Adachi et al.,2020. Adachi Y Sato C, Nishino N, Ohryoji F, Hayama J, Yamagami T. A brief parental education for shaping sleep habits in 4-month-old infants. Clin Med Res. 2009;7:85-92.2009 |
4 months |
Intervention: 99 Control: 95 |
– Decrease of inappropriate behavior, nighttime awakenings, and arousals with crying |
– Positive routines – Minimal checking with systematic extinction – Decrease of inappropriate behaviors |
– Prevention of increased nocturnal awakenings with age |
Hall et al.,2121. Hall WA, Clauson M, Carty EM, Janssen PA, Saunders RA. Effects on parents of an intervention to resolve infant behavioral sleep problems. Ped Nurs. 2006;32:243-50. 2006 |
6 to 12 months |
39 |
– Assessment of parents' quality of life after improvement of the child's sleep quality |
– Minimal checking with systematic extinction |
– Improvement of sleep quality and depressed mood symptoms of parents – Decrease in co-sleeping |
Rickert & Johnson,2727. Rickert VI, Johnson CM. Reducing nocturnal awakening and crying episodes in infants and young children: a comparison between scheduled awakenings and systematic ignoring. Pedi-atrics. 1988;81:203-12.1988 |
6–54 months |
33 (11 in each intervention group, 11 in control group) |
– Evaluation of the reduction in the number of nocturnal awakenings |
– Programmed awakening – Systematic extinction – Control |
– Lower number of nighttime awakenings in both groups that underwent interventions |
Mindell et al.,2424. Mindell JA, Telofski LS, Wiegand B, Kurtz ES. A nightly bedtime routine: impact on sleep in young children and maternal mood. Sleep. 2009;32:599-606.2009 |
7 to 18 months 18 to 36 months |
206 (7–18 m) 199 (18–36 m) |
– Changes in maternal mood after improved sleep quality of the child |
– Positive routines |
– Decreased sleep latency in children – Decrease in the duration of nocturnal awakenings – Decrease in depressive symptoms in mothers |
Mindell et al.,2525. Mindell JA, DuMond CE, Sadeh A, Telofski LS, Kulkarni N, Gunn E. Long-term efficacy of an internet-based intervention for infant and toddler sleep disturbances: one year follow-up. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011;7:507-11.2011 |
18 to 48 months |
171 |
– Change in sleep quality of child and mother – Change in maternal self-confidence |
– Positive routines |
– Decrease in sleep latency, difficulty falling asleep, number and duration of nocturnal awakenings – Maternal self-confidence improvement – Temporary improvement of the quality of maternal sleep |
Skuladottir et al.,1818. Skuladottir A, Thome M, Ramel A. Improving day and night sleep problems in infants by changing day time sleep rhythm: a single group before and after study. Int J Nurs Studies. 2005;42:843-50.2005 |
3 to 24 months |
79 |
– Changes in the nocturnal sleep pattern with improved daytime sleep pattern |
– Positive routines for daytime sleep – Gradual extinction for nighttime sleep – Remodeling for daytime sleep |
– Increase in nocturnal sleep – Decrease in nocturnal awakenings |
Adams & Rickert,2626. Adams LA, Rickert VI. Reducing bedtime tantrums: comparison between positive routines and graduated extinction. Pediatrics. 1989;84:756-61.1989 |
18 and 48 months |
36 (12 in each intervention group; 12 in control group) |
– Effect on the number of temper tantrums |
– Positive routines – Gradual extinction |
– Lower number of temper tantrums and shorter episodes in both intervention groups – Best score in the parents' group positive routines in the Marital Adjustment Scale |
Eckerberg, 2002 |
4 to 30 months |
39 |
– Effectiveness of written information over verbal instructions by the physician |
– Gradual extinction |
– Decrease in sleep latency in both groups – Decrease of awakenings in both groups – Increased chance to go back to sleep on their own in both groups |
Hiscock & Wake,2222. Hiscock H, Wake M. Randomised controlled trial of behavioural infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep and maternal mood. BMJ. 2002;324:1062-7.2002 |
7 to 9 months |
Intervention: 75 Control: 71 (total 146) |
– Effectiveness of the advice given by the physician in relation to written advice on sleep quality of the child and maternal depressive symptoms |
– Gradual extinction |
– Fewer sleep problems in the intervention group – Decrease in maternal depressive symptoms in the intervention group |
Reid et al.,2323. Reid MJ, Walter AL, O'Leary SG. Treatment of young children's bedtime refusal and nighttime wakings: a comparison of "standard" and graduated ignoring procedures. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1999;27:5-16. 1999 |
16 to 48 months |
43 (14 in extinction group, 13 in gradual extinction group, and 16 controls) |
– Comparison of the effectiveness of methods of sleep hygiene |
– Extinction – Gradual extinction |
– More difficulty in compliance in the extinction group during the second week – Improved sleep quality in both intervention groups compared to controls |