Lamarca, Edmir Vicente; Barbedo, Claudio José

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ARTICLE • J. Seed Sci. 43 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v43247247 copiar

Respiratory rates and freezing tolerance of embryos of Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn. from different regions

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO:

Sementes recalcitrantes são sensíveis à dessecação e às baixas temperaturas de armazenamento, mas há um gradiente de recalcitrância entre espécies diferentes e entre populações da mesma espécie. Portanto, a tolerância à secagem e às baixas temperaturas, bem como as taxas respiratórias de sementes podem ser condicionadas pela procedência do material. No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre os níveis de secagem, a tolerância a baixas temperaturas e as taxas respiratórias de embriões de Inga vera procedentes de diferentes regiões de coleta. Os embriões foram submetidos a três níveis de secagem e incubados por até quinze dias a -4, -2, 2 e 5 °C. Em seguida, foram avaliados quanto à respiração, germinação e condutividade elétrica. Verificou-se a possibilidade de congelamento a -4 °C desses embriões desde que associado a determinados níveis de secagem e consequente mudança no estado energético da água. Concluiu-se que as condições nas quais os embriões são formados condicionam seu grau de maturação na dispersão e sua tolerância à dessecação e ao congelamento.

Termos para indexação:
Leguminosae; sementes recalcitrantes; armazenamento

Characteristics of	embryo-collecting
Region	RIB	PIR	SAP	PAR
Fruit ripening cycle (days)	107	96	115	106
Degree-day (°C day)	1,485	1,424	1,605	1,739
Rainfall (mm)	652	591	1,361	896
Water content (%)	58.4 ± 0.1	62.3 ± 1.3	56.3 ± 1.5	61.2 ± 1.9
Water potential (MPa)	-1.38 ± 0.08	-1.30 ± 0.21	-0.82 ± 0.14	-0.91 ± 0.09
Dry weight (g.embryo^-1)	0.44 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.06	0.26 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.03
Germination (%)	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	98 ± 3
Normal seedlings (%)	90 ± 5	98 ± 3	100 ± 0	98 ± 3
Mean time (days)	6.15 ± 0.15	3.90 ± 0.30	3.45 ± 0.15	3.86 ± 0.21
Electrical conductivity (μS.cm^-1.gDW^-1)	11.77 ± 2.74	11.71 ± 0.49	11.18 ± 2.23	11.56 ± 1.88
O₂ consumption (μmol O₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)	123.97 ± 11.45	167.48 ± 19.26	150.96 ± 19.66	161.83 ± 12.55
CO₂ release (μmol CO₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)	98.14 ± 2.33	149.29 ± 13.15	133.91 ± 18.65	132.47 ± 10.05
Respiratory quotient (CO₂.O₂ ^-1)	0.80 ± 0.07	0.89 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.01

Collection region	Drying level	Water content (%)	Water potential (MPa)
Ribeirão Vermelho	No drying	58.6 ± 0.9	-1.10 ± 0.08
	Level 1	53.4 ± 2.3	-2.69 ± 0.44
	Level 2	43.8 ± 1.1	-4.71 ± 0.43
Piracicaba	No drying	63.4 ± 1.1	-1.15 ± 0.17
	Level 1	53.0 ± 2.2	-2.99 ± 0.31
	Level 2	47.6 ± 0.9	-4.69 ± 0.19
São Paulo	No drying	56.1 ± 1.9	-0.77 ± 0.24
	Level 1	54.1 ± 4.1	-2.41 ± 0.05
	Level 2	50.3 ± 1.0	-3.05 ± 0.40
Pariquera-Açu	No drying	59.2 ± 1.6	-0.89 ± 0.15
	Level 1	55.3 ± 1.1	-2.33 ± 0.05
	Level 2	49.4 ± 2.9	-3.50 ± 0.47

Region of collection	Level of drying	Temperature (°C)				Means
Region of collection	Level of drying	-4	-2	2	5
		Germination (%)
RIB	No drying	0 cC	100 aA	97 aB	100 aA	-
	Level 1	30 bC	100 aA	97 aB	100 aA	-
	Level 2	83 aB	83 bB	87 bA	70 bC	-
	Coefficient of variation		15.38%
PIR	No drying	0 cC	93 aB	100 aA	100 aA	-
	Level 1	30 bC	93 aB	100 aA	100 aA	-
	Level 2	87 aD	93 aB	90 bC	100 aA	-
	Coefficient of variation		13.75%
SAP	No drying	0	87	97	100	71 c
	Level 1	0	97	100	100	74 b
	Level 2	0	100	100	100	75 a
	Means	0 D	94 C	99 B	100 A
	Coefficient of variation		5.57%
PAR	No drying	0 aD	90 cB	83 cC	100 aA	-
	Level 1	0 aB	100 aA	100 aA	100 aA	-
	Level 2	0 aC	93 bB	97 bA	97 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		6.15%
		Normal seedlings (%)
RIB	No drying	0 cD	87 bC	93 aB	97 aA	-
	Level 1	13 bD	100 aA	93 aC	97 aB	-
	Level 2	53 aC	53 cC	73 bA	60 bB	-
	Coefficient of variation		13.36%
PIR	No drying	0 cD	90 bC	97 aB	100 aA	-
	Level 1	10 bC	93 aB	97 aA	97 bA	-
	Level 2	77 aD	87 cC	90 bB	97 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		11.34%
SAP	No drying	0	87	97	100	71 b
	Level 1	0	93	100	97	73 a
	Level 2	0	93	90	97	70 c
	Means	0 D	91 C	96 B	98 A
	Coefficient of variation		7.03%
PAR	No drying	0	83	80	97	65 c
	Level 1	0	93	97	100	73 a
	Level 2	0	90	97	93	70 b
	Means	0 D	89 C	91 B	97 A
	Coefficient of variation		9.33%

Region of collection	Level of drying	Temperature (°C)			Means
Region of collection	Level of drying	-4	-2	2	5
		O₂ consumption (µmol O₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)
RIB	No drying	13.59	20.93	16.25	22.52	18.32 a
	Level 1	12.93	9.43	19.65	22.80	16.20 b
	Level 2	11.54	9.84	17.06	20.79	14.81 c
	Means	12.69 D	13.40 C	17.65 B	22.04 A
	Coefficient of variation		37.66%
PIR	No drying	22.63	17.29	29.41	54.43	30.94 a
	Level 1	23.11	12.12	29.55	34.80	24.90 b
	Level 2	7.07	7.03	11.03	15.86	10.25 c
	Means	17.61 C	12.14 D	23.33 B	35.03 A
	Coefficient of variation		74.13%
SAP	No drying	4.54 cD	7.25 cB	7.14 cC	22.79 aA	-
	Level 1	5.66 bD	9.44 aC	16.83 bA	16.79 cB	-
	Level 2	7.96 aD	8.45 bC	19.66 aB	19.87 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		32.86%
PAR	No drying	21.43	20.42	34.49	36.58	28.23 b
	Level 1	14.63	18.94	33.64	32.14	24.84 c
	Level 2	20.56	23.82	31.90	40.27	29.14 a
	Means	18.88 D	21.06 C	33.35 B	36.33 A
	Coefficient of variation		23.14%
		CO₂ production (µmol CO₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)
RIB	No drying	14.10	7.56	18.13	23.06	15.71 c
	Level 1	14.38	13.14	21.35	23.47	18.09 a
	Level 2	14.97	12.66	18.44	21.04	16.78 b
	Means	14.48 C	11.12 D	19.30 B	22.52 A
	Coefficient of variation		29.92%
PIR	No drying	17.85	17.93	27.21	32.19	23.80 b
	Level 1	23.10	14.25	28.48	32.39	24.56 a
	Level 2	12.30	15.54	13.80	16.90	14.64 c
	Means	17.75 C	15.91 D	23.17 B	27.16 A
	Coefficient of variation		36.97%
SAP	No drying	12.59 cD	14.11 cB	13.83 cC	26.82 aA	-
	Level 1	14.86 bD	16.79 bB	15.65 bC	22.61 cA	-
	Level 2	15.24 aD	17.16 aC	26.30 aB	26.52 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		15.30%
PAR	No drying	18.15	13.25	23.13	23.76	19.57 b
	Level 1	12.75	12.44	23.97	18.51	16.91 c
	Level 2	16.44	15.95	23.71	28.85	21.24 a
	Means	15.78 C	13.88 D	23.60 B	23.71 A
	Coefficient of variation		34.97%

Region of collection	Level of drying	Temperature (°C)				Means
Region of collection	Level of drying	-4	-2	2	5
		Electrical conductivity (µS.cm^-1.gDW^-1)
RIB	No drying	393.54 aA	40.40 bB	27.94 bC	21.00 cD	-
	Level 1	284.50 bA	36.28 cB	13.99 cD	22.49 bC	-
	Level 2	92.03 cA	69.02 aB	50.74 aC	49.08 aD	-
	Coefficient of variation		33.16%
PIR	No drying	401.35 aA	38.80 bB	27.23 bC	18.44 cD	-
	Level 1	254.27 bA	37.53 cC	21.37 cD	39.82 bB	-
	Level 2	70.22 cA	57.27 aB	34.84 aD	46.29 aC	-
	Coefficient of variation		39.39%
SAP	No drying	389.04	33.34	12.45	18.04	113.22 c
	Level 1	401.47	39.62	19.79	20.27	120.29 b
	Level 2	399.35	53.23	41.19	27.68	130.36 a
	Means	396.62 A	42.06 B	24.48 C	22.00 D	-
	Coefficient of variation		17.13%
PAR	No drying	440.32	37.34	88.31	50.23	154.05 a
	Level 1	364.24	35.84	35.47	36.92	118.12 c
	Level 2	419.89	62.04	58.33	73.97	153.56 b
	Means	408.15 A	45.08 D	60.70 B	53.71 C	-
	Coefficient of variation		19.97%
		Respiratory quotient (CO₂.O₂ ^-1)
RIB	No drying	1.00 cC	0.72 cD	1.18 aA	1.04 aB	-
	Level 1	1.20 bB	1.41 aA	1.09 bC	1.03 bD	-
	Level 2	1.28 aB	1.29 bA	1.08 cC	1.01 cD	-
	Coefficient of variation		18.68%
PIR	No drying	0.75 cC	0.63 cD	0.93 cA	0.79 bB	-
	Level 1	1.00 bB	1.39 bA	0.99 bC	0.94 aD	-
	Level 2	1.75 aB	2.25 aA	1.41 aC	0.70 cD	-
	Coefficient of variation		31.02%
SAP	No drying	2.84	2.03	1.06	1.18	1.78 a
	Level 1	2.72	1.78	1.09	1.47	1.77 b
	Level 2	2.20	2.08	1.34	1.34	1.74 c
	Means	2.59 A	1.96 B	1.16 D	1.33 C	-
	Coefficient of variation		28.48%
PAR	No drying	0.84	0.57	0.67	0.65	0.68 b
	Level 1	0.71	0.65	0.71	0.52	0.65 c
	Level 2	0.80	0.60	0.74	0.72	0.72 a
	Means	0.78 A	0.61 D	0.71 B	0.63 C	-
	Coefficient of variation		32.81%

ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: cjbarbedo@yahoo.com.br

	│Ψ│	G	NS	EC
	Embryos incubated at -4 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.70^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.67^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.69^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		0.79^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.76^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.78^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.97^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.99^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.95^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
	Embryos incubated at -2 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.34^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.49^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.76^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		-0.19^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.34^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.73^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.76^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.38^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.56^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
	Embryos incubated at 2 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.27^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.42^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.16^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		-0.19^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.32^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.08^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.86^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.70^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.64^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
	Embryos incubated at 5 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.60^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.65^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.52^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		-0.53^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.57^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.53^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.99^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.33^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.36^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.