Seed pathology of non-domesticated species of tropical ecosystems

Martins, Rayana de Sá; Santos Junior, Nelson Augustos dos; Barbedo, Claudio José

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v44262592

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REVIEW • J. Seed Sci. 44 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v44262592 linkcopy

Seed pathology of non-domesticated species of tropical ecosystems

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Seed pathology is an area of study that began in the last century and has been developing since then, with increasing contribution especially to agricultural production systems. However, in the environmental area, studies began much later, but showed equal importance, especially for plant restoration and germplasm conservation programs. In this review, information about the knowledge on the pathology of seeds of non-domesticated species from tropical ecosystems is presented and the benefits and gaps of these studies are discussed.

Index terms: forest seeds; seed-borne diseases; wild species

Authorship

Rayana de Sá Martins ^**Corresponding author E-mail: rayanamartins@gmail.com

Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade, 04301-012 - São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Instituto de Pesquisas AmbientaisBrasilSão Paulo, SP, BrasilInstituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade, 04301-012 - São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6105-9001

Nelson Augustos dos Santos Junior

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-2350

Claudio José Barbedo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-7495

*Corresponding author E-mail: rayanamartins@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Mechanisms and sources of inoculum of fungi in seeds. Seeds acquire their microbiota (1) while they are still attached to the parent plant, during fruit development, (2) in the soil, after the dispersal of the seeds, and (3) by animal vectors, which may occur in an endophytic manner, without causing damage to the seed, in a saprophytic manner, absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter and/or decomposition, and in a pathogenic manner, causing damage to the seed.

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Figure 2
Frequency (%) of each genus of fungus relative to all fungal genera found in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022.

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Figure 3
Frequency (%) of each genus of fungus relative to the main fungal genera found in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022.

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Figure 4
Number of plant species in which each genus of fungus was found, in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022.

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Figure 5
Number of fungal species reported for each genus of fungus, in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022.

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Figure 6
Frequency of occurrence (%) of each genus of fungus in the plant species, in the bibliographic survey conducted from 2012 to 2022.

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Table 1
Fungi identified in seeds of native forest species of tropical ecosystems, in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022.

imageFigure 1 Mechanisms and sources of inoculum of fungi in seeds. Seeds acquire their microbiota (1) while they are still attached to the parent plant, during fruit development, (2) in the soil, after the dispersal of the seeds, and (3) by animal vectors, which may occur in an endophytic manner, without causing damage to the seed, in a saprophytic manner, absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter and/or decomposition, and in a pathogenic manner, causing damage to the seed. open_in_new

imageFigure 2 Frequency (%) of each genus of fungus relative to all fungal genera found in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. open_in_new

imageFigure 3 Frequency (%) of each genus of fungus relative to the main fungal genera found in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. open_in_new

imageFigure 4 Number of plant species in which each genus of fungus was found, in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. open_in_new

imageFigure 5 Number of fungal species reported for each genus of fungus, in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. open_in_new

imageFigure 6 Frequency of occurrence (%) of each genus of fungus in the plant species, in the bibliographic survey conducted from 2012 to 2022. open_in_new

table_chartTable 1 Fungi identified in seeds of native forest species of tropical ecosystems, in the bibliographic survey conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022.

Botanical family	Country	Fungi found	References
Host	Country	Fungi found	References
Anacardiaceae
Lithraea brasiliensis	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., Trichoderma sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Myracrodruon urundeuva	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Epicoccum sp., Exserohilum sp., Fusarium sp., Macrophomina sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Trichoderma sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Astronium graveolens	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cylindrocladium sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp., Stemphylium sp., Trichoderma sp.	Bernardi et al. (2020)
Schinopsis brasiliensis	BR	Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucous, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia sp.	Andrade et al. (2021)
Annonaceae
Annona muricata	BR	Fusarium sp., Lasiodiplodia theobroma, Penicilium sp., Rhizopus sp.	Santos et al. (2020)
Apiaceae
Heracleum sphondylium	FR	Diaporthe angelicae, Diaporthe subordinaria	Gomes et al. (2013)
Apocynaceae
Aspidosperma polyneuron	BR	Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium pseudocircinatum, Fusarium subglutinans	Mazarotto et al. (2020)
Arecaceae
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana	AU	Penicillium coccotrypicola	Crous et al. (2014)
Euterpe globosa	US	Xylaria palmicola	Ju et al. (2018)
Asteraceae
Cosmos	NL	Colletotrichum cosmi	Damm et al. (2012)
Silybum marianum	US	Alternaria eichhorniae, Diaporthe cotoneastri	Raja et al. (2015)
Botanical family	Country	Fungi found	References
Host	Country	Fungi found	References
Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia impetiginosa	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Epicoccum sp., Exserohilum sp., Fusarium sp., Macrophomina sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Rhizopus sp., Stemphylium sp., Trichoderma sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Boraginaceae
Cordia trichotoma	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Bipolaris sp., Botrytis sp., Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cylindrocladium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp., Stemphylium sp., Verticillium sp.	Bernardi et al. (2020)
Brassicaceae
Arabidopsis thaliana	DE	Aureobasidium sp., Coniothyrium sp., Gaeumannomyces graminis, Microdochium sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., Pleurocytospora lycii, Torula herbarum	Junker et al. (2012)
Capparidaceae
Crataeva tapia	BR	Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp.	Oliveira et al. (2017)
Dipterocarpaceae
Shorea obtusa	TH	Pestalotiopsis shoreae	Song et al. (2014)
Fabaceae
Acacia mangium	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Bauhinia forficata	BR	Alternaria sp., Ascotricha chartarum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Bipolaris sp., Botrytis sp., Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cylindrocladium sp., Fusarium sp., Gibberella sp., Penicillium sp., Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Penicillium corylophilum, Penicillium glabrum, Pestalotia sp., Phomopsis sp., Pithomyces atro-olivaceus, Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp., Stemphylium sp., Verticillium sp.	Bernardi et al. (2020); Bezerra et al. (2015)
Dalbergia nigra	BR	Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Epicoccum sp., Macrophomina sp., Penicillium sp., Phomopsis sp., Trichoderma sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Fabaceae
Dalbergia sissoo	IN	Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus phoenicis, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus terreus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum sp., Helminthosporium sp., Neocosmospora solani, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium glabrum, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichothecium roseum, Trichoderma viride, Vuilleminia comedens	Kumar (2014); Naz et al. (2015)
Erythrina falcata	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp.	Carmo et al. (2017)
Inga vera	BR	Acremonium curvulum, Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis diachenii	Parisi et al. (2016)
Leucaena leucocephala	BR	Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Lonchocarpus	BR	Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp.	Carmo et al. (2017)
Machaerium villosum	BR	Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Piptadenia gonoacantha	BR	Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phomopsis sp., Rhizopus sp.	Carmo et al. (2017)
Lauraceae
Chlorocardium rodiei	GY	Xylaria karyophthora	Husbands et al. (2018)
Malvaceae
Apeiba tibourbou	BR	Alternaria sp., Exserohilum sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Stemphylium sp., Trichoderma sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Luehea divaricata	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Epicoccum sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Rhizopus sp., Torula sp., Trichothecium sp.	Carmo et al. (2017); Quevedo et al. (2020)
Meliaceae
Cedrela fissilis	BR	Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Macrophomina sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Dysoxylum malabaricum	IN	Penicilliopsis indica	Priya and Nagveni (2012)
Botanical family	Country	Fungi found	References
Host	Country	Fungi found	References
Musaceae
Musa	VN/MY	Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Lasiodiplodia sp.	Hill et al. (2021)
Myrtaceae
Acca sellowiana	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia sp., Epicoccum sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Phomopsis sp., Trichoderma sp.	Fantinel et al. (2017); Saldanha et al. (2020)
Eucalyptus citriodora	BR	Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Eucalyptus grandis	ZA	Alternaria sp., Austropleospora keteleeriae, Bipolaris sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Cercospora sp., Cladosporium sp., Cochliobolus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curreya sp., Curvularia sp., Davidiella sp., Diaporthe sp., Exophiala sp., Fusarium sp., Hormonema sp., Lasiodiplodia sp., Macrophomina sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum, Neonectria sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Pleosporales sp., Sporobolomyces sp., Sydowia sp., Teratosphaeria zuluensis, Trichosporon sp., Umbelopsis sp., Valsa sp.	Jimu et al. (2016)
Eugenia brasiliensis	BR	Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp.	Françoso and Barbedo (2014); Françoso and Barbedo (2016)
Eugenia dysenterica	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp.	Bruschet et al. (2022)
Eugenia pyriformis	BR	Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp.	Françoso and Barbedo (2016)
Eugenia uniflora	BR	Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp.	Françoso and Barbedo (2014)
Psidium cattleyanum	BR	Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Gliocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp.	Carmo et al. (2017)
Onagraceae
Clarkia hybrida	DK	Colletotrichum godetiae	Damm et al. (2012)
Pinaceae
Pinnus elliottii	BR	Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Pinnus taeda	BR	Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp.	Vechiato and Parisi (2013)
Plantaginaceae
Plantago lanceolata	NZ	Diaporthe subordinaria	Gomes et al. (2013)
Poaceae
Phyllostachys edulis	CN	Alternaria sp., Arthrinium sp., Aureobasidium sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Leptosphaerulina sp., Microdochium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma sp., Sebacina sp., Shiraia sp., Simplicillium sp., Umbelopsis sp., Xylaria sp.	Shen et al. (2014)
Poa annua	US	Epicoccum poae	Chen et al. (2017)
Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus joazeiro	BR	Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp.	Oliveira et al. (2017)
Sapindaceae
Dodonea viscosa	BR	Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp.	Carmo et al. (2017)
Magona pubescens	BR	Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Periconia sp., Trichoderma sp.,	Bruschet et al. (2022)
Paullinia cupana	BR	Diaporthe hongkongensis, Diaporthe melonis, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diaporthe terebinthifolii, Fomitopsis meliae, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium polyphialidicum, Gibberella zeae, Glomerella acutata, Mariannaea camptospora, Mycoleptodiscus terretris, Nectria rigidiuscula, Nigrograna mackinnonii, Paraphaeosphaeria arecacearum, Periconia macrospinosa, Pestalotiopsis microspora, Peyronellaea pinodella, Phomopsis asparagi, Phomopsis lagerstroemiae, Pochonia boninensis, Trichoderma harzianum, Xylogone ganodermophthora	Azevedo et al. (2018)

*AU = Australia; BR = Brazil; CN = China; DE = Germany; DK = Denmark; FR = France; GY = Guyana; MY = Malaysia; IN = India; NL = Netherlands; NZ = New Zealand; TH = Thailand; US = United States; VN = Vietnam; ZA = South Africa.

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