Kumar et al., 201699 Kumar USD, Shetty SP, Sujay KR, Wali M. Left ventricular mass: a tumor or a thrombus diagnostic dilemma. Ann Card Anaesth. 2016;19(4):728-32. http://doi.org/10.4103/0971-9784.191551. PMid:27716707. http://doi.org/10.4103/0971-9784.191551...
|
44 |
Male |
Smoking |
TIA (upper limb weakness) |
old anterolateral MI (t wave inversion and downward ST sloping v1-4) |
brain |
Old anterolateral STEMI |
surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge. |
4 |
Grewal et al., 20201010 Grewal HK, Bansal M, Garg A, Kasliwal RR, Bhan A, Gautam D. Left ventricular thrombus and cardioembolic stroke in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2021;9(1):67-70. http://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_525_19. PMid:33519347. http://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_525_1...
|
23 |
Female |
ulcerative colitis (diagnosed 2-3 weeks before presentation) |
Stroke (sudden weakness on the right side with aphasia; left MCA infarction) followed by episodes of TIA despite anticoagulation therapy |
Normal |
brain, MCA |
Ulcerative colitis |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge. |
4 |
Garg et al., 20211111 Garg A, Hakeem H, Chennu G, et al. Left ventricular mural thrombi with multisystem thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 and myocardial injury: a case series. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2021;5(6):ytab239. http://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytab239. PMid:34263128.
|
60 |
Male |
Hypertension, schizophrenia |
fever, dyspnea, desaturation (83% room air), altered consciousness |
Sinus rhythm, left ventricular hypertrophy, prolonged QTc |
mural thrombus and pulmonary embolism |
CoVID-19 pneumonia |
Heparin |
NR |
4 |
Cousin et al., 20141212 Cousin E, Scholfield M, Faber C, Caldeira C, Guglin M. Treatment options for patients with mobile left ventricular thrombus and ventricular dysfunction: a case series. Heart Lung Vessel. 2014;6(2):88-91. PMid:25024990.
|
63 |
Male |
HF |
cardiogenic shock and hypotension |
NR |
None |
Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy |
Surgical thrombectomy and LVAD |
Recovery and discharge (with a plan for heart transplantation) |
4 |
|
50 |
Male |
Biventricular HF and coagulopathy |
dyspnea, bilateral lower limb edema, pneumonia, septic shock, and AKI |
NR |
None |
HF/ coagulopathy (occluded right popliteal vein) |
Surgical thrombectomy and BiVAD. Heart transplantation after 6 months. |
Recovery and discharge |
4 |
|
64 |
Male |
IHD, HF, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and acute promyelocytic leukemia |
NR |
NR |
|
IHD and HF |
Surgical removal |
Thrombus recurrence after 6 months of recovery. |
4 |
Kanazawa et al., 20161313 Kanazawa H, Kashima I, Mochizuki Y, et al. A “bowing” pedunculated large thrombus in the left ventricle and its formation. Int J Cardiol. 2016;222:841-3. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.035. PMid:27522386. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08....
|
75 |
Female |
NR |
NR (referral) |
Q waves v1-v4 |
None |
Apical aneurysm due to asymptomatic MI |
Surgical removal |
NR |
4 |
Allende et al., 20111414 Allende NG, Sokn F, Borracci R, et al. Giant pedunculated thrombus with normal left ventricular systolic function mimicking myxoma. Echocardiography. 2011;28(2):E31-3. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01262.x. PMid:21198822. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010....
|
74 |
Female |
essential thrombocythemia and previous unstable angina (PCI to the LAD) |
Atypical chest pain and left hemiparesis (on the 2nd day of admission) |
Normal then negative T wave |
Brain and heart (distal LAD) |
Combined essential thrombocythemia with IHD. |
Surgical removal and saphenous vein graft to the distal LAD. |
Improvement (of neurological symptoms) and discharge |
4 |
Lutz et al., 20071515 Lutz CJ, Bhamidipati CM, Ford B, et al. Robotic-assisted excision of a left ventricular thrombus. Innovations (Phila). 2007;2(5):251-3. http://doi.org/10.1097/imi.0b013e31815cea73. PMid:22437135. http://doi.org/10.1097/imi.0b013e31815ce...
|
34 |
Male |
hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, Crohn’s disease, ischemic colitis, and depression |
Referral, FUO |
NR |
None |
Ulcerative colitis |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge (4 days) |
4 |
Nili et al., 19881616 Nili M, Deviri E, Jortner R, Strasberg B, Levy MJ. Surgical removal of a mobile, pedunculated left ventricular thrombus: report of 4 cases. Ann Thorac Surg. 1988;46(4):396-400. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)64651-6. PMid:3178348. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)646...
|
59 |
Male |
Eight-month history of stable angina |
Chest pain, acute anteroseptal MI followed by HF |
NR |
None |
Acute MI and HF |
Surgical removal and graft of the LAD |
Recovery and discharge (14 days) |
4 |
|
56 |
Male |
Polycythemia vera |
left upper quadrant abdominal pain and fever for two weeks after anterior MI (treated by heparin infusion). |
NR |
Spleen |
Acute MI and HF |
Surgical removal of thrombus and double coronary bypass (LAD and LCX) |
Recovery and discharge (22 days) |
4 |
|
46 |
Male |
MI 1 year before presentation |
Left common femoral artery occlusion |
NR |
Common femoral artery |
MI (1 year before presentation) |
Surgical removal of LV thrombi (thrombectomy) |
Recovery and discharge (10 days) |
4 |
|
66 |
Male |
eleven-year history of angina; MI 2 years; CABG candidate |
Angina |
NR |
None |
MI (2 years) |
Surgical removal then CABG |
Recovery and discharge (12 days) |
4 |
Kharwar et al., 20141717 Kharwar RB, Chandra S, Dwivedi SK, Saran RK. A pedunculated left ventricular thrombus in a women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: evaluation by three dimensional echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2014;22(3):139-43. http://doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2014.22.3.139. PMid:25309691. http://doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2014.22.3.139...
|
30 |
Female |
Pregnancy (hypercoagulable state) with poor LV function |
peripartum cardiomyopathy Orthopnea and dyspnea on exertion (3 weeks after delivery) |
Sinus tachycardia |
None |
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (poor LV function and hypercoagulable state) |
Oral anticoagulation (warfarin) |
Complete dissolution (30 days) and improvement of systolic function to 43% |
4 |
Ito et al., 20221818 Ito H, Bessho S, Nakamura B, Toba S, Shomura Y, Takao M. Transmitral extraction of a huge left ventricular mural thrombus using a novel mitral leaflet retractor. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(2):e05427. http://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.5427. PMid:35369383. http://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.5427...
|
52 |
Female |
IHD |
Discovered during an MRI study |
NR |
None |
MI (15 years) |
Surgical removal |
recovery and discharge (10 days) |
4 |
Singal et al., 20211919 Singal AK, Deepti S, Sharma G, Kothari SS. Herculean mistake: mephentermine associated cardiomyopathy. Phys Sportsmed. 2021;49(1):116-22. http://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2020.1763146. PMid:32404042. http://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2020.176...
|
32 |
Male |
Two-year history of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse and three-month history of mephentermine abuse. |
Acute decompensated heart failure (plus left upper limb monoparesis and embolic TIA on the second day) |
Sinus tachycardia and left ventricle enlargement |
Brain (left parietal lobe and right cerebellum) |
Toxic cardiomyopathy (secondary to mephentermine and/or anabolic androgenic steroid abuse) |
Anticoagulant (warfarin) |
Complete dissolution (with an improvement of NYHA classification and LV function after two weeks) |
|
Tanaka et al., 20142020 Tanaka D, Unai S, Diehl JT, Hirose H. Surgical removal of a large mobile left ventricular thrombus via left atriotomy. World J Clin Cases. 2014;2(2):32-5. http://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v2.i2.32. PMid:24579068. http://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v2.i2.32...
|
37 |
Female |
Pregnancy (hypercoagulable state) with poor LV function |
Exertional dyspnea and fatigue |
NR |
None |
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (poor LV function and hypercoagulable state) |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge (day 10) |
4 |
Jeganathan et al., 20112121 Jeganathan R, Ralph‐Edwards A. Left apical pedunculated thrombus with normal ventricular function mimicking an intracardiac tumor. J Card Surg. 2011;26(6):614-6. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011.01304.x. PMid:21951172. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011....
|
62 |
Male |
Hypertension, renal impairment, and colon cancer treated surgically (4 years) |
Right acute limb/leg ischemia with compartment syndrome |
NR |
Right popliteal artery |
Idiopathic |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge |
4 |
Janula et al., 20212222 Janula M, Navarro A, Bonello J, Schembri K, Borg A. Trans-aortic left ventricular thrombo-embolectomy following COVID-19 infection. J Surg Case Rep. 2021;(9):rjab426. http://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjab426. PMid: 34594494.
|
47 |
Male |
Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia |
NSTEMI in the context of CoVID-19 infection, fever, and expressive aphasia developed during hospital stay (day 4) |
RBBB |
Right occipital and left temporal regions (with micro-hemorrhagic transformation, contraindication for anticoagulation) |
procoagulant state of CoVID-19 and acute MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Marchini et al., 20092323 Marchini JFM, Rodrigues AJ, Schmidt A. A ventricular thrombus mimicking a tumour. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009:bcr06.2009.1944. http://doi.org/10.1136/bcr.06.2009.1944. PMid:21886661. http://doi.org/10.1136/bcr.06.2009.1944...
|
33 |
Female |
Hypertension, smoking, and repeated miscarriage |
Dyspnea and lower limb edema for 3 years (NYHA II) |
Q waves I, aVL; st depression II and III; T wave inversion I, aVL, V5, and V6; and LV hypertrophy |
None |
HF |
Surgical removal |
Recovery (discharge 9 days) |
4 |
Mukai et al., 19912424 Mukai S, Fuseno H, Nakamura M, Yoshikawa J, Shomura T. Dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by a pedunculated and mobile left ventricular thrombus on ruptured false tendons. Chest. 1991;99(4):1042-3. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.99.4.1042. PMid:2009765. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.99.4.1042...
|
68 |
Male |
Diabetes |
Congestive heart failure (thrombus developed during the hospital stay, on the 15th day) |
Sinus tachycardia, mild LV hypertrophy |
None |
Dilated cardiomyopathy |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Park et al., 19862525 Park JE, Kim WJ, Choi DS, Suh SK, Whang JW, Kim HM. A large pedunculated left ventricular thrombus with recurrent systemic thromboembolism in a young man. Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med). 1986;1(2):254-8. http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.1986.1.2.254. PMid:3154622. http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.1986.1.2.254...
|
33 |
Male |
IHD (inferior STEMI 6 years before presentation), emboli to the right femoral artery and left internal iliac artery (failed bypass and right above-knee amputation) |
Mesenteric artery thromboembolism (abdominal pain) |
|
mesenteric artery |
MI (6 years) |
Surgical removal |
Recovery without recurrence (complicated with an embolus to the left femoral artery on the 20th day, which was treated with left above-knee amputation. |
4 |
Bakhtiari et al., 20122626 Bakhtiari RE, Khaledifar A, Kabiri M, Danesh Z. Mobile pedunculated left ventricular masses in a man with recurrent emboli. Heart Views. 2012;13(4):146-8. http://doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.105734. PMid:23439797. http://doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.105734...
|
51 |
Male |
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, IHD (MI 3 years prior) |
Two-week history of right-sided weakness, left-sided paresthesia, and visual disturbance bilaterally. |
|
Brain (bioccipital, basal ganglia, and internal capsule) |
MI (3 years) |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Chen et al., 19812727 Chen CC, Webster GW, Morganroth J. Large mobile pedunculated left ventricular thrombus: Identification by two‐dimensional echocardiography. Clin Cardiol. 1981;4(4):189-92. http://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960040407. PMid:7273502. http://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960040407...
|
74 |
Male |
IHD, ventricular ectopy, congestive cardiomyopathy, and diabetes mellitus |
Dysarthria, weakness, and ataxia |
|
Brain |
Idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy |
IV heparin |
Death |
4 |
Rester et al., 20012828 Rester BT, Warnock JL, Patel PB, McMullan MR, Skelton TN, Collop NA. Lysis of a left ventricular thrombus with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Chest. 2001;120(2):681-3. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.2.681. PMid:11502681. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.2.681...
|
23 |
Female |
Pregnancy-induced hypertension and peripartum cardiomyopathy |
Fatigue, shortness of breath, and bilateral flank pain. |
Sinus tachycardia with non-specific ST-T segment abnormality |
Spleen, right kidney |
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (poor LV function and hypercoagulable state) |
RTPA (after failure of heparin infusion and enlargement of the thrombus size) |
Recovery (complete lysis of the thrombus after 8-10 hours) |
4 |
Azari et al., 20212929 Azari A, Amini O, Lakziyan R, Sarchahi Z. Mesenteric ischemia following large left ventricular fibroid thrombosis due to myocardial infarction: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021;81:105833. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105833. PMid:33887862. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.1058...
|
45 |
Male |
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol intake |
Negligible MI (severe epigastric pain, fever, sweating, and tachycardia) |
Q waves in V1-2 and biphasic T wave V2-4 |
mesenteric artery |
Acute MI and HF |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Chen et al., 20083030 Chen Z, Robinson N, Harkness A. Pedunculated left ventricular thrombus presenting with acute ischaemic limb. Emerg Med J. 2008;25(4):216. http://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2007.049585. PMid:18356352. http://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2007.049585...
|
84 |
Male |
IHD (anterior MI 8 years ago), and AF |
Acute left lower limb ischemia |
NR |
Left lower limb |
MI (8 years) |
Surgical removal |
NR |
4 |
Kumar et al., 20223131 Kumar P, Rao MS, Lalani K, Paramasivam G, Devasia T, Parikh P. Dabigatran for intracardiac thrombus, yet another promising role of a direct oral anticoagulant: a case report and short review of literature. Arch Clin Cases. 2022;9(2):75-9. http://doi.org/10.22551/2022.35.0902.10207. PMid: 35813493.
|
57 |
Male |
None |
Bilateral acute lower limb ischemia with absent dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery pulses bilaterally |
Normal |
mid and distal anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis bilaterally |
Idiopathic |
Aspirin® (150 mg), clopidogrel (75 mg), and LMWH for 48 hours/ till leg numbness disappeared. Then antiplatelet plus dabigatran 110 mg for two weeks (till the thrombus disappeared). Resumed on aspirin® plus dabigatran 150 mg twice daily for 6 months. |
Recovery of leg condition and lysis of the LV thrombus |
4 |
Eren et al., 20133232 Eren NK, Emren SV, Duygu H, Kocabas U. Left ventricular thrombus formation in a patient with normal ejection fraction. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2013;41(7):625-8. http://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2013.71598. PMid:24164994. http://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2013.71598...
|
45 |
Female |
NR |
Cerebrovascular accident (loss of consciousness for 15 minutes followed by ataxia) |
Normal (sinus rhythm) |
Brain (bilateral infarcts) |
Idiopathic |
Surgical removal |
NR |
4 |
Daley et al., 19873333 Daley P, Ptacin M, Horwitz M, Werner P, Almagro U, Bamrah V. Left ventricular thrombus in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Cardiology. 1987;74(1):53-7. http://doi.org/10.1159/000174175. PMid:3815454. http://doi.org/10.1159/000174175...
|
40 |
Male |
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia |
Maculopapular rash, fever, and pleuro-pericardial pain |
Normal |
None |
Idiopathic myocarditis and spontaneous platelet aggregation. |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge (4 weeks) |
|
John et al., 19913434 John RM, Sturridge MF, Swanton RH. Pedunculated left ventricular thrombus--report of two cases. Postgrad Med J. 1991;67(791):843-5. http://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.67.791.843. PMid:1946132. http://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.67.791.843...
|
63 |
Female |
Peptic ulcer |
MI |
Inverted T wave I, aVL, and V2-6 |
None |
Acute MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge. |
4 |
|
56 |
Male |
NR |
Unstable angina (4 weeks) |
Q waves anteriorly |
None |
Acute MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge. |
4 |
Lewin et al., 19803535 Lewin RF, Vidne B, Sclarovsky S, Agmon J. Two-dimensional real-time echocardiographic detection of a left ventricular aneurysm associated with mobile pedunculated thrombi. Chest. 1980;77(5):704-6. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.77.5.704. PMid:7363697. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.77.5.704...
|
51 |
Male |
IHD (inferior MI 6 years and anterolateral MI 4.5 years backward) |
Bilateral acute limb ischemia |
Old inferior and anterior MI (persistent ST elevation) |
bilateral to the Iliac arteries |
Aneurysm of the anterior wall |
Surgical removal of the thrombus with aneurysmectomy |
Recovery and discharge (14 days) |
4 |
Shetty et al., 20113636 Shetty K, Sunkara N, Ahsan C. Recurrent intra-cardiac thrombosis—A unique presentation of prothrombin G20210 mutation. J Cardiol Cases. 2011;3(3):e129-32. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccase.2011.02.002. PMid:30524602. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccase.2011.02....
|
49 |
Female |
Anxiety, hypertension, and surgical history of hysterectomy. |
One month history of exertional dyspnea |
NR |
None |
prothrombin G20210 mutation |
Surgical removal followed by anticoagulation (enoxaparin and warfarin then warfarin). |
Recovery and discharge. Complicated by atrial mass after 6 weeks, dissolved medically after two months of medical treatment |
4 |
Vaganos et al., 19893737 Steve AV, Kevin RF, James GK 3rd. Left ventricular thrombus in the absence of detectable heart disease. Chest. 1989;96(2):426-7. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.96.2.426. PMid:2752829. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.96.2.426...
|
43 |
Female |
history of bilateral DVT and pulmonary emboli. |
Eight-hour history of pain, pallor, pulselessness, and paralysis of the left leg. |
Normal |
Left common femoral artery |
Possible hypercoagulable state |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Lew et al., 19833838 Lew AS, Federman J, Harper RW, et al. Operative removal of mobile pedunculated left ventricular thrombus detected by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1983;52(8):1148-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(83)90554-4. PMid:6637840. http://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(83)9055...
|
63 |
Male |
history of DVT and pulmonary embolism ( the patient was already on IV heparin) |
Acute right limb ischemia |
|
Right femoral artery |
Possible hypercoagulable state |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Chamsi-Pasha et al., 20093939 Chamsi-Pasha MA, Anwar AM, Nosir YF, Chamsi-Pasha H. Hanging by a thread" left ventricular thrombus in an asymptomatic soldier. Saudi Med J. 2009;30(3):436-8. PMid:19271079.
|
32 |
Male |
None |
Routine echocardiography (asymptomatic) |
Normal |
None |
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy |
Warfarin overlapped with enoxaparin maintaining INR 2-3, then warfarin for 6 months |
Complete dissolution after 6 weeks |
4 |
Early et al., 20014040 Early GL, Ballenger M, Hannah H 3rd, Roberts SR. Simplified method of left ventricular thrombectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72(3):953-4. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02607-2. PMid:11565702. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)026...
|
64 |
Female |
NR |
Acute anterior MI, received thrombolytic therapy + no LV thrombus on presentation |
Anterior STEMI |
None |
Acute MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Wohlfarter et al., 19914141 Wohlfarter T, Hopferwieser T, Schwaighofer H, et al. An idiopathic floating left-ventricular thrombus. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1991;116(21):808-11. http://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1063682. PMid:2032531. http://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1063682...
|
28 |
Male |
Appendectomy (4 weeks) |
Occlusion of the left superior femoral A at the adductor canal (dragging pain at the cuff) |
|
Left superior femoral artery |
|
Heparin failed, systemic thrombolysis with streptokinase 750000 IU replaced by ancrod 70 IU/day IV for increased movement, then heparin 3000 IU IV |
Recovery (thrombus size decreased to 0.7 after 5 days, then it disappeared after two weeks) |
4 |
Palazzuoli et al., 19944242 Palazzuoli V, Mondillo S, D’Aprile N, Faglia S, Palazzuoli A. Heparin treatment and resolution of left ventricular thrombosis. Int J Cardiol. 1994;43(3):338-40. http://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(94)90217-8. PMid:8181893. http://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(94)9021...
|
70 |
Male |
bilateral lower limb arteriopathy. |
Episodes of disorientation |
Recent inferior MI |
None |
Acute MI |
Calcium heparin 12500 IU/ 8 hours |
Complete dissolution after 20 days. |
4 |
Jeon et al., 20124343 Jeon GJ, Song BG, Park YH, Kang GH, Chun WJ, Oh JH. Acute stroke and limb ischemia secondary to catastrophic massive intracardiac thrombus in a 40-year-old patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Res. 2012;3(1):37-40. http://doi.org/10.4021/cr142w. PMid:28357023. http://doi.org/10.4021/cr142w...
|
40 |
Male |
None |
Stroke and acute limb ischemia (dyspnea, right facial and limb weakness as well as both lower limb pain, pulselessness and coldness). |
Sinus rhythm with diffuse non-specific ST segment changes. |
Brain, right femoral and right popliteal, and left popliteal arteries |
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge (7 days) |
4 |
Chirillo et al., 19964444 Chirillo F, Furlanetto A, Bruni A, Martines M, Stritoni P. Atypical electromechanical dissociation in a patient with recurrent pulmonary embolism. Chest. 1996;109(2):562-3. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.109.2.562. PMid:8620738. http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.109.2.562...
|
47 |
Male |
Recurrent pulmonary embolism, DVT (bilateral femoral and saphenous), smoking, and left lung cancer |
Bilateral pulmonary embolism, left pulmonary infarction masking tumor, and thrombosis in the IVC (Sudden dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxemia) |
RBBB |
Lung, lower limb, IVC |
Hypercoagulable state resistant to anticoagulation (paraneoplastic hypercoagulable state) |
Heparin and RTPA after 5 days |
Death (electromechanical dissociation due to RVOT obstruction) |
4 |
DeWitt et al., 19884545 DeWitt LD, Pessin MS, Pandian NG, Paulker SG, Sonnenberg FA, Caplan LR. Benign disappearance of ventricular thrombus after embolic stroke. A case report. Stroke. 1988;19(3):393-6. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.19.3.393. PMid:3354027. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.19.3.393...
|
80 |
Female |
None |
Stroke (right upper limb weakness and speech abnormality) |
Nonspecific ST and T wave changes |
Brain |
Idiopathic |
Heparin then warfarin. |
Recovery and dissolution of thrombus (12 days) |
4 |
Hwang et al., 19854646 Hwang MH, Pacold I, Loeb HS. Acute anterior myocardial infarction complicated by mural thrombus and peripheral thromboembolism despite anticoagulation. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1985;11(4):417-22. http://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.1810110411. PMid:4042158. http://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.1810110411...
|
43 |
Male |
None |
Anterior MI (2 weeks) |
NR |
Superior mesenteric artery |
Acute MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge. |
4 |
Çil et al., 20134747 Çil H, Yavuz C, Atilgan ZA, Gunduz E, Soydinc S. Complete resolution of the left ventricular pedunculated thrombus with tirofiban infusion in a patient with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):305-8. http://doi.org/10.1177/102490791302000508. http://doi.org/10.1177/10249079130200050...
|
28 |
Male |
IHD (anterior MI 2 years) |
Deteriorating dyspnea (decompensated heart failure NYHA class IV) |
Anterior ST-segment elevation |
None |
Essential thrombocythemia, previous IHD with resultant aneurysm, and HF |
Tirofiban after failed heparin infusion (1000 IU/hour for 48 hours) |
Complete dissolution after 48 hours (decreased size after 24 hours to 1.8*0.7)/ recovery and discharge (on the 6th day) |
4 |
Seitz et al., 20124848 Seitz MJ, McLeod MK, O’Keefe MD, Seah PW. A rare cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy related left ventricular apical thrombus requiring surgery. Heart Lung Circ. 2012;21(4):245-6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.07.004. PMid:21840755. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.07.004...
|
48 |
Male |
Cystic fibrosis |
DCL, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and respiratory arrest |
NR |
None |
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge (on day 5 after the operation) |
4 |
Manasrah et al., 20224949 Manasrah N, Abdel-Qader A, Al Sbihi A, et al. Left ventricular thrombus formation in a structurally and functionally normal heart: a case report and literature review. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2022;10:23247096221101852. http://doi.org/10.1177/23247096221101852. PMid:35619244. http://doi.org/10.1177/23247096221101852...
|
54 |
Female |
Type II DM and smoking |
Two-hour history of right leg pain. |
RBBB |
The aortoiliac bifurcation, bilateral common iliac arteries, and proximal left internal iliac artery |
Idiopathic |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge |
4 |
Jeganathan and Ralph‐Edwards, 20115050 Jeganathan R, Ralph‐Edwards A. Left apical pedunculated thrombus with normal ventricular function mimicking an intracardiac tumor. J Card Surg. 2011;26(6):614-6. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011.01304.x. PMid:21951172. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011....
|
62 |
Male |
Hypertension, colorectal carcinoma, and renal impairment. |
Acute right leg ischemia |
NR |
Right popliteal artery |
Idiopathic |
Surgical removal (after heparin failed) |
Recovery and discharge |
4 |
Erkal et al., 20175151 Erkal Z, Bayar N, Arslan Ş. A case of thrombus formation in a patient with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction and development of peripheral embolization. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2017;2(2):38-9. http://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2017.158. http://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2017.158...
|
63 |
Male |
Right femoral embolectomy 2 weeks before presentation |
Left femoral artery occlusion |
Normal sinus rhythm |
Left femoral artery |
Idiopathic |
Medical treatment |
Recovery |
4 |
Maruri-Sánchez et al., 20195252 Maruri-Sánchez R, Diego-Nieto G, Monguió-Santín ME, Calle-Valda CM, Reyes-Copa G, Alfonso F. An intraventricular thrombus of unknown origin. Arch Cardiol Mex. 2019;89(3):267-9. PMid:31967595.
|
38 |
Male |
Smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and left lower limb DVT 2 years ago |
Stroke |
NR |
right MCA |
Idiopathic |
Surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge |
4 |
Muller et al., 19965353 Müller S, Bartel T, Laube H. Left ventricular thrombus after pregnancy: choice of surgical access using dynamic three‐dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiography. 1996;13(3):293-6. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.1996.tb00899.x. PMid:11442934. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.1996....
|
41 |
Female |
Hypertension |
Stroke |
Left anterior hemiblock, and non-specific ST-T wave changes |
Left MCA |
Idiopathic |
Surgical removal |
Recovery (the patient had post-operative wound infection) |
4 |
Lin et al., 20045454 Lin CP, Tsai FC, Chu PH, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in a young man complicated with left ventricular thrombi. Jpn Heart J. 2004;45(6):1029-35. http://doi.org/10.1536/jhj.45.1029. PMid:15655278. http://doi.org/10.1536/jhj.45.1029...
|
23 |
Male |
None |
MI (acute proximal LAD lesion), TIA, transient loss of vision 5 min the day before presentation. |
Q waves V1 to V5 and low voltage limb leads |
Brain (TIA) |
Acute MI and premature coronary artery disease |
Heparin then surgical removal |
Recovery and discharge |
4 |
Kuroki and Murakami, 20125555 Kuroki K, Murakami T. Thoracoscopy-assisted removal of left ventricular thrombus via minithoracotomy. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2012;20(1):77-9. http://doi.org/10.1177/0218492311424466. PMid:22371951. http://doi.org/10.1177/0218492311424466...
|
58 |
Female |
None |
MI (acute LAD occlusion), chest pain for two days |
Anterior ST elevation |
None |
Acute MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Rao et al., 19905656 Rao PV, Roussak JB, Hershman MJ, Venn GE, Taylor KM. An unusual left ventricular mass. J R Soc Med. 1990;83(10):650-1. http://doi.org/10.1177/014107689008301019. PMid:2286968. http://doi.org/10.1177/01410768900830101...
|
71 |
Female |
NR |
Constitutional symptoms mostly Dressler’s syndrome following silent MI, masked by RBBB. |
Sinus rhythm with RBBB then AF |
None |
Acute silent MI |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |
Zaikokuji et al., 20185757 Zaikokuji K, Sawazaki M, Tomari S, Uemura T. Transmitral thrombectomy to treat a patient with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2018;26(3):236-8. http://doi.org/10.1177/0218492317729618. PMid:28870088. http://doi.org/10.1177/0218492317729618...
|
68 |
Female |
Bipolar disorders |
Gastric ulcer (upper abdominal discomfort) |
ST-segment depression and T wave inversion V3-V6 |
None |
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy |
Surgical removal |
Recovery (discharged on day 15 postoperative) |
4 |
Ho et al., 20085858 Ho JK, Dhamija N, Yezbick A, Mahajan A, Marijic J. Left ventricular mass: intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for evaluation and management. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(4):1153-4. http://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181806681. PMid:18806017. http://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181806...
|
29 |
Male |
Cocaine use |
Embolic stroke |
NR |
Brain |
MI (substance abuse) |
Surgical removal |
Recovery |
4 |