Abdel-Haq et al. 202177 Abdel-Haq N, Asmar BI, Deza Leon MP, McGrath EJ, Arora HS, Cashen K, et al. SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: clinical manifestations and the role of infliximab treatment. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:1581–91.
|
USA |
Observational |
33 |
6 (0.3-17) |
15 |
Abdel-Mannan et al. 202088 Abdel-Mannan O, Eyre M, Löbel U, Bamford A, Eltze C, Hameed B, et al. Neurologic and radiographic findings associated with COVID-19 infection in children. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77: 1440–5.
|
UK |
Case series |
4 |
12 (8-15) |
2 |
Acharrya et al. 202099 Acharyya BC, Acharyya S, Das D. Novel Coronavirus mimicking Kawasaki disease in an infant. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57:753–4.
|
India |
Case report |
1 |
0.3 |
1 |
Alkan et al. 20211010 Alkan G, Sert A, Oz SK, Emiroglu M, Yilmaz R. Clinical features and outcome of MIS-C patients: an experience from Central Anatolia. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40:4179–89.
|
Turkey |
Observational |
36 |
7.8 (1.7-17) |
19 |
Bahrami et al. 20201111 Bahrami A, Vafapour M, Moazzami B, Rezaei N. Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID-19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: First case from Iran. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021;57:922–5.
|
Iran |
Case report |
1 |
5 |
0 |
Balasubramanian et al. 20201212 Balasubramanian S, Nagendran TM, Ramachandran B, Ramanan AV. Hyper-inflammatory syndrome in a child with COVID-19 treated successfully with intravenous Immunoglobulin and Tocilizumab. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57:681–3.
|
India |
Case report |
1 |
8 |
1 |
Bapst et al. 20201313 Bapst T, Romano F, Muller M, Rohr M. Special dermatological presentation of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19: erythema multiforme. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13:e236986.
|
Switzerland |
Case report |
1 |
13 |
1 |
Bektaş et al. 20211414 Bektaş G, Nihal A, Kübra B, Esra Ş. Reversible splenial lesion syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in two children. Brain Dev. 2021;43:230–3.
|
Turkey |
Case report |
2 |
10.5 |
1 |
Belhadjer et al. 20201515 Belhadjer Z, Meot M, Bajolle F, Khraiche D, Legendre A, Abakka S, et al. Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Circulation. 2020;142:429–36.
|
France/Switzerland |
Observational |
35 |
10 (2–16) |
18 |
Belot et al. 20201616 Belot A, Antona D, Renolleau S, Javouhey E, Hentgen V, Angoulvant F, et al. SARS-CoV-2-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, an epidemiological study, France 1 March to 17 May 2020 Euro Surveill. 2020;25:2001010.
|
France |
Observational |
108 |
8 (5–11) |
53 |
Blondiaux et al. 20201717 Blondiaux E, Parisot P, Redheuil A, Tzaroukian L, Levy Y, Sileo C, et al. Cardiac MRI in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. Radiology. 2020;297:e283–8.
|
France |
Case series |
4 |
9 (6–12) |
1 |
Blumfield et al. 20211818 Blumfield E, Levin TL, Kurian J, Lee EY, Liszewski MC. Imaging findings in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021;216:507–17.
|
USA |
Observational |
16 |
10 (1-20) |
10 |
Buonsenso et al. 20201919 Buonsenso D, Di Sante G, Sali M, Group CC-S. Cytokine profile in an adolescent with pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally related to COVID-19. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e213–5.
|
Italy |
Case report |
1 |
11 |
0 |
Capone et al. 20202020 Capone CA, Subramony A, Sweberg T, Schneider J, Shah S, Rubin L, et al. Characteristics, cardiac involvement, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome of childhood associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J Pediatr. 2020;224:141–5.
|
USA |
Observational |
33 |
8.6 (5.5–12.6) |
20 |
Carter et al. 20202121 Carter MJ, Fish M, Jennings A, Doores KJ, Wellman P, Seow J, et al. Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2020;26:1701–17.
|
UK |
Observational |
25 |
12,5 (7.7-14.4) |
15 |
Cattalini et al. 20212222 Cattalini M, Della Paolera S, Zunica F, Bracaglia C, Giangreco M, Verdoni L, et al. Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Pediatric Society. Defining Kawasaki disease and pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy: results from a national, multicenter survey. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2021;19:e29.
|
Italy |
Observational |
53 |
7 (4.5-11) |
31 |
Cheung et al. 20202323 Cheung EW, Zachariah P, Gorelik M, Boneparth A, Kernie SG, Orange JS, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 in previously healthy children and adolescents in New York city. JAMA. 2020;324:294–6.
|
USA |
Observational |
17 |
8 (1.8–16) |
8 |
Chiotos et al. 20202424 Chiotos K, Bassiri H, Behrens EM, Blatz AM, Chang J, Diorio C, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: a case series. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9:393–8.
|
USA |
Case series |
6 |
7.5(5–14) |
1 |
Cogan et al. 20202525 Cogan E, Foulon P, Cappeliez O, Dolle N, Vanfraechem G. De Backer D. multisystem inflammatory syndrome with complete Kawasaki disease features associated with SARS-CoV- 2 infection in a young adult. A case report. Front Med. 2020;7:428.
|
Belgium |
Case report |
1 |
19 |
0 |
Dallan et al. 20202626 Dallan C, Romano F, Siebert J, Politi S, Lacroix L, Sahyoun C. Septic shock presentation in adolescents with COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:e21–3.
|
Switzerland |
Case series |
3 |
11 (10-12) |
2 |
Dasgupta and Finch 20202727 Dasgupta K, Finch SE. A case of pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 in South Dakota. S D Med. 2020;73:246–51.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
8 |
0 |
Davies et al. 20202828 Davies P, Evans C, Kanthimathinathan HK, Lillie J, Brierley J, Waters G, et al. Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:669–77.
|
UK |
Observational |
78 |
11 (8-14) |
52 |
De Paulis et al. 20202929 De Paulis M, Oliveira DB, Vieira RP, Pinto IC, Machado RR, Cavalcanti MP, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 with neurologic manifestations in a child: a brief report. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e321–4.
|
Brazil |
Case report |
1 |
4 |
0 |
Deza Leon et al. 20203030 Deza Leon MP, Redzepi A, McGrath E, Abdel-Haq N, Shawaqfeh A, Sethuraman U, et al. COVID-19-associated pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9:407–8.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
6 |
0 |
Dhanalakshmi et al. 20203131 Dhanalakshmi K, Venkataraman A, Balasubramanian S, Madhusudan M, Amperayani S, Putilibai S, et al. Epidemiological and clinical profile of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57:1010–4.
|
India |
Case series |
19 |
6 (1-16) |
8 |
Dionne et al. 20203232 Dionne A, Mah DY, Son MBF, Lee PY, Henderson L, Baker AL, et al. atrioventricular block in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Pediatrics. 2020: e146.
|
USA |
Observational |
25 |
9.5 (2.7 – 15) |
15 |
Diorio et al. 20203333 Diorio C, Henrickson SE, Vella LA, McNerney KO, Chase J, Burudpakdee C, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19 are distinct presentations of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:5967–75.
|
USA |
Case series |
6 |
6 (5-7) |
2 |
Dolhnikoff et al. 20203434 Dolhnikoff M, Ferreira Ferranti J, de Almeida Monteiro RA, Duarte-Neto AN, Soares Gomes-Gouvea M, Viu Degaspare N, et al. SARS-CoV-2 in cardiac tissue of a child with COVID- 19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:790–4.
|
Brazil |
Case report |
1 |
11 |
0 |
Dolinger et al. 20203535 Dolinger MT, Person H, Smith R, Jarchin L, Pittman N, Dubinsky MC, et al. Pediatric crohn disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 treated with infliximab. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;71:153–5.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
14 |
1 |
Domico et al. 20203636 Domico M, McCanta AC, Hunt JL, Ashouri N, Nugent D, Kelly RB. High-grade heart block requiring transvenous pacing associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2020;6:811–4.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
11 |
1 |
Dufort et al. 20203737 Dufort EM, Koumans EH, Chow EJ, Rosenthal EM, Muse A, Rowlands J, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:347–58.
|
USA |
Observational |
99 |
(0–20) |
53 |
Farias et al. 20203838 Farias EC, Piva JP, de Mello M, do Nascimento L, Costa CC, Machado MM, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus disease in children: a multi-centered study in Belem, Para, Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39: e374–6.
|
Brazil |
Case series |
11 |
4.9 (0.7-11) |
9 |
Farias et al. 20203939 Farias EC, Justino MC, Ferraz ML, Mello MF. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a child associated with coronavirus disease 19 in the Brazilian Amazon: fatal outcome in an infant. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020;38:e2020165.
|
Brazil |
Case report |
1 |
0.7 |
0 |
Feldstein et al. 20204040 Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM, Collins JP, Newhams MM, Son MB, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:334–46.
|
USA |
Observational |
186 |
8.3 (3.3–12.5) |
115 |
Flood et al. 20214141 Flood J, Shingleton J, Bennett E, Walker B, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Oligbu G, et al. Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): prospective, national surveillance, United Kingdom and Ireland, 2020. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;3:e100075.
|
UK and Ireland |
Observational |
268 |
8.2 (4-12.1) |
161 |
Giannattasio et al. 20214242 Giannattasio A, Maglione M, Zenzeri L, Mauro A, Di Mita O, Iodice RM, Tipo V. A child with a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome following an asymptomatic COVID-19 infection: A novel management for a new disease? J Med Virol. 2021;93:112–4.
|
Italy |
Case report |
1 |
9 |
1 |
Godfred-Cato et al. 20204343 Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, Oster ME, Conklin L, Abrams J, et al. COVID-19- Associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - United States, March-July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:1074–80.
|
USA |
Observational |
570 |
8 (4-12) |
316 |
Greene et al. 20204444 Greene AG, Saleh M, Roseman E, Sinert R. Toxic shock-like syndrome and COVID-19: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:2492:e5-2492. e6.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
11 |
0 |
Grimaud et al. 20204545 Grimaud M, Starck J, Levy M, Marais C, Chareyre J, Khraiche D, et al. Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10:69.
|
France |
Observational |
20 |
10 (2.9–15) |
10 |
Gruber et al. 20204646 Gruber CN, Patel RS, Trachtman R, Lepow L, Amanat F, Krammer F, et al. Mapping systemic inflammation and antibody responses in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Cell. 2020;183:982–95. e14.
|
USA |
Case series |
8 |
11.5 (3-20) |
4 |
Gupta et al. 20204747 Gupta N, Richter R, Robert S, Kong M. Viral sepsis in children. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:252.
|
India |
Case report |
1 |
7 |
0 |
Hameed et al. 20204848 Hameed S, Elbaaly H, Reid CE, Santos RM, Shivamurthy V, Wong J, et al. Spectrum of imaging findings on chest radiographs, US, CT, and MRI images in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. Radiology. 2020: e202543.
|
UK |
Observational |
35 |
11 |
27 |
Heidemann et al. 20204949 Heidemann SM, Tilford B, Bauerfeld C, Martin A, Garcia RU, Yagiela L, et al. three cases of pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2. Am J Case Repor. 2020;21:e925779.
|
USA |
Case series |
3 |
6 (5-7) |
2 |
Hutchison et al. 20205050 Hutchison L, Plichta AM, Lerea Y, Madora M, Ushay HM. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in an adolescent boy with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Psychosomatics. 2020;61:739–44.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
14 |
1 |
Jain et al. 20205151 Jain S, Sen S, Lakshmivenkateshiah S, Bobhate P, Venkatesh S, Udani S, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 in Mumbai, India. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57:1015–9.
|
India |
Observational |
23 |
7.2 (0.8-14) |
11 |
Joshi et al. 20205252 Joshi K, Kaplan D, Bakar A, Jennings JF, Hayes DA, Mahajan S, et al. Cardiac dysfunction and shock in pediatric patients with COVID-19. JACCCase Rep. 2020;2:1267–70.
|
USA |
Case series |
3 |
10.6 (6-13) |
2 |
Kashyap et al. 20215353 Kashyap H, Kumar RN, Gautam S, Gupta A, Gupta S, Tiwari PK. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 infection. Indian J Pediatr. 2021;88:e1053.
|
India |
Observational |
12 |
6.5 |
9 |
Kaushik et al. 20205454 Kaushik S, Aydin SI, Derespina KR, Bansal PB, Kowalsky S, Trachtman R, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection (MIS-C): a multi-institutional study from New York city. J Pediatr. 2020;224:24–9.
|
USA |
Observational |
33 |
10 (6-13) |
20 |
Kest et al. 20205555 Kest H, Kaushik A, DeBruin W, Colletti M, Goldberg D. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Case Rep Pediatr. 2020;2020:8875987.
|
USA |
Case series |
3 |
8 (6-10) |
1 |
Khesrani et al. 20205656 Khesrani LS, Chana K, Sadar FZ, Dahdouh A, Ladjadj Y, Bouguermouh D. Intestinal ischemia secondary to Covid-19. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. 2020;61:e101604.
|
Algeria |
Case report |
1 |
9 |
0 |
Klocperk et al. 20205757 Klocperk A, Parackova Z, Dissou J, Malcova H, Pavlicek P, Vymazal T, et al. Case report: systemic inflammatory response and fast recovery in a pediatric patient with COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1665.
|
Czechia |
Case report |
1 |
8 |
0 |
Lang et al. 20205858 Lang P, Eichholz T, Bakchoul T, Streiter M, Petrasch M, Bosmuller H, et al. Defibrotide for the treatment of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in 2 pediatric patients. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9:622–5.
|
Germany |
Case report |
2 |
(10-13) |
0 |
Lee and Margolskee 20205959 Lee WS, Margolskee E. Leukoerythroblastosis and plasmacytoid lymphocytes in a child with SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Blood. 2020;136:914.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
5 |
0 |
Lee et al. 20206060 Lee PY, Platt CD, Weeks S, Grace RF, Maher G, Gauthier K, et al. Immune dysregulation and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146:1194–200.
|
USA |
Observational |
28 |
9 (0.1-17) |
15 |
Lee et al. 20206161 Lee PY, Day-Lewis M, Henderson LA, Friedman KG, Lo J, Roberts JE, et al. Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:5942-50.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
17 |
1 |
Licciardi et al. 20206262 Licciardi F, Pruccoli G, Denina M, Parodi E, Taglietto M, Rosati S, et al. SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kawasaki-Like hyperinflammatory syndrome: a novel COVID phenotype in children. Pediatrics. 2020;146:e20201711.
|
Italy |
Case series |
2 |
12, 7 |
1 |
Lin et al. 20206363 Lin J, Lawson EC, Verma S, Peterson RB, Sidhu R. Cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum in an adolescent with multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41:2017–9.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
13 |
0 |
Mamishi et al. 20206464 Mamishi S, Movahedi Z, Mohammadi M, Ziaee V, Khodabandeh M, Abdolsalehi MR, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 children: a first report from Iran. Epidemiol Infect. 2020;148:e196.
|
Iran |
Observational |
45 |
7 (4–9.9) |
24 |
Mehler et al. 20216565 Mehler K, Jung N, Oberthuer A. Is it all MIS-C? Unusual findings in a series of nine German patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection. I J of Infect Dis. 2021;106:405–8.
|
Germany |
Case series |
9 |
12.1 (1-16) |
6 |
Meredith et al. 20216666 Meredith J, Khedim CA, Henderson P, Wilson DC, Russell RK. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 [PIMS-TS] in a patient receiving infliximab therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2021;15:687–91.
|
UK |
Case report |
1 |
10 |
0 |
Miller et al. 20206767 Miller J, Cantor A, Zachariah P, Ahn D, Martinez M, Margolis KG. Gastrointestinal symptoms as a major presentation component of a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children that is related to Coronavirus disease 2019: a single center experience of 44 cases. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:1571–4. e2.
|
USA |
Observational |
44 |
7.3 (0.6–20) |
20 |
Mills et al. 20216868 Mills T, Trivedi A, Tremoulet AH, Hershey D, Burns JC. Hyponatremia in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021;40:e344–6.
|
USA |
Case series |
2 |
9.5 |
0 |
Moghadam et al. 20206969 Moghadam P, Blum L, Ahouach B, Radjou A, Lambert C, Scanvic A, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome with particular cutaneous lesions related to COVID-19 in a young adult. Am J Med. 2020;134:e36–7.
|
France |
Case report |
1 |
21 |
1 |
Moraleda et al. 20207070 Moraleda C, Serna-Pascual M, Soriano-Arandes A, Simó S, Epalza C, Santos M, et al. Multi- inflammatory syndrome in children related to severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;72: e397–401.
|
Spain |
Observational |
31 |
7.6 (4.5-11-5) |
18 |
Nathan et al. 20207171 Nathan N, Prevost B, Sileo C, Richard N, Berdah L, Thouvenin G, et al. The wide spectrum of COVID-19 clinical presentation in children. J Clin Med. 2020;9:e2950.
|
France |
Case series |
2 |
5.5 (5-11) |
0 |
Ng et al. 20207272 Ng KF, Kothari T, Bandi S, Bird PW, Goyal K, Zoha M, et al. COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in three teenagers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. 2020;92:2880–6.
|
UK |
Case series |
3 |
16, 17, 13 |
2 |
Nguyen et al. 20207373 Nguyen DC, Haydar H, Pace ER, Zhang XS, Dobbs KR. Pediatric case of severe COVID-19 with shock and multisystem inflammation. Cureus. 2020;12:e8915.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
10 |
0 |
Okarska-Napierala et al. 20207474 Okarska-Napierala M, Zalewska E, Kuchar E. Fever and diarrhea as the only symptoms of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Gastroenterology. 2020;160: 968–9.
|
Poland |
Case report |
1 |
14 |
1 |
Paolino and Wlillians 20207575 Paolino J, Williams DA. Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020;68:e28551.
|
USA |
Case series |
3 |
7.6 (6-9) |
2 |
Patnaik et al. 20217676 Patnaik S, Jain MK, Ahmed S, Dash AK, RK P, Sahoo B, et al. Short-term outcomes in children recovered from multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatol Int. 2021;14:1957–62.
|
India |
Observational |
21 |
8.5 (2-16) |
13 |
Penner et al. 20217777 Penner J, Abdel-Mannan O, Grant K, Maillard S, Kucera F, Hassell J, et al. 6-month multidisciplinary follow-up and outcomes of patients with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS-TS) at a UK tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021;5:473–82.
|
UK |
Observational |
46 |
10.2 (8.8-13.3) |
30 |
Pereira et al. 20207878 Pereira MF, Litvinov N, Farhat SC, Eisencraft AP, Gibelli M, Carvalho WB, et al. Severe clinical spectrum with high mortality in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Clinics. 2020;75:e2209.
|
Brazil |
Case series |
6 |
7.78 (0.01-17.6) |
5 |
Perez-Toledo et al. 20207979 Perez-Toledo M, Faustini SE, Jossi SE, Shields AM, Kanthimathinathan HK, Allen JD, et al. Serology confirms SARS-CoV-2 infection in PCR-negative children presenting with Paediatric Inflammatory Multi-System Syndrome. medRxiv. 2020: e20123117.
|
UK |
Case series |
8 |
9 (7–14) |
5 |
Pouletty et al. 20208080 Pouletty M, Borocco C, Ouldali N, Caseris M, Basmaci R, Lachaume N, et al. Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:999–1006.
|
France |
Observational |
16 |
10(4.7–12.5) |
8 |
Prata-Barbosa et al. 20208181 Prata-Barbosa A, Lima-Setta F, Santos GRD, Lanziotti VS, de Castro REV, de Souza DC, et al. Pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: a prospective multicenter study. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:582–92.
|
Brazil |
Case series |
10 |
5.2 (1.5–8.4) |
8 |
Prieto et al. 20218282 Prieto LM, Toral B, LLorente A, Coca D, Blázquez-Gamero D. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in children with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 and heart dysfunction. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27:648–50.
|
Spain |
Case series |
5 |
7 (5-12) |
3 |
Ramcharan et al. 20208383 Ramcharan T, Nolan O, Lai CY, Prabhu N, Krishnamurthy R, Richter AG, et al. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome: temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): cardiac features, management and short-term outcomes at a UK tertiary paediatric hospital. Pediatr Cardiol. 2020;41: 1391–401.
|
UK |
Observational |
15 |
8.8 (6.4–11.2) |
11 |
Rauf et al. 20208484 Rauf A, Vijayan A, John ST, Krishnan R, Latheef A. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome with features of atypical Kawasaki disease during COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87:745–7.
|
India |
Case report |
1 |
5 |
1 |
Regev et al. 20208585 Regev T, Antebi M, Eytan D, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Ilivitzki A, Aviel YB, et al. Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome with central nervous system involvement and hypocomplementemia following SARS-COV-2 Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e206–7.
|
Israel |
Case report |
1 |
16 |
0 |
Riollano-Cruz et al. 20208686 Riollano-Cruz M, Akkoyun E, Briceno-Brito E, Kowalsky S, Reed J, Posada R, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: a New York city experience. J Med Virol. 2020;93:424–33.
|
USA |
Observational |
15 |
12 (3–20) |
11 |
Riphagen et al. 20208787 Riphagen S, Gomez X, Gonzalez-Martinez C, Wilkinson N, Theocharis P. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2020;395:1607–8.
|
UK |
Case series |
8 |
8.9 (4–14) |
5 |
Roberts et al. 20218888 Roberts JE, Campbell JI, Gauvreau K, Lamb GS, Newburger J, Son MB, et al. Differentiating multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child. 2021;8. archdischild-2021-322290. [Epub ahead of print].
|
USA |
Observational |
50 |
9.6 (6.2-14) |
33 |
Rodriguez-Gonzalez 20208989 Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Castellano-Martinez A, Cascales-Poyatos HM, Perez-Reviriego AA. Cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 with a focus on children: a systematic review. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8:5250–83.
|
Spain |
Case report |
1 |
0.6 |
1 |
Rogo et al. 20209090 Rogo T, Mathur K, Purswani M. Systemic inflammation with cardiac involvement in pediatric patients with evidence of COVID-19 in a community hospital in the Bronx, New York. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9:502–3.
|
USA |
Case series |
4 |
11.2 (3-20) |
3 |
Sadiq et al. 20209191 Sadiq M, Aziz OA, Kazmi U, Hyder N, Sarwar M, Sultana N, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children in Pakistan. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:e36–7.
|
Pakistan |
Case series |
8 |
9.5 (8-10.5) |
7 |
Saeed and Shorafa 20209292 Saeed A, Shorafa E. Status epilepticus as a first presentation of COVID-19 infection in a 3 years old boy; Case report and review the literature. IDCases. 2020;22:e00942.
|
Iran |
Case report |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Sandoval et al. 20219393 Sandoval F, Julio K, Méndez G, Valderas C, Echeverría AC, Perinette MJ, et al. Neurologic features associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a case series. Report. J Child Neurol. 2021;36:853–66.
|
Chile |
Case series |
8 |
5.4 (1.5-12) |
3 |
Schupper et al. 20209494 Schupper AJ, Yaeger KA, Morgenstern PF. Neurological manifestations of pediatric multi- system inflammatory syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36:1579–80.
|
Germany |
Case report |
1 |
5 |
1 |
Shenker et al. 20209595 Shenker J, Trogen B, Schroeder L, Ratner AJ, Kahn P. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with status epilepticus. J Pediatr. 2020;227:300–1.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
12 |
1 |
Torres et al. 20209696 Torres JP, Izquierdo G, Acuna M, Pavez D, Reyes F, Fritis A, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): report of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cases in Santiago de Chile during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:75–81.
|
Chile |
Observational |
27 |
6 (0-14) |
14 |
Toubiana et al. 20209797 Toubiana J, Poirault C, Corsia A, Bajolle F, Fourgeaud J, Angoulvant F, et al. Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2020;369: m2094.
|
France |
Observational |
21 |
7.9 (3.7–16.6) |
9 |
Vari et al. 20209898 Vari D, Miller JM, Rellosa N, Srivastava S, Frizzola M, Thacker D. Severe cardiac dysfunction in a patient with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: Retrospective diagnosis of a puzzling presentation. A case report. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2020;58:101270.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
14 |
1 |
Verdoni et al. 20209999 Verdoni L, Mazza A, Gervasoni A, Martelli L, Ruggeri M, Ciuffreda M, et al. An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1771–8.
|
Italy |
Case series |
10 |
7.5 (2.9–16) |
7 |
Verkuil et al. 2020100100 Verkuil LD, Liu GT, Brahma VL, Avery RA. Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome associated with MIS-C: a case report. Lancet. 2020;396:532.
|
USA |
Case report |
1 |
14 |
0 |
Webb et al. 2020101101 Webb K, Abraham DR, Faleye A, McCulloch M, Rabie H, Scott C. Cape Town MISC-Team. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in South Africa. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:e38.
|
South Africa |
Observational |
23 |
6.6 (4.7-8.4) |
17 |
Whittaker et al. 2020102102 Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J, Kaforou M, Jones CE, Shah P, et al. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020;324:259–69.
|
UK |
Observational |
58 |
9 (5.7–14) |
25 |
Yonker et al. 2020103103 Yonker LM, Neilan AM, Bartsch Y, Patel AB, Regan J, Arya P, et al. Pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): clinical presentation, infectivity, and immune responses. J Pediatr. 2020;227:45–52. e5.
|
USA |
Observational |
18 |
7.7 |
14 |
Yozgat et al. 2020104104 Yozgat CY, Uzuner S, Bursal Duramaz B, Yozgat Y, Erenberk U, Iscan A, et al. Dermatological manifestation of pediatrics multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in a 3-year-old girl. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33:e13770.
|
Turkey |
Case report |
1 |
3 |
0 |