Sex |
M: 11%118118 Millikan CH. The pathogenesis of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Circulation. 1965;32(3):438-50. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.32.3.438. PMid:5318826. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.32.3.438...
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F: 2,8%201201 Mayberg MR, Wilson SE, Yatsu F, et al. Carotid endarterectomy and prevention of cerebral ischemia in symptomatic carotid stenosis. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program 309 Trialist Group. JAMA. 1991;266(23):3289-94. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03470230047029. PMid:1960828. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.0347023...
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Age |
< 65 years old: 5.6%187187 Bonifati DM, Lorenzi A, Ermani M, et al. Carotid stenosis as predictor of stroke after transient ischemic attacks. J Neurol Sci. 2011;303(1-2):85-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.005. PMid:21276596. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.005...
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65-75 years old: 8.6%124124 Ristow AV, Santos M, Vescovi A, et al. Determinants of success in treating acute ischemic cerebral and ocular ischemia through carotid revascularization: an observational study of a case series. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2022;49:e20223400. http://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20223400-en. PMid:36449945. http://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-202234...
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> 75 years old: 19.2%116116 Fisher CM. ‘Transient monocular blindness’ versus ‘amaurosis fugax’. Neurology. 1989;39(12):1622-4. http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.39.12.1622. PMid:2685658. http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.39.12.1622...
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Number of comorbidities (risk reduction in 2 years) |
CEA – 0-5:17%; 6: 23%; 7 or +: 39% |
OCM – 0-5: 11%; 6: 6%; 7 or +: 8% |
Type of stroke: cortical versus lacunar |
cortical: 15%211211 Naim C, Douziech M, Therasse E, et al. Vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid plaque evaluation by ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging: an overview. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2014;65(3):275-86. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2013.05.003. PMid:24360724. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2013.05.00...
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lacunar: 9%121121 Vasconcelos V, Cassola N, da Silva EM, Baptista-Silva JC. Immediate versus delayed treatment for recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;9(9):CD011401. PMid:27611108.
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Plaque surface |
smooth: 8%140140 Strömberg S, Nordanstig A, Bentzel T, Osterberg K, Bergstrom GM. Risk of early recurrent stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015;49(2):137-44. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.11.004. PMid:25548062. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.11.00...
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irregular: 17%117117 Campbell BCV, Silva DA, Macleod MR, et al. Ischaemic stroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):70. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0118-8. PMid:31601801. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0118-8...
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Hemispheric versus ocular symptoms |
ocular: 5%191191 Johansson EP, Arnerlov C, Wester P. Risk of recurrent stroke before carotid endarterectomy: the ANSYSCAP study. Int J Stroke. 2013;8(4):220-7. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00790.x. PMid:22494778. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012....
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TIA: 15%211211 Naim C, Douziech M, Therasse E, et al. Vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid plaque evaluation by ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging: an overview. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2014;65(3):275-86. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2013.05.003. PMid:24360724. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2013.05.00...
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Stroke: 18%117117 Campbell BCV, Silva DA, Macleod MR, et al. Ischaemic stroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):70. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0118-8. PMid:31601801. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0118-8...
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Intracranial occlusive disease associated with stenosis degree |
50-69%: 19%116116 Fisher CM. ‘Transient monocular blindness’ versus ‘amaurosis fugax’. Neurology. 1989;39(12):1622-4. http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.39.12.1622. PMid:2685658. http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.39.12.1622...
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70-85%: 29%114114 Aho K, Harmsen P, Hatano S, Marquardsen J, Smirnov VE, Strasser T. Cerebrovascular disease in the community: results of a WHO collaborative study. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58(1):113-30. PMid:6966542.
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> 85%: 45%113113 den Hartog AG, Moll FL, van der Worp HB, Hoff RG, Kappelle LJ, de Borst GJ. Delay to carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;47(3):233-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.12.013. PMid:24445086. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.12.01...
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Contralateral carotid occlusion |
occlusion: 24%115115 Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013;44(7):2064-89. http://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e318296aeca. PMid:23652265. http://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e318296a...
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no occlusion: 13%119119 Spacek M, Zemanek D, Hutyra M, Sluka M, Taborsky M. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque - a review of current concepts and advanced imaging. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2018;162(1):10-7. http://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2018.004. PMid:29467545. http://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2018.004...
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