Antitumor activity |
PcTx-1 |
Psalmopoeus cambridgei
|
40 |
malignant glioma cells |
elevation of CKI proteins by activating ERK1/2 after inhibiting the ASIC |
[2929. Bubien JK, Ji HL, Gillespie GY, Fuller CM, Markert JM, Mapstone TB, et al. Cation selectivity and inhibition of malignant glioma Na+ channels by Psalmotoxin 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287(5):C1282-91.-3232. Rooj AK, McNicholas CM, Bartoszewski R, Bebok Z, Benos DJ, Fuller CM. Glioma-specific cation conductance regulates migration and cell cycle progression. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(6):4053-65.] |
Lycosin-I |
Lycosa singoriensis
|
24 |
Hela, A549, H1299, HT1080 HepG2, DU145, HCT116 JB6 epidermal cells |
elevation of CKI proteins and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway |
[3535. Liu Z, Deng M, Xiang J, Ma H, Hu W, Zhao Y, et al. A novel spider peptide toxin suppresses tumor growth through dual signaling pathways. Curr Mol Med. 2012;12(10):1350-60.] |
Latarcin 2a |
Lachesana tarabaevi
|
26 |
K562 cells |
inactivation of mitochondria and intracellular high osmotic pressure by entry and internalization of latarcin2a |
[3838. Vorontsova OV, Egorova NS, Arseniev AS, Feofanov AV. Haemolytic and cytotoxic action of latarcin Ltc2a. Biochimie. 2011;93(2):227-41., 3939. Dubovskii PV, Vassilevski AA, Kozlov SA, Feofanov AV, Grishin EV, Efremov RG. Latarcins: versatile spider venom peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015;72(23):4501-22.] |
Antinocic-eptive activity |
HWTX-XVI |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
39 |
N-type VGCCs |
inflammatory, mechanical and thermal pain |
[4949.Deng M, Luo X, Xiao Y, Sun Z, Jiang L, Liu Z,et al. Huwentoxin-XVI, an analgesic, highly reversible mammalian N-type calcium channel antagonist from Chinese tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena. Neuropharmacology. 2014;79:657-67.] |
Tx3-6 |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
55 |
N-type VGCCs TRPA1 channel |
inflammatory, neuropathic, cancer-related pain mechanical, cold and spontaneous nociception |
[5858. de Souza AH, Lima MC, Drewes CC, da Silva JF, Torres KCL, Pereira EMR, et al. Antiallodynic effect and side effects of Phα1β, a neurotoxin from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer: comparison with ω-conotoxin MVIIA and morphine. Toxicon. 2011;58(8):626-33., 5959. Rigo FK, Trevisan G, Rosa F, Dalmolin GD, Otuki MF, Cueto AP, et al. Spider peptide Phalpha1beta induces analgesic effect in a model of cancer pain. Cancer Sci. 2013;104(9):1226-30.] [6363. Tonello R, Fusi C, Materazzi S, Marone IM, de Logu F, Benemei S, et al. The peptide Phα1β, from spider venom, acts as a TRPA1 channel antagonist with antinociceptive effects in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;174(1):57-69.] |
Tx3-5 |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
45 |
L-type VGCCs |
mechanical and cancer-related pain |
[5757. Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Trevisan G, Villarinho JG, Cordeiro MN, Richardson M, et al. Antinociceptive effect of a novel armed spider peptide Tx3-5 in pathological pain models in mice. Pflugers Arch. 2016;468(5):881-94., 6464. Rigo FK, Dalmolin GD, Trevisan G, Tonello R, Silva MA, Rossato MF, et al. Effect of omega-conotoxin MVIIA and Phalpha1beta on paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013;114-115:16-22.] |
Tx3-3 |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
34 |
P/Q- and R-type VGCCs |
neuropathic pain |
[7070. Dalmolin GD, Silva CR, Rigo FK, Gomes GM, Cordeiro M do N, Richardson M, et al. Antinociceptive effect of Brazilian armed spider venom toxin Tx3-3 in animal models of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2011;152(10):2224-32.,7171. Dalmolin GD, Bannister K, Gonçalves L, Sikandar S, Patel R, Cordeiro MDN, et al. Effect of the spider toxin Tx3-3 on spinal processing of sensory information in naive and neuropathic rats: an in vivo electrophysiological study. Pain Rep. 2017;2(4):e610.] |
HNTX-IV |
Ornithoctonus hainana
|
35 |
Nav1.7 channel |
inflammatory and neuropathic pain |
[7979. Liu Y, Tang J, Zhang Y, Xun X, Tang D, Peng D, et al.Synthesis and analgesic effects of μ-TRTX-Hhn1b on models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Toxins. (Basel) 2014;6(8):2363-78.] |
HWTX-IV |
Ornithoctonus huwena
|
35 |
Nav1.7 channel |
inflammatory and neuropathic pain |
[8484. Liu Y, Wu Z, Tang D, Xun X, Liu L, Li X, et al. Analgesic effects of Huwentoxin-IV on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Protein Pept Lett. 2014;21(2):153-8.] |
ProTX-II |
Thrixopelma pruriens
|
30 |
Nav1.7 channel |
inflammatory and neuropathic pain |
[77. Flinspach M, Xu Q, Piekarz AD, Fellows R, Hagan R, Gibbs A, et al. Insensitivity to pain induced by a potent selective closed-state Nav1.7 inhibitor. Sci Rep. 2017;(39662)., 4848. Mantyh PW, Clohisy DR, Koltzenburg M, Hunt SP. Molecular mechanisms of cancer pain. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2(3):201-9., 8989. Li Y, North RY, Rhines LD, Tatsui CE, Rao G, Edwards DD, et al. DRG voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 is upregulated in paclitaxel-induced neuropathy in rats and in humans with neuropathic pain. J Neurosci. 2018;38(5):1124-36.] |
PcTx1 |
Psalmopoeus cambridgei
|
40 |
ASIC1a channels |
thermal, mechanical, chemical, inflammatory and neuropathic pain |
[103103. Deval E, Gasull X, Noël J, Salinas M, Baron A, Diochot S, et al. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs): pharmacology and implication in pain. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;128(3):549-58., 104104. Mazzuca M, Heurteaux C, Alloui A, Diochot S, Baron A, Voilley N, et al. A tarantula peptide against pain via ASIC1a channels and opioid mechanisms. Nat Neurosci. 2007;10(8):943-5.] |
PnPP-19 |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
19 |
opioid, cannabinoid receptors NO/cGMP/KATP
|
inflammatory pain |
[118118. Freitas AC, Pacheco DF, Machado MF, Carmona AK, Duarte ID, de Lima ME. PnPP-19, a spider toxin peptide, induces peripheral antinociception through opioid and cannabinoid receptors and inhibition of neutral endopeptidase. Br J Pharmacol. 2016;173(9):1491-501., 119119. da Fonseca Pacheco D, Freitas AC, Pimenta AM, Duarte ID, de Lima ME. A spider derived peptide, PnPP-19, induces central antinociception mediated by opioid and cannabinoid systems. J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis. 2016;22:34. doi: 10.1186/s40409-016-0091-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-016-0091-...
] [120120. Freitas AC, Silva GC, Pacheco DF, Pimenta AM, Lemos VS, Duarte ID, et al. The synthetic peptide PnPP-19 induces peripheral antinociception via activation of NO/cGMP/KATP pathway: Role of eNOS and nNOS. Nitric oxide. 2017;64:31-8.] |
δ-CNTX-Pn1a |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
48 |
opioid, cannabinoid receptors |
inflammatory and neuropathic pain |
[122122. Emerich BL, Ferreira RCM, Cordeiro MN, Borges MH, Pimenta AM, Figueiredo SG, et al. delta-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a, a peptide from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom, shows antinociceptive effect involving opioid and cannabinoid systems, in rats. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(4):106.] |
Tx3-1 |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
41 |
cholinergic system |
neuropathic pain |
[123123. Rigo FK, Rossato MF, Trevisan G, De Prá SD, Ineu RP, Duarte MB, et al. PhKv a toxin isolated from the spider venom induces antinociception by inhibition of cholinesterase activating cholinergic system. Scand J Pain. 2017;17:203-10.] |
PT1 |
Geolycosa sp
|
35 |
P2X3 receptor |
inflammatory pain |
[124124. Grishin EV, Savchenko GA, Vassilevski AA, Korolkova YV, Boychuk YA, Viatchenko-Karpinski VY, et al. Novel peptide from spider venom inhibits P2X3 receptors and inflammatory pain. Ann Neurol. 2010;67(5):680-3.] |