Potencial fisiológico de sementes de feijão-vagem tratadas com Bacillus subtilis

Ibanhes Neto, Helio Fernandes; Silva, Ananda Covre da; Sumida, Ciro Hideki; Gouveia, Marjori dos Santos; Pellizzaro, Verônica; Takahashi, Lúcia Sadayo Assari

Resumo:

A associação de microrganismos benéficos com sementes de feijão-vagem, pode acelerar o estabelecimento da cultura a campo. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influência de tipos de tratamentos de sementes com diferentes doses de Bacillus subtilis sobre potencial fisiológico de feijão-vagem. Utilizou-se sementes de feijão-vagem da cultivar Macarrão Baixo. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial duplo (4 x 4 + 1) teve no fator A os quatro tipos de tratamentos de sementes: Peliculização (PC), Peliculização com Secagem (PCS), Pré-Embebição (PE), Biopriming (BP); e no fator B quatro doses de B. subtilis: 0; 7; 14 e 28 mL de produto comercial.kg de semente^-1, e uma testemunha absoluta sem tratamentos (4 x 4 + 1). Realizou-se os seguintes testes: grau de umidade, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, comprimento de plântulas, massa fresca e seca de plântulas, velocidade de emergência e emergência de plântulas. Os tratamentos não prejudicaram a viabilidade. O vigor foi beneficiado com uso de PE e doses entre 16 e 20 mL de p.c..kg de semente^-1, e prejudicado pelo uso da peliculização. O destaque de PE e BP se mantém em relação à testemunha absoluta. A PE e BP associados com B. subtilis favorecem características como comprimento, massa e número de raízes secundárias de feijão-vagem.

Termos para indexação:
Phaseolus vulgaris L.; condicionamento fisiológico; microbiolização; rizobactérias; emergência

[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: helioibanhes@hotmail.com

	Initial	After treatment	After drying
	(%)
PC¹ 1 PC: Pelliculation; PCD: Pelliculation with Drying; PI: Pre-imbibition and BP: Biopriming.	11.32	20.08	-
PCD		24.80	11.52
PI		34.24	-
BP		35.61	11.77

	Source of variation	Seed treatment	Dose	Treatment x Dose	Residue	CV (%)	Overall mean
DF		3	3	9	48
MS	NS	120.42	48.25	31.31	51.08	11.92	59.94
	AS	46.75	53.75	45.78	54.46	22.93	32.19
	NGS	36.17	46.17	24.17	24.88	63.33	7.88
	EC	24750.36^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	173.67	154.09	136.61	8.98	130.11
	FGC	231.68^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	75.43	65.15	51.79	12.36	58.23
	RL	2422.86^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	204.02	240.66	126.64	14.23	79.10
	SL	1904.12^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	65.22	303.26^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	62.46	13.87	57.00
	NR	211.38^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	13.08^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	22.21^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	3.74	15.66	12.34
	RFW	2710.45^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	162.61	319.12^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	126.29	14.11	79.64
	SFW	199015.99^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	14777.39	21234.04^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	6615.77	15.38	528.87
	RDW	5.46^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	0.88	0.99^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	0.34	10.32	5.79
	SDW	474.38^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	127.02^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	746.94^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	737.84	15.48	25.33
	ESI	155.62^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	133.59	53.95	31.50	13.39	41.90
	FE	382.06^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test. DF: Degrees of freedom; MS: Mean square; NS: Normal seedlings; AS: Abnormal seedlings; NGS: Non-germinated seeds; EC: Electrical conductivity; FGC: First germination count; RL: Root length; SL: Shoot length; NR: Number of roots; RFW: Root fresh weight; SFW: Shoot fresh weight; RDW: Root dry weight; SDW: Shoot dry weight; ESI: Emergence speed index; FE: Final emergence.	48.40	49.73	60.81	9.93	78.53

Doses (mL cp.kg seed^-1)
		0	7	14	28			0	7	14	28
SL	PC¹ 1 PC: Pelliculation; PCD: pelliculation with drying; PI: Pre-imbibition and BP: Biopriming.	53.5 bc^* * Means followed by different letters in the column are significant at 5% probability by Tukey’s test.	62.3 ab	55.2 a	47.0 b	SFW	PC	469.9 a	305.9 c	429.4 c	353.8 b
	PCD	39.0 c	45.7 c	37.1 b	83.5 a		PCD	555.8 a	504.5 b	535.6 bc	530.2 a
	PI	71.6 a	71.6 a	56.3 a	58.2 b		PI	531.1 a	744.6 a	719.8 a	650.4 a
	BP	54.7 b	54.5 bc	60.1 a	61.3 b		BP	440.3 a	523.7 b	597.2 ab	574.9 a
NR	PC	13.2 a	10.4 b	11.9 b	9.3 b	RDW	PC	5.5 a	4.4 b	5.6 a	4.3 b
	PCD	9.5 b	8.5 b	11.0 b	9.6 b		PCD	5.5 a	5.4 b	5.9 a	5.6 a
	PI	12.8 ab	22.1 a	18.4 a	17.5 a		PI	5.6 a	6.6 a	6.2 a	6.1 a
	BP	9.2 b	11.5 b	10.7 b	11.9 b		BP	5.4 a	6.6 a	6.6 a	6.4 a
RFW	PC	73.8 a	51.5 b	65.9 b	50.9 b	SDW	PC	22.3 ab	15.4 c	21.8 b	16.5 b
	PCD	82.6 a	79.0 a	86.4 ab	81.6 a		PCD	25.5 a	20.3 bc	22.8 b	28.4 a
	PI	72.7 a	90.4 a	91.1 a	90.2 a		PI	25.2 a	33.7 a	36.0 a	33.9 a
	BP	78.0 a	93.5 a	93.4 a	93.2 a		BP	17.2 b	23.8 b	31.5 a	31.3 a

		Variables	R²	Maximum dose (mL.kg seed^-1)	Maximum Effect
SL	PC	$Ŷ = - 0.46 x + 49.51$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	54.38	0.0	49.5
	PCD	$Ŷ = 57.9$	-	-	57.9
	PI	$Ŷ = - 0.08 x 2 + 2.51 x + 59.14$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	53.33	16.7	80.0
	BP	$Ŷ = 55.71$	-	-	55.7
NR	PC	$Ŷ = - 0.11 x + 12.58$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	63.24	0.0	12.6
	PCD	$Ŷ = 9.7$	-	-	9.7
	PI	$Ŷ = - 0.03 x 2 + 0.87 x + 14.03$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	53.33	16.0	21.0
	BP	$Ŷ = 10.8$	-	-	10.8
RFW	PC	$Ŷ = 60.5$	-	-	60.5
	PCD	$Ŷ = 82.4$	-	-	82.4
	PI	$Ŷ = 0.61 x + 79.35$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	59.34	28.0	93.2
	BP	$Ŷ = 88.8$	-	-	88.8
SFW	PC	$Ŷ = 388.5$	-	-	388.5
	PCD	$Ŷ = 531.5$	-	-	531.5
	PI	$Ŷ = - 0.82 x 2 + 26.30 x + 550.08$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	83.98	16.1	760.8
	BP	$Ŷ = - 0.42 x 2 + 16.89 x + 436.45$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	98.79	19.7	602.7
RDW	PC	$Ŷ = 5.0$	-	-	5.0
	PCD	$Ŷ = 5.7$	-	-	5.7
	PI	$Ŷ = 6.2$	-	-	6.2
	BP	$Ŷ = - 0.01 x 2 + 0.14 x + 5.56$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	89.87	17.9	6.9
SDW	PC	$Ŷ = 18.0$	-	-	18.0
	PCD	$Ŷ = 0.03 x 2 + 0.60 x + 24.86$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	87.32	28.0	28.4
	PI	$Ŷ = - 0.04 x 2 + 1.30 x + 25.53$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	98.24	18.1	37.2
	BP	$Ŷ = - 0.033 x 2 + 1.44 x + 16.67$ ^* * Significant at 5% by Tukey’s test.	97.68	22.1	32.6

Treatment	PC	PCD	PI	BP
NS	58.25	57.38	63.50	60.63
AS	32.00	34.50	30.38	31.38
NGS	9.75	8.13	6.13	7.50
EC	137.52 b	174.27 a	78.77 c	129.88 b
FGC	58.00 ab	53.38 b	62.63 a	58.94 ab
RL	68.68 b	72.23 b	96.38 a	79.12 b
SL	43.88 c	57.91 b	70.50 a	55.71 b
NR	11.19 b	9.66 b	17.71 a	10.81 b
RFW	60.53 b	82.40 a	86.86 a	88.76 a
SFW	388.51 c	531.5 b	661.46 a	534.02 b
RDW	5.01 c	5.67 b	6.19 ab	6.28 a
SDW	18.98 c	24.22 b	32.19 a	25.93 b
ESI	37.58 b	44.67 a	41.77 ab	43.60 a
FE	73.25 b	82.63 a	75.50 ab	82.75 a

Brasil

Brasil

Potencial fisiológico de sementes de feijão-vagem tratadas com Bacillus subtilis

Resumo:

	EC	FGC	RL	SL	NR	RFW	SFW	RDW	SDW	ESI	FE
Treat./Dose	Means
AC	129.92	61.5	64.88	49.45	10.4	57.7	446.45	4.97	23.17	39.73	75
	Estimates
PC/0.0	-3.15	-7	10.6	4.1	2.78^* * Significant at 5%.	16.11	18.45	0.62	-0.9	0.16	2.5
PC/7.0	2.01	1	5.1	12.9^* * Significant at 5%.	-0.03	-6.21	-140.54^* * Significant at 5%.	-0.5	-7.77^* * Significant at 5%.	-0.19	0.5
PC/14.0	9.64	-7	16.8	5.8	1.53	8.2	-17.06	0.64	-1.43	-4.39	-9
PC/28.0	21.89^* * Significant at 5%.	-1	6.6	-2.5	-1.1	-6.79	-92.62	-0.58	-6.66^* * Significant at 5%.	-4.17	-1
PCD/0.0	41.84^* * Significant at 5%.	-3	-7.1	-10.4	-0.88	24.87^* * Significant at 5%.	109.32	0.59	2.3	0.02	6
PCD/7.0	48.59^* * Significant at 5%.	-13	9.7	-3.7	-1.9	21.34^* * Significant at 5%.	58.02	0.5	-2.89	10.05^* * Significant at 5%.	11.50^* * Significant at 5%.
PCD/14.0	44.97^* * Significant at 5%.	-7	2	-12.4^* * Significant at 5%.	0.6	28.66^* * Significant at 5%.	89.11	1.00^* * Significant at 5%.	-0.39	1.08	4.5
PCD/28.0	41.97^* * Significant at 5%.	-10	43.3^* * Significant at 5%.	34.1^* * Significant at 5%.	-0.78	23.93^* * Significant at 5%.	83.76	0.71	5.18	8.60^* * Significant at 5%.	8.5
PI/0.0	-47.42^* * Significant at 5%.	2	35.0^* * Significant at 5%.	22.1^* * Significant at 5%.	2.4	15.02	84.67	0.71	2.05	-0.16	-2
PI/7.0	-57.25^* * Significant at 5%.	3	31.3^* * Significant at 5%.	22.2^* * Significant at 5%.	11.68^* * Significant at 5%.	32.67^* * Significant at 5%.	298.15^* * Significant at 5%.	1.71^* * Significant at 5%.	10.50^* * Significant at 5%.	2.87	-1
PI/14.0	-52.89^* * Significant at 5%.	-1	8	6.9	8.03^* * Significant at 5%.	33.41^* * Significant at 5%.	273.33^* * Significant at 5%.	1.29^* * Significant at 5%.	12.85^* * Significant at 5%.	2.3	4
PI/28.0	-47.06^* * Significant at 5%.	1	9.2	8.8	7.13^* * Significant at 5%.	35.53^* * Significant at 5%.	203.90^* * Significant at 5%.	1.21^* * Significant at 5%.	10.69^* * Significant at 5%.	3.15	1
BP/0.0	-0.65	2	7.2	5.3	-1.2	20.28^* * Significant at 5%.	-6.21	0.51	-5.99^* * Significant at 5%.	-3.1	4.5
BP/7.0	-3.35	-3	11.9	5.1	1.05	35.77^* * Significant at 5%.	77.26	1.63^* * Significant at 5%.	0.62	3.81	10.5
BP/14.0	2.91	-11	20.7^* * Significant at 5%.	10.6	0.3	35.70^* * Significant at 5%.	150.74^* * Significant at 5%.	1.64^* * Significant at 5%.	8.32^* * Significant at 5%.	3.53	6.5
BP/28.0	0.94	2	17.8^* * Significant at 5%.	11.8	1.5	32.49^* * Significant at 5%.	128.48^* * Significant at 5%.	1.48^* * Significant at 5%.	8.08^* * Significant at 5%.	11.23*	9.5