age children |
280 children |
Proximity of pesticide sprayed crops vs asthma symptoms CI 95%, p < 0.05
Single-pollutant model OR = 1.11 (0.51, 2.29)
Multi-pollutant model OR = 3.53 (1.27, 10.29)
Multi-pollutant model controlled to CO2 OR = 4.17 (1.43, 13.26)
|
Masley et al., 2000 Canada2222 Masley ML, Semchuk KM, Senthilselvan A, McDuffie HH, Hanke P, Dosman JA, et al. Health and environment of rural families: results of a community canvass survey in the prairie ecosystem study (PECOS). J Agric Saf Health. 2000;6:103–15.
|
Cross-sectional |
Describe the health and local conditions of a rural area in Canada |
393 children and adolescents |
Asthma in children from non-agricultural families vs agricultural families OR = 2.2 (0.8, 5.7); p = 0.12; CI 95%
Bronchitis in children from non-farm vs agricultural families OR = 2.8 (1.6, 4.8); p < 0.001; CI 95%
|
Meng et al., 2016 China2323 Meng G, Feng Y, Nie Z, Wu X, Wei H, Wu S, et al. Internal exposure levels of typical POPs and their associations with childhood asthma in Shanghai, China. Environ Res. 2016;146:125–35.
|
Case-control |
Compare the serum concentration of certain pesticides in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children |
Children 3-6 years
124 cases
109 controls
|
Asthma CI 95%
p,p'-DDE
OR = 1.02 (1.01, 1.03); p = 0.0004
p,p'-DDD
OR = 1.01 (0.99, 1.03); p = 0.62
o,p'-DDT
OR = 0.99 (0.97, 1.01); p = 0.17
p,p'-DDT
OR = 1.01 (0.99, 1.03); p = 0.23
HCB
OR = 1.02 (1.01, 1.04); p = 0.01
α-HCH
OR = 1.06 (1.02, 1.10); p = 0.001
β-HCH
OR = 1.01 (1.00, 1.01); p = 0.02
γ-HCH
OR = 1.02 (1.00, 1.05); p = 0.04
Heptachlor
OR = 1.06 (1.02, 1.11); p = 0.003
Total OCPs
OR = 1.00 (1.00, 1.00); p = 0.002
Severe asthma CI 95%
HCB OR = 1.01 (0.99, 1.03); p = 0.06
α-HCH OR = 1.01 (0.99, 1.02); p = 0.23
β-HCH OR = 1.00 (0.99, 1.00); p = 0.34
γ-HCH OR = 1.01 (0.97, 1.04); p = 0.78
Heptachlor OR = 1.04(0.99, 1.09); p = 0.11
p,p'-DDE OR = 1.00 (1.00, 1.00); p = 0.25
p,p'-DDD OR = 0.97 (0.95, 0.99); p = 0.01
o,p'-DDT OR = 0.97 (0.96, 0.99); p = 0.01
p,p'-DDTOR = 0.98 (0.95, 1.02); p = 0.36
Total OCPs OR = 1.00 (0.99, 1.002); p = 0.89
|
Perla et al., 2015 United States of America1414 Perla ME, Rue T, Cheadle A, Krieger J, Karr CJ. Biomarkers of insecticide exposure and asthma in children: a national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2008 analysis. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2015;70:309–22.
|
Cohort |
Association between urine pesticide biomarkers, blood DDE and asthma |
1484 children 6-11 years-old
1239 children 12-15 years-old
|
DDE blood vs asthma (940 adolescents 12-15 years-old) CI 95%
Ever Asthma
<40th percentile RR=1.00 Referent
40th-80th percentile RR+0.63 (0.35, 1.14)
>80th percentile RR=0.81 (0.33, 2.00)
Current Asthma
<40th percentile RR=1.00 Referent
40th-80th percentile RR=0.47 (0.21, 1.05) **
>80th percentile RR=0.78 (0.24, 2.55)
**025 < p ≤ .10. Marginally statistically significant
DAP urine vs asthma (1484 children 6-11 years-old) CI 95%
Ever Asthma
<25th percentile RR=1.00 Referent
25th–50th percentile RR=1.19 (0.65, 2.18))
50th–75th percentile RR=1.71 (0.97, 2.99)
>75th percentile RR=1.16 (0.62, 2.17)
Current Asthma
<25th percentile RR=1.00
25th–50th percentile RR=1.49 (0.72, 3.06)
50th–75th percentile RR=1.89 (1.01, 3.53)
>75th percentile RR=1.42 (0.64, 3.16)
DAP urine vs asthma (1293 adolescents 12-13 years-old) CI 95%
Ever Asthma
<25th percentile 1.00 Referent
25th-50th percentile 1.14 (0.69,1.90)
50th–75th percentile 1.44 (1.01, 2.06)**
>75th percentile 1.20 (0.66, 2.20)
**0.025 < p ≤ 0.10. Marginally statistically significant
Current Asthma
<25th percentile 1.00 Referent
25th-50th percentile 1.04 (0.54, 1.99)
50th-75th percentile 1.33 (0.74, 2.40)
>75th percentile 1.12 (0.59, 2.12)
|
Raanan et al., 2015 United States of America1818 Raanan R, Harley KG, Balmes JR, Bradman A, Lipsett M, Eskenazi B. Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123:179–85.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between early exposure to organophosphate pesticides and respiratory symptoms |
Between 270 to 331 depending on the analysis |
Total DAP pregnant urine vs symptoms at 5 or 7 years old OR = 1.28 (0.77, 2.13); CI 95%; p = 0.34
Total DAP in children vs symptoms at 5 and 7 years old OR = 2.53 (1.32, 4.86); CI 95%; p = 0.005
|
Raanan et al., 2017 United States of America1919 Raanan R, Gunier RB, Balmes JR, Beltran AJ, Harley KG, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Elemental sulfur use and associations with pediatric lung function and respiratory symptoms in an agricultural community (California, USA). Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125:087007.
|
Cohort |
Association between sulfur exposure, respiratory symptoms and lung function in children living in an agricultural community |
237 7-year-old children |
Sulfur exposure before 1 year vs respiratory symptoms at 7 years by different distances CI 95%
0.5Km OR = 1.71 (1.14, 2.57); p = 0.009
1Km OR = 2.09 (1.27, 3.46); p = 0.004
3Km OR = 0.96 (0.40, 2.26); p = 0.92
Sulfur exposure before 1 year vs use of asthma medication at
7 years by different distances CI 95%
0.5km OR = 2.23 (1.19, 4.21); p = 0.01
1Km OR = 3.51 (1.50, 8.23); p = 0.004
3Km OR = 2.10 (0.39, 11.30); p = 0.39
|
Raherison et al., 2019 France3232 Raherison C, Baldi I, Pouquet M, Berteaud E, Moesch C, Bouvier G, et al. Pesticides exposure by air in vineyard rural area and respiratory health in children: a pilot study. Environ Res. 2019;169:189–95.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between exposure to airborne pesticides and asthma and rhinitis |
281 children (96 children with analyzed urine samples in both phases and complete questionnaire) |
Exposure to pesticides in air vs symptom score CI 95%
Asthma OR = 3.93 (0.40, 38.44); p = 0.2398
Rhinitis OR = 0.27 (0.03, 2.35); p = 0.2362
ETU urinary concentration vs symptoms score CI 95%
Asthma OR = 2.01 (0.54, 7.52); p = 0.2936
Rhinitis OR = 2.83 (0.75, 10.75); p = 0.1262
|
Salam et al., 2004 United States of America2020 Salam MT, Li YF, Langholz B, Gilliland FD. Children's Health Study. Early-life environmental risk factors for asthma: findings from the children's health study. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112:760-5.
|
Case-control |
Assess risk factors for early life asthma |
338 cases 570 controls |
Pesticide vs asthma
OR = 1.61 (0.93, 2.79); CI 95%
Pesticide vs persistent asthma in the first year of life OR 3.58 (1.59-8.06); CI 95%
Pesticide vs asthma in the first year of life OR = 2.39 (1.17, 4.89); CI 95%
|
Salameh et al., 2003 Lebanon2424 Salameh PR, Baldi I, Brochard P, Raherison C, Abi Saleh B, Salamon R. Respiratory symptoms in children and exposure to pesticides. EurRespir J. 2003;22:507–12.
|
Cross-sectional |
Assess the association between exposure to pesticides and chronic respiratory diseases in children and adolescents |
407 children with diagnosed chronic respiratory disease 2016 children without respiratory symptoms |
Asthma OR 1.73 (1.02, 2.97)
CI 95%; p < 0.01
|
Smit et al., 20153434 Smit LA, Lenters V, Høyer BB, Lindh CH, Pedersen HS, Liermontova I, et al. Prenatal exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and asthma and eczema in school-age children. Allergy. 2015;70:653–60. Greenland and Ukraine |
Cohort |
Explore the association between prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and asthma and eczema |
Children 5-9 years old (1024 pairs motherchild, 492 from Ukraine and 532 from Greenland) |
Prenatal exposure to organochlorines vs association between respiratory symptoms and eczema (CI 95%)
Ever asthma
OR = 0.96 (0.77, 1.20)
Ever eczema
OR = 0.89 (0.72, 1.10)
Current eczema
OR = 1.01 (0.80, 1.27)
|
Sunyer et al., 2005 Spain2929 Sunyer J, Torrent M, Muñoz-Ortiz L, Ribas-Fitó N, Carrizo D, Grimalt J, et al. Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and asthma in children. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:1787–90.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between levels of DDE and other organochlorines in cord blood and atopy and asthma in early childhood |
468 children |
Cord blood DDE vs wheezing at 4 years old CI 95%
(DDE at each concentration fold)
All RR=1.32 (1.13, 1.54)
Non-atopic RR=1.30 (1.05, 1.62)
DDE by quartiles
All
< 0.57 RR=1
0.57-1.03 RR=1.00 (0.41, 2.43)
1.03-1.90 RR=1.62 (0.70, 3.74)
<1.90 RR=2.36 (1.19, 4.69)
Non-atopic
< 0.57 RR=1
0.57-1.03 RR=1.32 (0.37, 4.70)
1.03-1.90 RR=2.63 (0.96, 7.20)
<1.90 RR=2.49 (1.00, 6.19)
|
Sunyer et al., 2006 Spain3030 Sunyer J, Torrent M, Garcia-Esteban R, Ribas-Fitó N, Carrizo D, Romieu I, etal. Early exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethy-lene, breastfeeding and asthma at age six. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36:1236–41.
|
Cohort |
Assess the association between exposure to DDE and asthma at age 6 years |
462 children |
DDE at birth vs asthma at 6 years OR = 1.18 (1.01, 1.39); CI 95% |
Weselak et al., 2007 Canada2121 Weselak M, Arbuckle TE, Wigle DT, Krewski D. In utero pesticide exposure and childhood morbidity. Environ Res. 2007;103:79–86.
|
Cohort |
To assess the association between parental exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and asthma, bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis in children |
3405 children |
CI 95%
Any pesticide vs asthma OR = 1.00 (0.71, 1.40)
Fungicide × asthma OR = 1.25 (0.74, 2.12)
Insecticide × asthma OR = 1.06 (0.73, 1.54)
Herbicide × asthma OR = 0.84 (0.55, 1.30)
Other pesticides vs asthma OR = 0.55 (0.23, 1.31)
Any pesticide vs allergic rhinitis OR = 1.58 (1.19, 2.08)
Fungicide vs allergic rhinitis OR = 1.69 (1.15, 2.47)
Insecticide vs allergic rhinitis OR = 1.48 (1.07, 2.03)
Herbicide vs allergic rhinitis OR = 1.56 (1.15, 2.11)
Other pesticides vs allergic rhinitis OR = 1.25 (0.68, 2.31)
|