Alexopoulos et al.99 Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, Kalayam B, Kakuma T, Gabrielle M, et al. Executive dysfunction and long-term outcomes of geriatric depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(3):285-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.57.3....
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HDRS-24 26.7 ± 6.4 |
DRS-IP |
2-Year Prospective Study (Mixed-effects models) |
2 Pts: gold standard diagnosis; participants clinical data |
DRS-IP predicted the course of depressive symptoms (p<0.001). In patients without follow-up recurrence IP was also associated with HDRS-24 (p>0.009). |
Baudic et al.2222 Sheline YI, Barch DM, Garcia K, Gersing K, Pieper C, Welsh-Bohmer K, et al. Cognitive function in late life depression: relationships to depression severity, cerebrovascular risk factors and processing speed. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(1):58-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.200...
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MADRS 33.3 ± 6.3 GDS-30 22.1 ± 4.9 |
COWAT; CET; Hayling Test; Stroop; TMT-B; GSL; WCST |
Cross-sectional (Bivariate correlation) |
3 Pts: no potential cofounders; no selective reporting; comprehensive assessment |
No significant correlations between GDS and executive functioning; Significant correlations (p<0.05) between MADRS and COWAT (r=-0.52), WCST(r=-0.47); TMT-B (r=-0.44) & Hayling Test-B (r=0.53). |
Boone et al.2121 Sexton CE, McDermott L, Kalu UG, Herrmann LL, Bradley KM, Allan CL, et al. Exploring the pattern and neural correlates of neuropsychological impairment in late-life depression. Psychol Med. 2012;42(6):1195-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002352
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002...
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HDRS-17 19.6 ± 5.14 |
Stroop; ACT; WSCT; COWAT |
Cross-sectional (Bivariate correlation) |
5 Pts: gold standard diagnosis; participants clinical data; no potential cofounders; no selective reporting; comprehensive assessment |
Significant correlation (p<0.05) between executive functioning composite score and HDRS-17 (r=-0.15). |
Jungwirth et al.2323 Boone KB, Lesser IM, Miller BL, Wohl M, Berman N, Lee A, et al. Cognitive Functioning in Older Depressed Outpatients: Relationships of Presence and Severity of Depression to Neuropsychological Test Scores. Neuropsychology. 1995;9(3):390-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.9.3.390
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.9.3....
* |
HDRS-17 12.71 ± 6.18 GDS-15 4.4 ± 2.83 |
TMT; Verbal Fluency |
Cross-sectional (Univariate ANOVA) |
1 Pt: gold standard diagnosis |
Significant univariate influences of HDRS-17 and GDS on Verbal Fluency (p=0.012; p=0.018) and TMT B scores (p<0.0001; p=0.005) |
Murphy et al.2424 Baudic S, Tzortzis C, Barba GD, Traykov L. Executive deficits in elderly patients with major unipolar depression. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2004;17(4):195-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988704269823
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08919887042698...
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HDRS-24 25.79 |
DRS-IP |
1-Year Prospective Study (Mixed-effects models) |
1 Pt: no selective reporting |
There was a significant association between concurrent HDRS-24 and DRS-IP (p<0.0001; CC=0.84). |
Sair et al.1818 Santos LAA, Campos C, Bento T, Lattari E, Nardi AE, Rocha NBF, Machado S. Effects of dual-task interventions on gait performance of patients with Parkinson's Disease: A systematic review. MedicalExpress (São Paulo, online). 2016;3(4):M160401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2016.04.01
http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress...
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MADRS 22.33 ± 7.77 |
ADT |
Cross-sectional (Multivariate regression analysis) |
2 Pts: gold standard diagnosis; no selective reporting |
No significant association between MADRS score and ADT performance (p=0.58) |
Sexton et al.1919 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1...
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HDRS-17 4.2 ± 4.8 GDS-15 3.8 ± 3.5 |
Digit Span: Letter Fluency; TMT B |
Cross-sectional (Bivariate correlation) |
3 Points: gold standard diagnosis; participants clinical data; no selective reporting |
After controlling for age and gender, there were no significant associations between composite executive score and depression severity. (p>0.50) |
Sheline et al.2020 Sair HI, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wagner HR, Steffens DC. Ascending digits task as a measure of executive function in geriatric depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;18(1):117-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18.1.117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsyc...
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MADRS 26.17 ± 4.5 |
Verbal Fluency; TMT-B; Strop; DRS-IP; WCST |
Cross-sectional (Partial correlation analysis) |
3 Pts: gold standard diagnosis; no selective reporting; comprehensive assessment |
Significant association between MADRS and executive function composite score (r=-0.21; p<0.05). |