Species |
Lipid mediators and precursors |
Proteins |
References |
Leishmania sp. |
Linoneic acid-derived metabolites (9,10-DiHOME, 9,10-DiHODE, 15,16-DiHODE, 9-HODE, 10-HODE, 12-HODE, 13-HODE, 15-HODE, 5(S)-HETrE, 8(S)-HETrE, 12(S)-HETrE, 15(S)-HETrE) Arachidonic acid-derived metabolites (5-HETE, 8-HETE, 11-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 18-HETE, 8(9)-EpETrE, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α) Docosahexaenoic acid- derived metabolites (4-HDoHE, 7-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, 10-HDoHE, 11-HDoHE, 13-HDoHE, 14-HDoHE, 16-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE, 20-HDoHE) Eicosapentaenoic acid-derived metabolites (7(8)-EpDPE, 10(11)-EpDPE, 13(14)-EpDPE, 16(17)-EpDPE, 19(20)-EpDPE, 10,11-DiHDPE, 13,14-DiHDPE, 16,17-DiHDPE) |
PLA2/PAF-AH, PGFS, COX-like enzyme, CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 |
Araújo-Santos et al.2727. Araújo-Santos T, Rodríguez NE, Moura-Pontes S, Dixt UG, Abánades DR, Bozza PT, et al. Role of prostaglandin F2a production in lipid bodies from Leishmania infantum chagasi: insights on virulence. J Infect Dis. 2014; 210(12): 1951-61. Azevedo et al.3333. De Azevedo AF, Dutra JLL, Santos MLB, Santos DA, Alves PB, De Moura TR, et al. Fatty acid profiles in Leishmania spp. isolates with natural resistance to nitric oxide and trivalent antimony. Parasitol Res. 2014; 113(1): 19-27. Alves-Ferreira et al.5757. Alves-Ferreira EVC, Ferreira TR, Walrad P, Kaye PM, Cruz AK. Leishmania braziliensis prostaglandin F2a synthase impacts host infection. Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1): 9. Pawlowic et al.5858. Pawlowic MC, Zhang K. Leishmania parasites possess a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase important for virulence. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2012; 186(1): 11-20. Estrada-Figueroa et al.4747. Estrada-Figueroa LA, Díaz-Gandarilla JA, Hernández-Ramírez VI, Arrieta-González MM, Osorio-Trujillo C, Rosales-Encina JL, et al. Leishmania mexicana gp63 is the enzyme responsible for cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in this parasitic protozoa. Biochimie. 2018; 151: 73-84. Kabututu et al.4949. Kabututu Z, Martin SK, Nozaki T, Kawazu S, Okada T, Munday CJ, et al. Prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid and evidence for a 9,11-endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 reductase in Leishmania. Int J Parasitol. 2003; 33(2): 221-8. Paloque et al.5151. Paloque L, Perez-Berezo T, Abot A, Dalloux-Chioccioli J, Bourgeade-Delmas S, Le Faouder P, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites: biosynthesis in Leishmania and role in parasite/host interaction. J Lipid Res. 2019; 60(3): 636-47. |
Trypanosoma brucei
|
Arachidonic acid-derived metabolites (PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α) |
PLA2, PGFS |
Kubata et al.5454. Kubata BK, Duszenko M, Kabututu Z, Rawer M, Szallies A, Fujimori K, et al. Identification of a novel prostaglandin f(2alpha) synthase in Trypanosoma brucei. J Exp Med. 2000; 192(9): 1327-38.,5555. Kubata BK, Duszenko M, Martin KS, Urade Y. Molecular basis for prostaglandin production in hosts and parasites. Trends Parasitol. 2007; 23(7): 325-31. |
Trypanosoma cruzi
|
Hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid precursors 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA, 7-HDHA, 4-HDHA Arachidonic acid-derived metabolites (PGE2 PGD2, PGF2α, TXA2, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 5S,15S-DiHETE, 5-HEPE, 12-HEPE, 15-HEPE, 18-HEPE, 5S,15S-DiHEPE, TXA2, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α) Docosahexaenoic acid-derived metabolites (RvD1, RvD5) Eicosapentaenoic acid-derived metabolites (RvE2) |
PGFS, PGES, TcTP, PLA2, TXA2S |
Toledo et al.2424. Toledo DAM, Roque NR, Teixeira L, Milán-Garcés EA, Carneiro AB, Almeida MR, et al. Lipid body organelles within the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi: a role for intracellular arachidonic acid metabolism. PLoS One. 2016; 11(8): e0160433. Colas et al.4848. Colas RA, Ashton AW, Mukherjee S, Dalli J, Akide-Ndunge OB, Huang H, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi produces the specialized proresolving mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D5, and resolvin E2. Infect Immun. 2018; 86(4): 1-10. Okamoto et al.5050. Okamoto N, Yamaguchi K, Mizohata E, Tokuoka K, Uchiyama N, Sugiyama S, et al. Structural insight into the stereoselective production of PGF2a by old yellow enzyme from Trypanosoma cruzi. J Biochem (Tokyo). 2011; 150(5): 563-8. Murkherjee et al.5353. Mukherjee S, Sadekar N, Ashton AW, Huang H, Spray DC, Lisanti MP, et al. Identification of a functional prostanoid-like receptor in the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res. 2013; 112(4): 1417-25. Kubata et al.5555. Kubata BK, Duszenko M, Martin KS, Urade Y. Molecular basis for prostaglandin production in hosts and parasites. Trends Parasitol. 2007; 23(7): 325-31.,5656. Kubata BK, Kabututu Z, Nozaki T, Munday CJ, Fukuzumi S, Ohkubo K, et al. A key role for old yellow enzyme in the metabolism of drugs by Trypanosoma cruzi. J Exp Med. 2002; 196(9): 1241-51. |
Toxoplasma gondii
Plasmodium falciparum
Trypanosoma congolense
|
Not determined |
PLA2
|
Kubata et al.5555. Kubata BK, Duszenko M, Martin KS, Urade Y. Molecular basis for prostaglandin production in hosts and parasites. Trends Parasitol. 2007; 23(7): 325-31. |