Toubiana et al. 1313 Toubiana J, Poirault C, Corsia A, Bajolle F, Fourgeaud J, Angoulvant F, et al. Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2020;369:m2094.
|
May 2020 |
France |
Observational cohort study |
19/21 (a)
|
3.7-16.6 y (median 7.9 y) |
9 M / 12 F |
Household |
Gastrointestinal symptoms during the early stage of illness and high levels of inflammatory markers (n = 21) anosmia (n = 1) lips and oral cavity alterations (n = 16) bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection (n = 17) rash (n = 6) changes to extremities (n = 10) cervical lymphadenopathy (n = 12) perineal or face desquamation (n = 4) arthralgia (n = 2) irritability (n = 12) other neurological features (n = 6) |
NA |
Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (n = 12) myocarditis (n = 16), moderate coronary artery dilations (n = 5) |
Intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg; n = 21) low dose aspirin (3-5 mg/kg/day) low dose aspirin (3-5 mg/kg/day; n = 21) concomitant corticosteroids (2-10 mg/kg/day; n = 7). Five patients showed resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin and were treated with a second infusion (2 g/kg), with corticosteroids (2 mg/kg/day) in four of these patients. Eighteen (86%) patients received empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, which always included a third generation cephalosporin. |
Discharged (n = 21) |
Climent et al. 1414 Climent F, Calvo C, García-Guereta L, Rodríguez-Álvarez D, Buitrago N, Pérez-Martínez A. Fatal outcome of COVID-19 disease in a 5-month infant with comorbidities. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2020;73:667-9.
|
May 2020 |
Spain |
Case report |
1 |
5 mo |
M |
NA |
Irritability, fever, cough, runny nose, vomiting, pallor, |
Heart failure and mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler syndrome |
High fever (39.6 ºC) and respiratory distress, resulting in two cardiac arrests |
Hydroxychloroquine and ceftriaxone were prescribed, and remdesivir requested |
Death |
Riphagen et al. 1515 Riphagen S, Gomez X, Gonzalez-Martinez C, Wilkinson N, Theocharis P. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2020;395:1607-8.
|
May 2020 |
United Kingdom |
Observational cohort study |
2 |
13 (patient 1) and 14 y (patient 2) |
2 M |
Household suspicious (patient 2) |
Fever (n = 2), diarrhea (patient 1), abdominal pain (patient 1), conjunctivitis (patient 2), rash (patient 2), odynophagia (patient 2) headache (patient 1) |
Obesity (patient 1), autism and ADHD (patient 2) |
Right MCA and ACA ischaemic infarction (patient 1) |
Patient 1 was prescribed dopamine, noradrenaline, argipressin, adrenaline milrinone, hydroxicortisone, IVIG, ceftriaxone and clindamycin. Patient 2 was prescribed milrinone, IVIG, methylprednisolone, aspirin and ceftriaxone. Intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg; n = 2) ceftriaxone (n = 2) and clindamycin (n = 2) |
Discharged (patient 2), death (patient 1) |
Capone et al. 1616 Capone C, Subramony A, Sweberg T, Schneider J, Shah S, Rubin L, et al. Characteristics, cardiac involvement, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory disease of childhood (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Pediatr. 2020;224:141-5.
|
June 2020 |
United States |
Observational cohort study |
33 |
2.2 - 17y |
20 M / 13 F |
NA |
Fever (n = 4); neurocognitive symptoms (n = 19; headache, irritability, lethargy); gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 32; vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain); respiratory symptoms (n = 17; cough, congestion, dyspnea, sore throat); shock (n = 25); complete kawasaki's disease (n = 21, 16/21 with shock) |
Asthma or reactive airway disease (n = 5); overweight (n = 2); obese (n = 13); others (n = 2; 1 patient with hemodynamically insignificant VSD and 1 patient with renal tubular acidosis) |
Complete Kawasaki's disease (n = 21) acute liver injury (n = 7) acute kidney injury (n = 23) |
IVIG (n = 33); 2nd dose IVIG n = 11); mPDN (n = 23); aspirin, (n = 29); anakinra (n = 4); tocilizumab (n = 3); infliximab (n = 1); enoxaparin (n = 14); |
Discharged (n = 33) |
Fan et al. 1717 Fan Q, Pan Y, Wu Q, Liu S, Song X, Xie Z, et al. Anal swab findings in an infant with COVID-19. Pediatr Investig. 2020;4:48-50.
|
March 2020 |
China |
Case report |
1 |
3 mo |
F |
Household |
Fever (38.2 ºC); diarrhea; high neutrophil levels (86.2%); reduced lymphocites (7.6%) |
None |
NA |
NA |
Discharged |
Brambilla et al. 1818 Brambilla I, Tosca M, De Filippo M, Licari A, Piccotti E, Marseglia G, et al. Special issues for coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents. Obesity. 2020;28:1369.
|
May 2020 |
Italy |
Case report |
1 |
14y |
M |
Community |
Fever (39.8 ºC), vomiting, watery diarrhea, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and eosinopenia, elevated creatinine, elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme, slight increase in transaminase and gamma-GT; moderate mitral valve regurgitation; myocardial enzymes were significantly increased. |
Obesity |
Orthopnea, chest pain, oliguria, sinus tachycardia; Renal failure; myocardial damage |
Ceftriaxone 2 g/day; fluid replacement; oxygen therapy; |
Discharged |
Dodi et at 1919 Dodi I, Castellone E, Pappalardo M, Rubini M, Veronese P, Ruberto C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Parma. Acta Biomed. 2020;91:214-5.
|
April 2020 |
Italy |
Case series |
14 |
0-15y (median 22 mo) |
9 M / 5F |
Household confirmed (n = 3), household suspected (n = 7), non family cluster (n = 1), community (n = 4) |
Fever (n = 14), cough (n = 5), pharyngeal erythema (n = 7), diarrhea (n = 2), vomiting (n = 2), inappetence (n = 3), exanthema (n = 2), neurological symptoms (n = 2) |
1 patient had febrile seizures. 1 patient had anemia and lymphopenia. |
None |
NA |
Discharged (n = 14) |
Stewart et al. 2020 Stewart DJ, Hartley JC, Johnson M, Marks SD, du Pré P, Stojanovic J. Renal dysfunction in hospitalised children with COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:e28-9.
|
June 2020 |
United Kingdom |
Observational cohort study |
52 |
5.6-12.9y |
35 M / 17 F |
NA |
fever (n = 46), abdominal pain (n = 24), diarrhea (n = 22), cough (n = 15), increased work of breathing (n = 23), vomiting (n = 27), rhinitis (n = 5); uraemia (n = 26); proteinuria (n = 5), hematuria (n = 12) |
4 patients that presented AKI had methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA), obesity, prematurity, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. |
Acute kidney injury (n = 15); multisystem inflammatory syndrome (n = 24) |
NA |
NA |
Salvatori et al. 2121 Salvatori G, De Rose D, Concato C, Alario D, Olivini N, Dotta A, et al. Managing COVID-19-positive maternal–infant dyads: an Italian experience. Breastfeed Med. 2020;15:347-8.
|
April 2020 |
Italy |
Case report |
2 |
10 and 18d |
1 M / 1 F |
Not confirmed, probably community |
One neonate had cough, diarrhea and poor feeding |
None |
None |
Intravenous fluids |
Discharged |
Nathan et al. 2222 Nathan N, Prevost B, Corvol H. Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in young infants. Lancet. 2020;395:1481.
|
April 2020 |
France |
Case series |
5 |
1.6-2.7 mo |
5 M |
|
Fever (n = 5), runny nose (n = 4), cough (n = 3), axial hypotonia (n = 2), drowsiness (n = 1), transient diffuse erythema (n = 1), mild diarrhea (n = 1) |
None |
None |
NA |
Discharged |
Chacón-Aguilar et al. 2323 Chacón-Aguilar R, Osorio-Cámara J, Sanjurjo-Jimenez I, González-González C, López-Carnero J, Pérez-Moneo B. COVID-19: fever syndrome and neurological symptoms in a neonate. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2020;92:373-4.
|
June 2020 |
Spain |
Case report |
1 |
26d |
M |
Household suspicious |
Paroxymal episodes (upward rolling of the eyes, generalized hypertonia and facial cyanosis), fever, nasal discharge, vomiting, a mild hypertonia of the limbs and irritability, elevated serum levels of creatine kinase (CPK, 380 U/L) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 390 U/L), diarrhea |
None |
None |
None |
Discharged |
Qiu et al. 2424 Qiu H, Wu J, Hong L, Luo Y, Song Q, Chen D. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:689-96.
|
March 2020 |
China |
Observational cohort study |
36 |
1-16y (mean 8.3; standart deviation 3.5) |
23 M / 13 F |
Household (n = 32) |
Fever (n = 13), dry cough (n = 7), headache (n = 3), dyspneia or tachypneia (n = 1), pharyngeal congestion (n = 1), sore throat (n = 1), vomiting or diarrhea (n = 2), leukopenya (n = 7), lymphopenya (n = 11), myocardial enzymes elevated (n = 11), liver enzymes elevated (n = 2), headache (n = 2) |
None |
Pneumonia (n = 19) |
Interferon alfa (n = 36), lopinavir-ritonavir (n = 14) |
Discharged (n = 36) |
Tullie et al. 2525 Tullie L, Ford K, Bisharat M, Watson T, Thakkar H, Mullassery D, et al. Gastrointestinal features in children with COVID-19: an observation of varied presentation in eight children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:e19-20.
|
May 2020 |
United Kingdom |
Case series |
5 |
4-14y |
3 M / 2 F |
NA |
All patients presented with a combination of symptoms including fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. |
Autism (n = 1), mild asthma (n = 1) |
Severe inflammatory response and myocarditis (n = 1), systemic inflammatory response (n = 3), |
Immunoglobulin and steroid treat- ment (n = 4) |
Discharged (n = 1), unknown (n = 4) |
Dallan et al. 2626 Dallan C, Romano F, Siebert J, Politi S, Lacroix L, Sahyoun C. Septic shock presentation in adolescents with COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;47:e21-3.
|
May 2020 |
Switzerland |
Case series |
3 |
10-12y |
3 M |
NA |
Fever (n = 3), odynophagia (n = 2), cough(n = 2), headache (n = 1), tachypneia (n = 3), tachycardia (n = 3), skin rash (n = 1), vomiting (n = 2), abdominal pain (n = 2), dyspnea (n = 1), hypotension (n = 1), hypotensive shock (n = 1) |
Obesity (n = 3), asthma (n = 1) |
Patient 1 presented signs of compensated shock. Patient 2 was treated for hypotensive shock and presented prerenal acute renal failure and evidence of MODS. Patient 3 had evidence of MODS, with acute renal failure and cholestasis.. Echocardiography showed left anterior descending artery and right coronary aneurysms |
Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (n = 2) boluses of crystalloids (n = 2) |
Discharged (n = 2). Patient 3 remained hospitalized at publication date. |
Greene et al. 2727 Greene A, Saleh M, Roseman E, Sinert R. Toxic shock-like syndrome and COVID-19: a case report of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Am J Emerg Med. 2020. S0735-6757(20)30492-30497.
|
May 2020 |
United States |
Case report |
1 |
11y |
F |
NA |
Sore throat, malaise, poor appetite, generalized abdominal pain, leg pain, itchy rash, fever (39.3 ºC), tachycardia, hypotension |
None |
Sinus tachycardia and S1Q3T3 without acute ischemia. The differential diagnosis was toxic shock syndrome, cytokine storm, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, septic shock, atypical Kawasaki disease, or cardiogenic shock secondary to myocarditis vs. pulmonary embolism. |
Milrinone, norepinephrine, furosemide, ceftaroline, clindamycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, enoxaparin, vitamin K, tocilizumab, redemsivir, steroids and IVIG |
Discharged |
Zhang et al. 2828 Zhang Z, Yu X, Fu T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Yang B, et al. Novel coronavirus infection in newborn babies aged < 28 days in China. Eur Respir J. 2020;55:2000697.
|
March 2020 |
China |
Case report |
4 |
30h-17h |
3 M / 1 F |
Household (n = 1); Community (n = 3) |
Fever (n = 2), cough (n = 1), vomiting (n = 1), shortness of breath (n = 1) |
None |
None |
NA |
Discharged |
Robbins et al. 2929 Robbins E, Ilahi Z, Roth P. Febrile infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e81-2.
|
NA |
Italy |
Case report |
1 |
58d |
M |
Household |
Fever (38.4 ºC), somnolence, watery eye discharge and periorbital erythema and mild nasal congestion. Stools were softer and greener. Slight fussiness Mildly elevated alkaline and phosphatase and calcium. |
None |
None |
One dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone and acetaminophen for fever. |
Discharged |
Wolfler et al. 3030 Wolfler A, Mannarino S, Giacomet V, Camporesi A, Zuccotti G. Acute myocardial injury: a novel clinical pattern in children with COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:e26-7.
|
June 2020 |
Italy |
Observational cohort study |
5 |
∼7y (2 m -14y) |
2 M / 3 F |
NA |
Fever (n = 5) diarrhea (n = 5) vomiting (n = 3) asthenia (n = 3) dyspnea (n = 1) skin rash; (n = 3) non-exudative conjunctivitis (n = 1) respiratory distress (n = 1) oligoanuria (n = 1) mild desaturation in spontaneous breathing in room air (SpO2 94-96%; n = 3) midbasal hypokinesis of the inferoseptal wall and inferior wall (n = 4) atrial fibrillation (n = 1) |
Cardiac injury and mild to moderate cardiac dysfunction (n = 5) |
Reversible acute kidney injury (n = 1) |
Intravenous epinephrine (n = 4) |
Discharged (n = 5) |
Olisova et al. 3131 Olisova O, Anpilogova E, Shnakhova L. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child. Dermatol Ther. 2020:e13712.
|
May 2020 |
Russia |
Case report |
1 |
12y |
F |
Household |
Fever (38.2 ºC), fatigue, headache, elevated C-reactive protein level, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, skin rash, swollen tongue with pronounced lingual papillae |
None |
None |
Paracetamol |
Discharged |
Cook et al. 3232 Cook J, Harman K, Zoica B, Verma A, D’Silva P, Gupta A. Horizontal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to a premature infant: multiple organ injury and association with markers of inflammation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:548-51.
|
May 2020 |
United Kingdom |
Case report |
1 |
8 w (35 w corrected gestational age) |
M |
NA |
Poor feeding, sneezing, and dyspnea. |
Pre-term delivery (27 weeks' gestation). Blood culture positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis |
Severe lactic acidosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome |
Remdesivir |
Remained hospitalized until publication date |
Salik and Mehta 3333 Salik I, Mehta B. Tetralogy of Fallot palliation in a COVID-19 positive neonate. J Clin Anesth. 2020;66:109914.
|
May 2020 |
United States |
Case report |
1 |
15 d |
F |
Household |
Desaturation to SpO2 60-65%, tachypnea, worsening cyanosis, feeding intolerance and increasing lethargy. |
Tetralogy of Fallot |
None |
NA |
Discharged |
Cui et al. 3434 Cui Y, Tian M, Huang D, Wang X, Huang Y, Fan L, et al. A 55-day-old female infant infected with 2019 novel coronavirus disease: presenting with pneumonia, liver injury, and heart damage. J Infect Dis. 2020;221:1775-81.
|
March 2020 |
China |
Case report |
1 |
55d |
F |
Household |
Alterations in hepatic function measures and mildly abnormal myo- cardial zymogram, dry cough, productive cough, occasional tachycardia, rhinorrhea, hypoxemia |
None |
Abnormal myocardial zymogram on admission and increased troponin I (0.025 µg per liter) on hospital day 4 indicated myocardia injury and progressive pneumonia |
Inhaled interferon α-1b (15 µg, bid), amoxicillin potassium clavulanate (30 mg/kg, q8h, intra- venous glucose tolerance test [IVGTT]), reduced glutathione, ursodeoxycholic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine lotus qingwen, sputum suctioning, ambroxol, intravenous sodium creatine phosphate |
Transferred to another hospital |
Almeida et al. 3535 Almeida F, Olmos R, Oliveira D, Monteiro C, Thomazelli L, Durigon E, et al. Hematuria associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a child. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e161.
|
June 2020 |
Brazil |
Case report |
1 |
10y |
F |
Household |
Fever (38 ºC), mild respiratory symptoms (cough and sore throat) and gross hematuria. |
None |
None |
None |
Discharged |
Munoz et al. 3636 Coronado Munoz A, Nawaratne U, McMann D, Ellsworth M, Meliones J, Boukas K. Late-onset neonatal sepsis in a patient with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:e49.
|
April 2020 |
United States |
Case report |
1 |
3 weeks-old |
M |
Household |
Nasal congestion; tachypnea; reduced feeding; hypoxemia; chest radiography showed bilateral linear opacities and consolidation in the right upper lobe |
None |
Hypotension, tachycardia, hypothermia, tachypnea; pneumothorax |
Tube thoracostomy; Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin |
Discharged |
Dumpa et al. 3737 Dumpa V, Kamity R, Vinci A, Noyola E, Noor A. Neonatal coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a case report and review of literature. Cureus. 2020;12:e8165.
|
May 2020 |
United States |
Case report |
1 |
22d |
M |
Not confirmed |
Fever (38.1 ºC); Tachycardia; Leukopenia |
None |
None |
None |
Discharged |
Aghdam et al. 3838 Kamali Aghdam M, Jafari N, Eftekhari K. Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report. Infect Dis (Lond). 2020;52:427-9.
|
March 2020 |
Iran |
Case report |
1 |
15d |
M |
Household suspicious |
Fever (38.2 ºC), mottling, tachycardia, tachypneia, mild subcostal retraction |
None |
None |
Vancomycin (10 mg/kg/q8h), Amikacin (10 mg/kg/ q8h) and Oseltamivir (3 mg/kg/12 h) |
Discharged |
Marhaeni et al. 3939 Marhaeni W, Wijaya A, Kusumaningtyas P, Mapianto R. Thalassemic child presenting with anosmia due to COVID-19. Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87:750.
|
May 2020 |
Indonesia |
Case report |
1 |
17y |
F |
Household |
Anosmia and ageusia, mild-moderate muscle pain, sneezing, pale appearance |
Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (beta-thalassemia) |
None |
Azithromycin 500 mg/q24 h and antiviral Oseltamivir 75 mg/q12 h. Deferiprone has still been given, considering her good condition. |
Discharged |
Canarutto et al. 4040 Canarutto D, Priolo A, Russo G, Pitea M, Vigone M, Barera G. COVID-19 infection in a paucisymptomatic infant: raising the index of suspicion in epidemic settings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55:E4-5.
|
March 2020 |
Italy |
Case report |
1 |
32 d |
M |
NA |
Fever (38.3 ºC); rhinitis; cough; mild neutropenia (900/µL) and monocytosis (1400/µL) |
NA |
NA |
No supportive treatment required |
Discharged |