Germination and regeneration of <i>Eugenia involucrata</i> (Myrtaceae) seeds correlated with reactive oxygen species

Seeds of the genus Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) have interesting propagation strategies, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to be related to their germination and seedling production. In this study, the effects of ROS on the germination of E. involucrata seeds were analyzed indirectly, with the application of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. The results demonstrated that the incubation in NAC suppressed and/or delayed the germination of the seeds, as well as the regeneration of roots and aerial parts. The higher the concentration of NAC, the greater the effects on seed germination and regeneration.

Index terms:
inhibition of germination; recalcitrant seeds; ROS; tropical species

Authorship

Isabela Pedroni Amorim

Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo - SP, Brasil.Instituto de Pesquisas AmbientaisBrasilSão Paulo, SP, BrasilInstituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo - SP, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-5652

João Paulo Naldi Silva

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-955X

Claudio José Barbedo ^* *Corresponding author cbarbedo@sp.gov.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-7495

*Corresponding author
cbarbedo@sp.gov.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (5)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Fruits and seeds of Eugenia involucrata. A: ripe fruits and seeds used in the experiments; B: seed cut longitudinally into two similar parts. Scale = 1 cm.

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Figure 2
Percentage of seeds with root formation (black columns) and normal seedlings (gray columns) of Eugenia involucrata seeds without storage (NST) or stored for 60 (SS60) and 120 (SS120) days, incubated in water (0) and in NAC solutions of 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM. Equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey test at 5% probability level (lowercase for drying and uppercase for reagent concentration). Coefficients of variation: for NST, 7.94%, 11.24% (intact), 29.00% and 31.62% (fractionated of NST), respectively, root formation and normal seedlings; for SS60, 19.53%, 23.88% (intact), 16.85% and 24.89% (fractionated); for SS120, 19.70%, 40.0% (intact), 32.12% and 20.31% (fractionated).

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Figure 3
Mean germination time (MGT) of intact (black columns) and fractionated (gray columns) Eugenia involucrata seeds incubated in water and in NAC solutions of 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM. Columns with the same letter do not differ from each other (Tukey, 5%) in the comparison between NAC concentrations for moist or dry and for intact or fractionated. Columns with (*) do not differ from each other (Tukey, 5%) in comparisons between intact and fractionated. Columns with (+) do not differ from each other in the comparison between moist and dry. Coefficients of variation: 33.66% for intact and 28.14% for fractionated.

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Figure 4
Quantification of H₂O₂ (µmol H₂O₂.gFM^-1) in Eugenia involucrata seeds, incubated in water and in NAC solution of 200 mM. Columns with the same letter do not differ from each other (Tukey, 5%). Coefficient of variation: 38.67%.

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Figure 5
Proposal of the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant systems (AOSs) and germination inhibitors (GIs) in seeds and fractions of seeds of Eugenia involucrata according to the applied treatments and the germination stage. ↔: normal levels; ↑: high levels; ↑↑: very high levels; ↓: low levels.

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Table 1
Water content (in %), dry mass content (DM, in g.seed^-1) and germination (G, in %) of Eugenia involucrata seeds (without fractionation or incubation) without storage (NST) or stored for 60 (SS60) or 120 (SS120) days. Equal letters in the columns do not differ from each other by Tukey test at 5% probability level.

Figure 1 Fruits and seeds of Eugenia involucrata. A: ripe fruits and seeds used in the experiments; B: seed cut longitudinally into two similar parts. Scale = 1 cm.

Figure 2 Percentage of seeds with root formation (black columns) and normal seedlings (gray columns) of Eugenia involucrata seeds without storage (NST) or stored for 60 (SS60) and 120 (SS120) days, incubated in water (0) and in NAC solutions of 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM. Equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey test at 5% probability level (lowercase for drying and uppercase for reagent concentration). Coefficients of variation: for NST, 7.94%, 11.24% (intact), 29.00% and 31.62% (fractionated of NST), respectively, root formation and normal seedlings; for SS60, 19.53%, 23.88% (intact), 16.85% and 24.89% (fractionated); for SS120, 19.70%, 40.0% (intact), 32.12% and 20.31% (fractionated).

Figure 3 Mean germination time (MGT) of intact (black columns) and fractionated (gray columns) Eugenia involucrata seeds incubated in water and in NAC solutions of 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM. Columns with the same letter do not differ from each other (Tukey, 5%) in the comparison between NAC concentrations for moist or dry and for intact or fractionated. Columns with (*) do not differ from each other (Tukey, 5%) in comparisons between intact and fractionated. Columns with (+) do not differ from each other in the comparison between moist and dry. Coefficients of variation: 33.66% for intact and 28.14% for fractionated.

Figure 4 Quantification of H₂O₂ (µmol H₂O₂.gFM^-1) in Eugenia involucrata seeds, incubated in water and in NAC solution of 200 mM. Columns with the same letter do not differ from each other (Tukey, 5%). Coefficient of variation: 38.67%.

Figure 5 Proposal of the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant systems (AOSs) and germination inhibitors (GIs) in seeds and fractions of seeds of Eugenia involucrata according to the applied treatments and the germination stage. ↔: normal levels; ↑: high levels; ↑↑: very high levels; ↓: low levels.

Table 1 Water content (in %), dry mass content (DM, in g.seed^-1) and germination (G, in %) of Eugenia involucrata seeds (without fractionation or incubation) without storage (NST) or stored for 60 (SS60) or 120 (SS120) days. Equal letters in the columns do not differ from each other by Tukey test at 5% probability level.

Storage	Water content	DM	G
NST	62 a	0.11 a	94 a
SS60	59 a	0.11 a	87 a
SS120	62 a	0.13 a	60 b

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Germination and regeneration of <i>Eugenia involucrata</i> (Myrtaceae) seeds correlated with reactive oxygen species

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[1] *Corresponding author
cbarbedo@sp.gov.br