Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study

Cruz, Maria J.B.; Dourado, Lays F.N.; Bodevan, Emerson C.; Andrade, Renata A.; Santos, Delba F.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.03.004

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Original Articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 90 (6) • Nov-Dec 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.03.004 copy

Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Cruz MJ, Dourado LF, Bodevan EC, Andrade RA, Santos DF. Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:608-15.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the prevalence of medication use in children and adolescents in 20 municipalities of Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais-Brazil, showing the main groups and variables that may have influenced use.

METHODS:

Descriptive population-based survey sample of 555 interviews, selected by simple random cluster sampling of 137 census tracts. Inclusion criteria were age ≤ 14 years, mandatory interview with the legal guardians, and regardless of having received medications. Regarding the usage pattern, participants were divided into two groups: consumption and non-consumption of drugs. A descriptive analysis of the variables and tests of association were performed.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of drug consumption was 56.57%, and 42.43% showed no consumption. The use of medicinal plants was 72.9% for drug users and 74.3% for non-users. The health conditions for consumption were cough, common cold, flu, nasal congestion or bronchospasm (49.7%), fever (5.4%), headache (5.4%), diarrhea, indigestion, and abdominal colic (6.7%). In cases of self-medication, 30.57% of the drugs were given by the mother, and 69.42% were prescription drugs. Self-medication was prevalent using paracetamol (30.2%), dipyrone (20.8%), and cold medicine (18.8%). There was increased use of analgesics/antipyretics, followed by respiratory medications, systemic antibiotics, histamine H1 antagonists, and vitamins/antianemics.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of drugs use in children was high, indicating the need for formulating educational programs aiming at the awareness of caregivers regarding rational use.

Children; Adolescent; Drug use; Self-medication; Pharmacoepidemiology; Nursing

	Consumption	Non-consumption
Population characteristics	n = 314 %	n = 241 %	p-value
Age range (years)
< 2	17.2	14.9
2-7	38.9	41.1
7-14	43.9	44.0	0.74 ^a

Gender
Female	48.1	46.5
Male	51.9	53.5	0.77 ^a

Family income in minimum wages
≤ 1	43.3	38.2
1-3	37.9	45.2
3-5	9.2	10.8
≥ 5	9.6	5.8	0.14 ^a

Occupation of head of the family
Employed	79.6	81.3
Unemployed/retired	20.4	18.7	0.69 ^a

Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (ABEP)
E	1.9	0.8
D	16.2	15.8
C2	30.9	33.2
C1	29.9	27.4
B2	17.2	16.2	0.68 ^b
B1	2.9	5.4
A2	1.0	1.2

Access to healthcare services
Public	79.9	81.7
Private	19.7	17.4
Did not answer	0.3	0.8	0.58 ^a

Medicinal herb use
Yes	72.9	74.3
No	26.8	24.9
Did not answer	0.3	0.8	0.72 ^a

	Self-medication	Medical prescription
Population characteristics	n = 96 %	n = 218 %	p-value
Age range (years)
< 2	16.7	17.4
2-7	43.7	36.7
7-14	39.6	45.9	0.48 ^a

Gender
Female	44.8	49.5
Male	55.2	50.5	0.51 ^a

Family income in minimum wages
≤ 1	45.9	42.2
1-3	33.3	39.9
3-5	8.3	9.6
≥ 5	12.5	8.3	0.50 ^a

Occupation of head of the family
Employed	80.2	79.4
Unemployed/retired	19.8	20.6	0.98 ^a
Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (ABEP)
E	1.0	2.3
D	22.9	13.3
C2	30.2	31.2
C1	28.1	30.7	0.03 ^b
B2	10.4	20.2
B1	6.3	1.4
A2	1.0	0.9

Access to health care services
Public	76.8	81.7
Private	23.2	18.3	0.41 ^a

		Self-medication	Medical Prescription
Medication	ATC Code	n = 96 %	n = 218 %	p-value ^a
Analgesics/antipyretics	N02	49.0	33.5
Paracetamol		30.2	25.2
Dipyrone		20.8	13.3
Acetylsalicylic acid		3.1	0.6
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	M01A	10.4	12.4	0.76 ^a
Ibuprofen		7.3	9.2
Nimesulide		2.1	2.8
Diclofenac		1.0	0.9
Respiratory system action	R	20.8	22.0	0.93 ^a
Cold medications		18.8	12.4
Berotec (fenoterol)		1.0	6.0
Adrenergic B₂-agonist		1.0	5.0
Systemic antibiotics	J01	11.5	30.9	< 0.001 ^a
Amoxicillin		7.3	21.1
Bactrim		2.1	2.8
Cephalexin		1.0	5.5
Azithromycin		1.0	2.3
Gastrointestinal tract action	A	3.1	2.3	0.70 ^b
Anti-spasmodic agents		2.1	1.8
Dimeticon		1.0	0.5
Vitamins/antianemic drugs	A11/B03	3.1	11.5	0.03 ^a
Ferrous sulfate		3.1	11.5
Antiparasitic/anti-helminthic drugs	P01/P02	3.1	5.5	0.57 ^b
Albendazole		2.1	3.7
Mebendazole		1.1	1.8
Histamine H1 antagonists for systemic use	R06	19.8	31.2	0.052 ^a

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author.E-mail: maria enfermagem@yahoo.com.br (M.J.B. Cruz).

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Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study ☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Cruz MJ, Dourado LF, Bodevan EC, Andrade RA, Santos DF. Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:608-15.

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Cruz MJ, Dourado LF, Bodevan EC, Andrade RA, Santos DF. Medication use among children 0-14 years old: population baseline study. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:608-15.