Guinea |
26 |
25 ml |
4 (15%) |
No |
Group 2 this study |
|
|
[10–60] |
|
|
|
Guinea |
17 |
40 mL |
3 (18%) |
No |
Group 3 this study |
|
|
[40–60] |
|
|
|
India |
28 |
150 mL |
0 |
VS |
[ 16Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Jindal SK. Low dose of
snake antivenom is as effective as high dose in patients with severe neurotoxic
snake envenoming. Emerg Med J. 2005;19(6):397–399. doi:
10.1136/emj.2004.020727. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.020727...
] |
India |
27 |
600 mL |
3 (11%) |
VS |
[ 16Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Jindal SK. Low dose of
snake antivenom is as effective as high dose in patients with severe neurotoxic
snake envenoming. Emerg Med J. 2005;19(6):397–399. doi:
10.1136/emj.2004.020727. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.020727...
] |
|
|
[300–1.600] |
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
87 |
> 100 mL |
5 (6%) |
VS |
[ 17Ariaratnam CA, Sheriff MH, Theakston RD, Warrell DA. Distinctive
epidemiologic and clinical features of common krait (Bungarus
caeruleus) bites in Sri Lanka. Am J Trop Med Hyg.
2008;19(3):458–462. ] |
|
|
[100–200] |
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
25 |
100 mL |
2 (8%)§
|
VS |
[ 18Kularatne SA, Budagoda BD, Gawarammana IB, Kularatne WK.
Epidemiology, clinical profile and management issues of cobra (Naja
naja) bites in Sri Lanka: first authenticated case series. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;19(9):924–930. doi:
10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04...
] |
|
|
[80–200] |
|
|
|
India |
37 |
150 mL |
11 (22%)*
|
VS; AC |
[ 19Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH. Envenoming by the common krait
(Bungarus caeruleus) and Asian cobra (Naja
naja): clinical manifestations and their management in a rural
setting. Wilderness Environ Med. 2004;19(4):257–266. doi:
10.1580/1080-6032(2004)0152.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2004)0...
] |
Taiwan |
22 |
30 mL |
0 |
VS |
[ 20Chieh-Fan C, Tzeng-Jih L, Wen-Chi H, Hua-Wei Y. Appropriate
antivenom doses for six types of envenomations caused by snakes in Taiwan. J
Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis.2009;19(3):479–490. ] |
|
|
[10–100] |
|
|
|
Papua New Guinea |
139 |
50 mL |
6 (4.3%) |
VS |
[ 13Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Korinhona A, Nwokolo N, Laurenson IF, Paul M.
Snake bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni):
paralysis, hemostatic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and effects of
antivenom. Am J Trop Med Hyg.1995;19(6):525–531. ] |
Papua New Guinea |
31 |
25 mL |
0 |
VS; AC |
[ 13Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Korinhona A, Nwokolo N, Laurenson IF, Paul M.
Snake bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni):
paralysis, hemostatic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and effects of
antivenom. Am J Trop Med Hyg.1995;19(6):525–531. ] |
India |
14 |
60 mL |
1 (7%) |
VS |
[ 21Paul V, Pratibha S, Prahlad KA, Earali J, Francis S, Lewis F.
High-dose anti-snake venom versus low-dose anti-snake venom in the treatment of
poisonous snake bites – a critical study. J Assoc Physicians India.
2004;19:14–17. ] |
India |
12 |
120 mL |
0 |
VS |
[ 21Paul V, Pratibha S, Prahlad KA, Earali J, Francis S, Lewis F.
High-dose anti-snake venom versus low-dose anti-snake venom in the treatment of
poisonous snake bites – a critical study. J Assoc Physicians India.
2004;19:14–17. ] |
Thailand |
68 |
100 mL |
0 |
VS |
[ 22Pochanugool C, Limthongkul S, Wilde H. Management of thai cobra
bites with a single bolus of antivenin. Wilderness Environ Med.
1997;19(1):20–23. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(1997)0082.3.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(1997)0...
] |
India |
86 |
510 mL |
3 (3.5%) |
VS |
[ 23Sharma N, Chauhan S, Faruqi S, Bhat P, Varma S. Snake envenomation
in a north Indian hospital. Emerg Med J. 2005;19(2):118–120. doi:
10.1136/emj.2003.008458. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2003.008458...
] |
|
|
[50–1900] |
|
|
|
Papua New Guinea |
156 |
50 mL |
3 (1.9%) |
VS |
[ 14Trevett AJ, Lalloo DG, Nwokolo NC, Naraqi S, Kevau IH, Theakston RD.
The efficacy of antivenom in the treatment of bites by the Papuan taipan
(Oxyuranus scutellatus canni)Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.
1995;19(3):322–325. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90562-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(95)905...
] |
Vietnam |
42 |
50 mL |
0 |
VS |
[ 24Trinh KX, Khac QL, Trinh LX, Warrell DA. Hyponatraemia,
rhabdomyolysis, alterations in blood pressure and persistent mydriasis in
patients envenomed by Malayan kraits (Bungarus candidus) in
southern Viet Nam. Toxicon. 2010;19(6):1070–1075. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.06.026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.0...
] |
|
|
[50–100] |
|
|
|
Thailand |
85 |
40 mL |
1 (1%) |
VS |
[ 25Wongtongkam N, Wilde H, Sitthi-Amorn C, Ratanabanangkoon K. A study
of Thai cobra (Naja kaouthia) bites in Thailand. Mil Med.
2005;19(4):336–341. ] |
|
|
[10–200] |
|
|
|