Yang et al.2222 Yang D, Vandongen YK, Stacey MC. Effect of exercise on calf muscle pump function in patients with chronic venous disease. Br J Surg. 1999;86(3):338-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.00993.x. PMid:10201775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.19...
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20 patients with venous leg ulcers. Median age of 68 (range: 34 to 88) years. |
6 weeks of ET comprising tip-toe exercises associated with walking and calf stretch exercises. |
Single group. |
Increase in ejection fraction and decrease in residual volume fraction (p<0.05). No changes in venous volume, venous filling index, peak torque, or total work |
1/10 |
Padberg et al.2121 Padberg FT Jr, Johnston MV, Sisto SA. Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39(1):79-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09.036. PMid:14718821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09....
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Patients with skin changes (n=17, mean age of 71 years, CEAP C4- C6) |
6 months of stockings combined with lower limb and trunk stretching and strengthening, with active gravity strengthening and resistive weights in two sessions per week (1 hour duration). |
Usual care in addition to compression (n=13, mean age of 70 years, CEAP C4- C6). |
Experimental group improved residual volume fraction (p<0.029), mean ejection fraction (p<0.026), isokinetic peak torque/body weight at both slow speed (p<0.05), and fast speed (p<0.03). No changes in venous filling index, venous volume, or ejected volume. No changes were observed health-related quality of life (according to the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Survey, the CIVIQ, and the physical function items of the SF-36). |
5/10 |
Zajkowsk et al.2424 Zajkowski PJ, Draper T, Bloom J, Henke PK, Wakefield TW. Exercise with compression stockings improves reflux in patients with mild chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2006;21(2):100-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/026835506777304764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/02683550677730...
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11 patients (mean age 60 years), comprising CEAP C2 (n=6) and C4 and C5 (n=5). |
18 sessions (1h per session), 2-3 times a week, of calf muscle strengthening with compression stockings. |
Single group. |
For CEAP C4-C5 patients: residual volume fraction decreased (p<0.05). |
1/10 |
Jull et al.1818 Jull A, Parag V, Walker N, Maddison R, Kerse N, Johns T. The prepare pilot RCT of home-based progressive resistance exercises for venous leg ulcers. J Wound Care. 2009;18(12):497-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2009.18.12.45606. PMid:20081574. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2009.18....
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20 patients (54.6±19.9 years) with venous leg ulcers. |
12-week home-based progressive resistance exercise program using heel rises in addition to compression. |
Usual care in addition to compression (n=19, 53.3±19.9 years). |
Experimental group improved ejection fraction (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in venous volume, ejection volume, venous filling index, residual volume, or residual volume fraction. |
7/10 |
Szewczyk et al.1919 Szewczyk MT, Jawień A, Cwajda-Białasik J, Cierzniakowska K, Mościcka P, Hancke E. Randomized study assessing the influence of supervised exercises on ankle joint mobility in patients with venous leg ulcerations. Arch Med Sci. 2010;6(6):956-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.19308. PMid:22427773. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.1930...
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Patients with venous leg ulcers (n=16, 77.2±7.66 years, CEAP C6). |
9-week supervised program of exercises (circular foot movements, lifting the body weight while standing on the toes, alternate performance of foot dorsiflexion and plantar flexion). The exercises were performed 3 times a day, in series of 15 repetitions. Moreover, all patients walked 3 km daily and additionally exercised on training bikes. |
Performance of exercise without supervision (n=16, 72.3±10.13 years, CEAP C6). |
Experimental group increased ankle joint mobility in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (p<0.05 for both). The control group also increased ankle joint mobility in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (p<0.05 for both), but improvements were greater in the experimental group (p<0.05). |
5/10 |
O’Brien et al.2020 O’Brien J, Edwards H, Stewart I, Gibbs H. A home-based progressive resistance exercise programme for patients with venous leg ulcers: a feasibility study. Int Wound J. 2013;10(4):389-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.00995.x. PMid:22697811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.20...
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4 patients (66±6 years) with active venous ulceration. |
12 weeks of high-compression bandaging, leg elevation and performing leg and/or ankle exercises. |
Usual care (n=3, 63.6±20 years) |
Experimental group increased ejection fraction (p=0.03) and decreased residual volume fraction (p=0.03). No changes in the venous filling index (p=0.17). There were also changes in ankle range of motion (p=0.01). |
5/10 |
Kravtsov et al.1313 Kravtsov PF, Katorkin SA, Volkovoy VV, Sizonenko YV. The influence of the training of the muscular component of the musculo-venous pump in the lower extremities on the clinical course of varicose vein disease. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2016;93(6):33-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/kurort2016633-36. PMid:28091490. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/kurort2016633...
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22 patients with varicose veins, CEAP C3 (n=6) and C4 (n=16). |
60 days of specially designed complex of 7 exercises intended to strengthen the posterior muscle group of the lower legs and correct the step cycle. |
Single group. |
ET improved health-related quality of life by CIVIQ (p<0.05). |
1/10 |