Ts1 |
Nav |
Shifts the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials |
[2727. Sampaio SV, Arantes EC, Prado WA, Riccioppo Neto F, Giglio JR. Further characterization of toxins T1IV (TsTX-III) and T2IV from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. Toxicon . 1991;29(6):663-72. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90058-y. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(91)900...
] |
Ts2 |
Nav |
Inhibit the inactivation of the activated channels, blocking neuronal transmission; induces macrophage activation and production of immune mediators |
[2727. Sampaio SV, Arantes EC, Prado WA, Riccioppo Neto F, Giglio JR. Further characterization of toxins T1IV (TsTX-III) and T2IV from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. Toxicon . 1991;29(6):663-72. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90058-y. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(91)900...
,2828. Zoccal KF, Bitencourt CS, Secatto A, Sorgi CA, Bordon KCF, Sampaio SV, Arantes EC, Faccioli LH. Tityus serrulatus venom and toxins Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6 induce macrophage activation and production of immune mediators. Toxicon . 2011 Jun;57(7-8):1101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.04.017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.0...
] |
Ts3 |
Nav |
Inhibit inactivation of the activated channels, blocking neuronal transmission |
[2929. Kirsch GE, Skattebøl A, Possani LD, Brown AM. Modification of Na channel gating by an alpha scorpion toxin from Tityus serrulatus. J Gen Physiol. 1989 Jan;93(1):67-83. doi: 10.1085/jgp.93.1.67. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.93.1.67....
] |
Ts4 |
Nav |
Induces release of neurotransmitters glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid; induces allergic reaction |
[3030. Sampaio SV, Coutinho-Netto J, Arantes EC, Marangoni S, Oliveira B, Giglio JR. Isolation of toxin TsTX-VI from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. Effects on the release of neurotransmitters from synaptosomes. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1996 Jul;39(4):729-40. doi: 10.1080/15216549600201811. https://doi.org/10.1080/1521654960020181...
] |
Ts5 |
Nav and Kv |
Inhibiting inactivation and blocking neuronal transmission; increases potassium permeability |
[3131. Arantes EC, Riccioppo Neto F, Sampaio SV, Vieira CA, Giglio JR. Isolation and characterization of TsTX-V, a new neurotoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom which delays the inactivation of Na+ channels. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Jan 5;1199(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90098-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(94)900...
] |
Ts6 |
Kv |
Block channels; induces macrophage activation and production of immune mediators |
[2828. Zoccal KF, Bitencourt CS, Secatto A, Sorgi CA, Bordon KCF, Sampaio SV, Arantes EC, Faccioli LH. Tityus serrulatus venom and toxins Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6 induce macrophage activation and production of immune mediators. Toxicon . 2011 Jun;57(7-8):1101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.04.017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.0...
,3232. Cerni FA, Pucca MB, Peigneur S, Cremonez CM, Bordon KC, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Electrophysiological characterization of Ts6 and Ts7, K⁺ channel toxins isolated through an improved Tityus serrulatus venom purification procedure. Toxins (Basel). 2014 Feb 28;6(3):892-913. doi: 10.3390/toxins6030892. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6030892....
] |
Ts7 |
Kv |
Blocks multiple voltage-gated potassium channel subtypes; blocks Kv1.3 channel by occluding the pore |
[3232. Cerni FA, Pucca MB, Peigneur S, Cremonez CM, Bordon KC, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Electrophysiological characterization of Ts6 and Ts7, K⁺ channel toxins isolated through an improved Tityus serrulatus venom purification procedure. Toxins (Basel). 2014 Feb 28;6(3):892-913. doi: 10.3390/toxins6030892. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6030892....
] |
Ts8 |
Kv |
Blocks potassium channels; inhibits Kv4.2 channel and produces nociception in vivo |
[3333. Pucca MB, Cerni FA, Cordeiro FA, Peigneur S, Cunha TM, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Ts8 scorpion toxin inhibits the Kv4.2 channel and produces nociception in vivo. Toxicon . 2016 Sep 1;119:244-52. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.0...
] |
Ts9 |
Kv |
Blocks small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels |
[3434. Blanc E, Lecomte C, Rietschoten JV, Sabatier JM, Darbon H. Solution structure of TsKapa, a charybdotoxin-like scorpion toxin from Tityus serrulatus with high affinity for apamin-sensitive Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. Proteins. 1997 Nov;29(3):359-69. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(199711)29:3<359::aid-prot9>3.0.co;2-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(...
] |
Ts11 |
Kv |
Blocks potassium channels at different proportions |
[3535. Cremonez CM, Maiti M, Peigneur S, Cassoli JS, Dutra AAA, Waelkens E, Lescrinier E, Herdewijn P, de Lima ME, Pimenta AM, Arantes EC, Tytgat J. Structural and functional elucidation of peptide Ts11 shows evidence of a novel subfamily of scorpion venom toxins. Toxins (Basel) . 2016 Sep 30;8(10):288. doi: 10.3390/toxins8100288. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8100288....
] |
Ts12 |
Kv |
Blocks potassium channels |
[3535. Cremonez CM, Maiti M, Peigneur S, Cassoli JS, Dutra AAA, Waelkens E, Lescrinier E, Herdewijn P, de Lima ME, Pimenta AM, Arantes EC, Tytgat J. Structural and functional elucidation of peptide Ts11 shows evidence of a novel subfamily of scorpion venom toxins. Toxins (Basel) . 2016 Sep 30;8(10):288. doi: 10.3390/toxins8100288. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8100288....
] |
Ts15 |
Kv |
Preferentially blocks Kv1.2, Kv1.3 and Kv2.1 |
[3636. Cologna CT, Peigneur S, Rosa JC, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Varanda WA, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Purification and characterization of Ts15, the first member of a new α-KTX subfamily from the venom of the brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Toxicon . 2011 Jul;58(1):54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.05.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.0...
,3737. Pucca MB, Bertolini TB, Cerni FA, Bordon KCF, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Bonato VL, Arantes EC. Immunosuppressive evidence of Tityus serrulatus toxins Ts6 and Ts15: insights of a novel K(+) channel pattern in T cells. Immunology. 2016 Feb;147(2):240-50. doi: 10.1111/imm.12559. PMID: 26595158. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12559. PMID:...
] |
Ts17 |
Nav |
Change the kinetics of Nav1.2 and Nav1.5 |
[3838. Menezes LFS, Maranhão MM, Tibery DV, de Souza ACB, da Mata DO, Campos LA, Souza AA, Freitas SM, Schwartz EF. Ts17, a Tityus serrulatus β-toxin structurally related to α-scorpion toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2023 Jan 1;1865(1):184057. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.18...
] |
Ts19 frag-II |
Kv |
Block Kv1.2 |
[3939. Cerni FA, Pucca MB, Amorim FG, Bordon KCF, Echterbille J, Quinton L, De Pauw E, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Isolation and characterization of Ts19 Fragment II, a new long-chain potassium channel toxin from Tityus serrulatus venom. Peptides. 2016 Jun;80:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015....
] |
Ts32 |
Cav |
Increases intracellular Ca2+ release |
[4040. Oliveira-Mendes BBR, Horta CCR, Do Carmo AO, Biscoto GL, Sales-Medina DF, Leal HG, Brandão-Dias PFP, Miranda SEM, Aguiar CJ, Cardoso VN, De Barros ALB, Chávez-Olortégui C, Leite MF, Kalapothakis E. CPP-Ts: a new intracellular calcium channel modulator and a promising tool for drug delivery in cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 3;8(1):14739. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33133-3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33133...
] |