Quality of life, school backpack weight, and nonspecific low back pain in children and adolescents

Macedo, Rosangela B.; Coelho-e-Silva, Manuel J.; Sousa, Nuno F.; Valente-dos-Santos, João; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Cumming, Sean P.; Lima, Alessandra V.; Gonçalves, Rui S.; Martins, Raul A.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.08.011

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Original Articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 91 (3) • May-Jun 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.08.011 copy

Quality of life, school backpack weight, and nonspecific low back pain in children and adolescents ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Macedo RB, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Sousa NF, Valente-dos-Santos J, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Cumming SP, et al. Quality of life, school backpack weight, and nonspecific low back pain in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:263-9.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the degree of disability, anthropometric variables, quality of life (QoL), and school backpack weight in boys and girls aged 11-17 years. The differences in QoL between those who did or did not report low back pain (LBP) were also analyzed.

METHODS:

Eighty-six girls (13.9 ± 1.9 years of age) and 63 boys (13.7 ± 1.7 years of age) participated. LBP was assessed by questionnaire, and disability using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. QoL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Multivariate analyses of variance and covariance were used to assess differences between groups.

RESULTS:

Girls reported higher disability than boys (p = 0.01), and lower QoL in the domains of physical (p < 0.001) and emotional functioning (p < 0.01), psychosocial health (p = 0.02) and physical health summary score (p < 0.001), and on the total PedsQL score (p < 0.01). School backpack weight was similar in both genders (p = 0.61) and in participants with and without LBP (p = 0.15). After adjustments, participants with LBP reported lower physical functioning (p < 0.01), influencing lower physical health summary score (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Girls had higher disability and lower QoL than boys in the domains of physical and emotional functioning, psychosocial health, and physical health summary scores, and on the total PedsQL score; however, similar school backpack weight was reported. Participants with LBP revealed lower physical functioning and physical health summary score, yet had similar school backpack weight to those without LBP.

Quality of life; Nonspecific low back pain; Children and adolescents; School backpack

	Total (n = 149)	Girls (n = 86)		Boys (n = 63)		Group effect p-values	RMDQ-adjusted p-values
		Min-Max	Mean (standard deviation)	Min-Max	Mean (standard deviation)
Age, years	13.8 (1.9)	11 - 17	13.9 (1.9)	11 - 17	13.5 (1.8)	0.214	-
Body weight, kg	52.8 (12.6)	34.0–102.9	52.7 (12.0)	28.8–92.6	52.9 (13.6)	0.910	-
Height, cm	1.57 (0.09)	1.38–1.76	1.56 (0.07)	1.35–1.81	1.59 (0.10)	0.040^a	-
Body mass index, kg/m ²	21.2 (3.8)	15.5–36.5	21.5 (3.7)	13.5–32.1	20.7 (4.0)	0.211	-
School backpack weight, kg	4.04 (1.24)	2.10–7.00	4.08 (1.15)	1.70–7.50	3.97 (1.35)	0.613	-
Roland-Morris (0-24)	5.2 (3.6)	0.0–18.0	6.0 (3.6)	0.0–14.0	4.2 (3.4)	0.007^b	-
Schober test, cm	15.6 (1.0)	12.5–18.0	15.7 (1.1)	13.5–17.5	15.4 (1.0)	0.101	-

PedsQL (0-100)
Physical functioning	72 (16)	13–94	68 (17)	31–97	79 (13)	< 0.001^c	0.003^b
Emotional functioning	63 (17)	20–90	59 (15)	15–100	69 (18)	0.001^b	0.003^b
Social functioning	81 (17)	25–100	79 (17)	45–100	83 (15)	0.094	0.454
School functioning	74 (16)	25–100	74 (15)	10–100	74 (16)	0.804	0.705
Psychosocial health summary score	73 (13)	43–95	70 (12)	30–98	76 (13)	0.021^a	0.118
Physical health summary score	72 (16)	13–94	68 (17)	31–97	79 (13)	< 0.001^c	0.003^b
Total PedsQL score	72 (13)	33–93	69 (12)	42–97	77 (12)	0.001^b	0.016^a

Variables	Total (n = 149)	With LBP (n = 90)	Without LBP (n = 59)	Group effect p-values	Gender-adjusted p-values	Gender and age-adjusted p-values	Gender, age and stature-adjusted p-values
School backpack weight, kg	4.04 (1.24)	3.92 (1.14)	4.21 (1.36)	0.154	0.141	0.118	0.124
Roland-Morris (0-24)	5.21 (3.62)	6.26 (3.79)	3.61 (2.65)	< 0.001^a	< 0.001^a	< 0.001^a	< 0.001^a
Schober test, cm	15.6 (1.0)	15.6 (1.0)	15.4 (1.0)	0.168	0.211	0.204	0.196

PedsQL (0-100)
Physical functioning	72 (16)	69 (17)	78 (14)	< 0.01^b	< 0.01^b	< 0.01^b	< 0.01^b
Emotional functioning	63 (17)	62 (18)	64 (16)	0.609	0.820	0.845	0.851
Social functioning	81 (17)	80 (18)	82 (15)	0.450	0.538	0.558	0.571
School functioning	74 (16)	74 (14)	74 (18)	0.876	0.892	0.912	0.921
Psychosocial health summary score	73 (13)	72 (13)	73 (13)	0.530	0.667	0.693	0.705
Physical health summary score	72 (16)	69 (17)	78 (14)	< 0.01^b	< 0.01^b	< 0.01^b	< 0.01^b
Total PedsQL score	72 (13)	71 (13)	75 (12)	0.056	0.092	0.089	0.094

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: raulmartins@fcdef.uc.pt (R.A. Martins).