Khetsuriani et al., 2007, 28
USA |
65 cases 77 controls |
≥ 2 years |
Stable asthma |
March/2003 to February/2004 |
Nasopharyngeal swab PCR (RT-PCR) for hRV |
37% |
hRV (37% of total, with 60% in cases and 18% in controls) |
Not researched |
Association of asthma exacerbation with hRV infection genogroup C
|
Lopez Perez et al., 2009, 22
Mexico |
100 cases 68 controls |
2 to 17 years |
Wheezers |
Winter (April to June) |
Swab DIF |
Identification in 75% of cases and 44% of controls |
FLUVA and hRSV in wheezers; hAdV, FLUVB and PF in asthma patients |
hRSV, hAdV, FLUV |
Co-detection in 17% |
Olenec et al., 2010, 30
Korea |
58 cases |
6 to 8 years |
No |
April and September/2006, 2007 and 2008 (501 collected
samples) |
NPA multiplex PCR; hRV sequencing |
|
hRV (72 to 99%) hRV C in 16 cases |
hRSV A and B, PF 1-4, hAdV, hCoV, enterovirus and hMPV, hBoV. |
Virus associated with greater severity and duration; interaction
between allergic sensitization and virus |
Bizzintino et al., 2011, 4
Australia |
128 cases |
2 to 16 years |
No |
April/2003 to February/2010 |
NPA or swab DIF and multiplex PCR (18 primers) - nine
viruses Characterization of hRV (types) |
92.2% |
hRV (87.5%) |
hRSV, hAdV, FLUVA and B, PIV1-4, hMPV, hEV, hCoV and hBoV |
hRV C was detected in most children with acute asthma (59.4%) and
associated to severity |
Miller et al., 2009, 29
USA |
1,052 cases |
≤ 5 years |
No |
October/2001 to September/2003 |
NPA and swab PCR and sequencing for hRV |
|
hRV (15.9%) |
Not studied |
hRV type C associated to asthma exacerbation |
Chang et al., 2009, 32
Austrália |
201 cases |
2 to 15 years |
No |
March/2005 to February/2007 |
NPA PCR multiplex |
53.8% |
hRV (41%) |
hRSV, hAdV, FLUV, PIV, hMPV |
Co-detection in ten cases No difference in evolution for
deferment viruses. |
Ozcan et al., 2011, 25
Turkey |
104 cases 31 controls |
3 to 17 yeras |
Stable Asthma patients |
12 months: September/2009 to September/2010 |
Swab Real-time PCR |
53.8% |
hRV (35.6%) |
FLUVA e B, PIV 1-4, hCoV, hRSV, hRV, hMPV and hAdV |
|
Camara et al., 2004, 43
Brazil |
132 cases 65 controls |
0 to 12 years |
Non-asthma patients |
October/1998 to June/2000 |
NPA Immunofluorescence (IIF); culture for hAdV and RT-PCR
for hRV and hCoV |
Cases (60.8%) Controls (13.3%) |
RSV in those younger than 2 years hRV and hAdV in those
older than 2 years |
hRSV, FLUV, PIV hAdV, hCoV |
There was no association between virus detection and wheezing.
Allergic sensitization more associated with exacerbation. |
Kato et al., 2011, 26
Japan |
174 cases 93 controls |
Median 4.7 years |
Stable Asthma patients Non-asthma patients |
November/2003 to October/2003 |
NPA Kit detection of antigens and RT-PCR |
79% |
hRV (33.9%) |
hRSV, hAdV, FLUV and PIV hEV |
IL1, 5, 6, 10 and ECP were higher in exacerbation than in controls
|
Rawlinson et al., 2003, 19
Australia |
179 cases 79 controls |
1 month to 16 years |
Stable Asthma patients Non-asthma patients with URTI |
Winter, spring and summer of 2000 to 2002 |
NPA DIF PCR for hRV and hMPV Culture for virus |
|
hRV (50% in total: 79% in cases and 17% in controls) |
hAdV, FLUVA e B, hRSV, PIV3 |
Co-infection was common especially in winter and by hRSV |
Fujitsuka et al., 2011, 23
Japan |
115 |
Mean 20.8 months |
No |
November/2007 to March/2009 |
Swab PCR |
86.1% |
hRV (31.3%) |
hRSV, hAdV, PIV, FLUV, hMPV, hRV, hBoV, hEV |
- |
Dawood et al., 2011, 27
USA |
701 asthma patients in 2,165 cases of influenza |
2 to 17 years |
No |
2003 to 2009 |
Swab FLUVA, B, H1N1 |
- |
Only Influenza was screened |
Not screened |
Of the children hospitalized with influenza in 2003, 32% and in
2009, 44% were asthmatics. More complications with Influenza A |
Leung et al., 2010, 31
China |
209 cases 77 controls |
3 to 18 years |
Stable Asthma patients |
12 months January/2007 to February/2008 |
NPA or swab multiplex PCR |
51% |
hRV |
hRSV, hAdV, PIV, FluV, hMPV, hRV, hBoV, hEV |
No agent was correlated with severity |
Thumerelle et al., 2003, 24
France |
82 cases 27 controls |
2 a 16 years |
Stable Asthma patients |
9 months October/1998 to June/1999 |
Swab IIF and PCR |
Asthma patients (45%) and controls (3.7%) |
hRV (12%) |
FLUVA and B; PIV1-3; hAdV;RSV; hCoV
Mycoplasma and chlamydia |
Serology 7.4% Atypical 10% |
Maffey et al., 2010, 21
Argentina |
209 cases |
3 months to 16 years |
No |
12 months January/2006 to December/2006 |
NPA or swab IIF and PCR |
78% |
RSV and hRV |
hRSV, hAdV PIV1-3, FLUVA e B) hEV, hMPV, hBoV, mycoplasma
and chlamydia |
Co-detection in 20%, Seasonal circulation: three peaks:
start of October (hRV); winter (hRSV) and spring (hSV, hRV and hMPV) |
Mandelcwajg et al., 2010, 20
France |
232 cases 107 controls |
1.5 to 15 years |
Exacerbated asthma patients Non-hospitalized |
2005 to 2009 November to March |
NPA DIF and PCR |
47% (hospitalized) 31% (non- hospitalized) |
hBoV and RSV |
FLUVA and B, hAdV, PIV-3, hMPV |
hRV not screened |