Genus |
Species |
Strains |
Evolutionary forms |
Reporter |
Host cell |
Main measurements |
Assay principle |
Screened compounds |
Pipeline step |
References |
Trypanosoma
|
T. brucei brucei (wild type and genetically engineered kDNA-independent cell line)101101. Dean S, Gould MK, Dewar CE, Schnaufer AC. Single point mutations in ATP synthase compensate for mitochondrial genome loss in trypanosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013; 110(36): 14741-6. |
Laboratory strain: Lister 427 |
Bloodstream |
None |
- |
kDNA/nucleus ratio |
Parasite nuclear DNA and kDNA detected by Hoescht 33342 while viable parasites by CFDA-SE |
13,486 compounds from three commercial libraries (Prestwick Chemical Library, Screen-Well PKE library and BioAscent 12,000 diverse chemical libraries) |
Primary screening |
(80)
|
|
T. cruzi
|
Laboratory strain: Y |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) |
Number of host cells (lethal cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell, infection ratio and sublethal cytotoxicity-related parameters |
Screening: Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected by Draq5 while cell cytoplasm by cTNT immunostaining; Cytotoxicity assay: Cell nucleus, cytoskeleton and mitochondria detected by DAPI, Phalloidin-488 and MitoTrackerTM Red, respectively |
4 compounds with known anti-trypanosomatid activity |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity assay |
(71)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene(44)
|
Rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and percentage of infected cells per well |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
20 compounds with known anti-trypanosomatid activity |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay |
(69)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse embryo fibroblast (3T3) |
Number of amastigotes per cell and number of infected cells per well |
Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected with Hoescht 33342 while cell cytoplasm with HCS CellMask GreenTM
|
741 compounds (FDA-approved and with biological activity) from a in-house library and 685 compounds from a pilot collection of Medicines for Malaria Venture Malaria Box |
Primary screening and dose-response assay |
(79)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse embryo fibroblast (3T3) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and number of infected cells per well |
Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected with Hoescht 33342 while cell cytoplasm with HCS CellMask GreenTM
|
24,993 compounds optimised for lead-like properties |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves and for further profiling of selectively active compounds. Protocol based on a previous report(79). A wash-off assay was also carried out by HCS. |
(72)
|
Trypanosoma
|
|
Laboratory strains: Silvio X10/7 subclone A1, Y, M6241 Clone 6, ERA Clone 2, PAH179 Clone 5, Tula Clone 2 and CL Brener. |
Trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes |
CL Brener strain carrying a gene reporter (red-shifted luciferase102102. Lewis MD, Fortes FA, Taylor MC, Burrell-Saward H, McLatchie AP, Miles MA, et al. Bioluminescence imaging of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections reveals tissue-specific parasite dynamics and heart disease in the absence of locally persistent infection. Cell Microbiol. 2014; 16(9): 1285-300.) |
Cercopithecus aethiops kidney cell (Vero) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell, number of amastigotes per well, percentage of infected cells and percentage of EdU (nucleoside analog) positive cells and parasites |
Primary screeninging and replication assay (amastigotes): parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Hoechst 33342; Proliferation assay : EdU incorporation by parasites (trypomastigotes and amastigotes) and cell nucleus detected by Click-iT Plus EdU Alexa- Fluor 488 Imaging Kit. Trypomastigote flagellum was also detected by immunostaining (anti-PFR1 antibody) |
3 trypanocidal drugs |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxic evaluation performed in the same assay. Replication and proliferation assays were also carried out using a HCS system. Protocol based on a previous report(94). |
(73)
|
|
|
Not declared |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
2 trypanocidal drugs |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation in the same assay |
(100)
|
|
|
Laboratory strains: Dm28c, Y, ARMA13 cl1, ERA cl2, 92-80 cl2, CL Brener and Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) |
Number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
8 lead/clinical compounds with anti-trypanosomatid activity |
Primary screening (dose-response) and time-kill assay. Protocols based on a previous report(100). |
(70)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Y |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
39 commercial compounds selected from a virtual screening of the ChemBridge chemical database (1 M compounds) |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. Protocol based on a previous report(70). |
(81)
|
|
|
Laboratory strains: Y-H10, Sylvio X10/1 and CL Brener |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS), human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells, Cercopithecus aethiops kidney cell (Vero) and rat skeletal myoblast (L6) cells |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cells nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
1,280 compounds from LOPAC library (Sigma-Aldrich) |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay using Y-H10 strain. Similar method was employed to dose-response curves. Protocol based on a previous report (93)
|
(27)
|
|
|
Laboratory strains: Y |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cells nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
24 novel compounds derived from farnesyltransferase inhibitors |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay . Protocol based on a previous report(70)), |
(93)
|
|
|
Laboratory strains: Y |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Murine fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) expressing GFP |
Number of amastigotes per cell and percentage of infected cells |
Parasites DNA spots and cells nucleus detected by DAPI while cell body detected by GFP |
21 treatment groups from an on-going study |
Primary screening |
(25)
|
Trypanosoma
|
|
Laboratory strain: CA-I/72 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse myoblasts (C2C12) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and infection level (number of amastigotes per cell as determined by nuclei counting) |
Parasites DNA spots and cells nucleus detected by DAPI |
7,680 compounds from ReFRAME library |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves. Protocol based on previous reports(86,87,100)
|
(85)
|
|
|
Laboratory strains: CA-I/72 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse myoblasts (C2C12) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and infection level (number of amastigotes per cell) |
Parasites DNA spots and cells nucleus detected by DAPI |
Gallinamide A and 15 analogs |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxic evaluation performed in the same assay. Protocol based on a previous report(87)
|
(86)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: CA-I/72 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse myoblasts (C2C12) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected by DAPI |
97 commercial compounds selected by virtual screening |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves |
(87)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Silvio X10/7 A1 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Cercopithecus aethiops kidney cells (Vero) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and percentage of infected cells |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cells nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Hoechst 33342 |
14,080 commercial compounds from NIH (clinical collection) and Selleck-Chem (FDA-approved drug library) libraries |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. Similar methods were used to dose-response, cell replication, static-cidal and rate-of-kill assays. Protocols based on previous reports(25,53,69,89). |
(94)
|
|
|
Laboratory strains: CA-I/72, PSD-1 and Sylvio X10/7 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Bovine embryo skeletal muscle (BESM) and human hepatoma (Huh-7) cells |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and kDNA/host nuclei ratio |
Parasites kDNA and cell nucleus detected by DAPI |
909 clinical compounds library from Iconix Biosciences |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves |
(89)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: CA-I/72 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse myoblasts (C2C12) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), infection ratio and area of infection (area of kinetoplastids/total nuclei) |
Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected by DAPI, cell body inferred by aggregating parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus image objects |
180,329 compounds from GNF Academic Collaboration Library |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves. Protocols based on a previous report(89)
|
(88)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene(44)
|
Rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
2,310 compounds from GlaxoSmithKline HTS screening collection |
Orthogonal assay (screening and cytotoxicity evaluation). Protocol based on a previous report(69)
|
(60)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: STIB980 clone 1 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
eGFP |
Peritoneal mouse macrophages |
Number of host cells (cytotoxic evaluation), number of amastigotes per image and fold change in parasite numbers per hour |
Parasite kDNA and cell nucleus detected by Hoechst 33342. Parasites also identified by GFP staining in live imaging assay |
2 anti-trypanosomatid drugs |
Secondary assay (dose-response and cytotoxicity evaluation) |
(97)
|
Trypanosoma
|
|
Laboratory strain: Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene(44)
|
Rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
3,598 compounds from Calibr Diversity Library |
Secondary assay (screening and cytotoxicity evaluation) and dose-response assay. Protocol based on previous reports(60,69)
|
(84)
|
|
|
Laboratory strain: Talahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
GFP103103. Ferreira BL, Orikaza CM, Cordero EM, Mortara RA. Trypanosoma cruzi: single cell live imaging inside infected tissues. Cell Microbiol. 2016; 18(6): 779-83. |
Monkey kidney epithelial (LLCMK2) cells |
Number of intracellular amastigotes per well |
Cells nucleus detected by DAPI and amastigotes by GFP staining |
4 phenothiazinium dyes |
Primary screening (dose-response) |
104
104. Portapilla GB, Pereira LM, da Costa CMB, Providello MV, Oliveira PAS, Goulart A, et al. Phenothiazinium dyes are active against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 8301569.
|
|
|
Laboratory strain Tulahuen |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Mouse embryo fibroblasts (3T3) |
Number of amastigotes per cell and number of infected host cells per well |
Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected by Hoescht 33342 while cell cytoplasm by HCS CellMask Green™ |
472 compounds from Davis open access natural product-based library |
Primary screening and dose-response assay. Protocol based on a previous report(79)) |
(98)
|
Leishmania
|
L. donovani, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis
|
Laboratory strains: L. donovani (MHOM/IN/1980/DD8), L. amazonensis (MHOM/BR/1977/LTB0016) and L. braziliensis (MHOM/BR/1975/M2903)
|
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
1,280 compounds from LOPAC library |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves. Protocol based on a previous report(82)
|
(83)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/SD/62/1SCL2D, LdBOB |
Intracellular amastigotes |
GFP(53)
|
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of amastigotes per cell, infection ratio and number of parasites labeled with EdU |
Cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by DAPI while amastigotes by GFP staining. In the proliferation assay the incorporation of EdU in newly synthetized DNA was measured using Click-iTTM Plus Alexa FluorTM 647 Picolyl Azide Toolkit |
2 antileishmanial drugs |
Primary screening (dose-response) and proliferation assay. Protocol based on previous reports(53,60)) |
(74)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/SD/62/1S-cl2D |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and number of amastigotes per cell |
Parasites kDNA and cell nucleus detected by DAPI. Cell boundary was delineated around the nucleus object. |
909 bioactive compounds library from Iconix Biosciences |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves |
(96)
|
|
L. donovani, L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis,
L. major
|
Laboratory strains: L. donovani (MHOM/ET/67/HU3), L. amazonensis (MHOM/BR/73/M2269), L. braziliensis (MHOM/BR/ 2903) and L. major (MHOM/IL/81/FRIEDLIN) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected by Draq5. Individual cells were segmented after a series of computational tasks that use the nucleus as a seed point |
4 antileishmanial drugs |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay |
(82)
|
Leishmania
|
L. donovani and L. major
|
Laboratory strains: L. donovani (MHOM/ ET/67/HU3 ) and L. major (MHOM/IL/81/FRIEDLIN) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
124 compounds from TimTec library |
Hit confirmation assay (dose-response) |
(68)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/SD/62/1S-CL2D (LdBOB) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
Aequorea victoria eGFP |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and number of infected cells |
Cell nucleus and body detected by DAPI and HCS CellmaskTM Deep Red, respectively. Parasites detected by GFP staining |
15,659 diverse compounds library |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves |
(53)
|
|
LRV1-containing L. guyanensis
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/ BR/75/M4147 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Primary murine bone-marrow derived macrophages |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation) and number of amastigotes per cell |
Parasites DNA spots and cells nucleus detected by DAPI while cell cytoskeleton (cytosol) by phalloidin-Alexa488 |
1,520 compounds from Prestwick Chemical Library |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves. Protocol based on a previous report(76)
|
(57)
|
|
L. infantum and L. amazonensis
|
Laboratory strains: L. infantum (MHOM/MA/67/ITMAP-263) and L. amazonensis (MHOM/ BR/LTB0016) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Primary murine bone-marrow derived macrophages |
Number of amastigotes per cell and percentage of infected cells |
Parasites DNA spots and cells nucleus detected by DAPI while cell body by CellMaskTM Deep Red |
1 antileishmanial drug |
Primary screening (dose-response). Protocol based on previous reports(53,57,82,96)
|
(58)
|
|
L. donovani and L. amazonensis
|
Laboratory strains: L. donovani (MHOM/SD/62/1S-CL2D) and L. amazonensis (MPRO/BR/1972/M1841) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
mCherry (L. amazonensis) |
Primary murine bone-marrow derived macrophages |
L. donovani: Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and percentage of infected cells; L. amazonensis: Number of amastigotes, number of total host cells (TM, nucleus counting), number of healthy host cells (HM, based on nucleus size and intensity features), number of parasitophorous vacuoles (PV), viability index (HM/TM) and PV/HM ratio |
L. donovani assay: parasites DNA spots and cell nucleus detected by Hoescht 33342 while cell body by HCS CellMaskTM Blue. Parasites detected by immunostaining using hamster (infected with L. donovani) immune serum and secondary antibody anti-hamster conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488; L. amazonensis assay: cell nucleus, parasitophorous vacuoles and parasites detected by Hoescht 33342, LysoTracker Green DND-26 and mCherry staining, respectively |
188 compounds from Leish-Box |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay (L.donovani and L. amazonensis). A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves (L. donovani). Protocol based on a previous report(76)
|
(75)
|
Leishmania
|
L. major, L. donovani and L. infantum
|
Laboratory strains: L. major (MHOM/SU/73/5ASKH), L. donovani (BPK190), L. infantum (MHOM /FR/91/LEM 2259, belonging to zymodeme MON-1 clone 3511) and L. braziliensis (MHOM/PE/01/PER005 cl.2) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Primary murine bone-marrow derived macrophages |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per well, number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Cell nucleus detected by DAPI while cell cytoplasm and parasites detected by immunostaining using mouse anti-Hsp9 primary antibody and anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647 |
6 immunostimulatory EhPIb-compounds |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay |
(77)
|
|
L. amazonensis
|
LV79 (MPRO/BR/1972/M1841) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
DsRed2105105. Lecoeur H, de La Llave E, Osorio Y Fortéa J, Goyard S, Kiefer-Biasizzo H, Balazuc A-M, et al. Sorting of Leishmania-bearing dendritic cells reveals subtle parasite-induced modulation of host-cell gene expression. Microbes Infect. 2010; 12(1): 46-54.
|
Primary murine bone-marrow derived macrophages |
Number of amastigotes, number of total host cells (TM, nucleus counting), number of healthy host cells (HM, based on nucleus size and intensity features), number of parasitophorous vacuoles (PV), viability index (HM/TM) and PV/HM ratio |
Cell nucleus, parasitophorous vacuoles and parasites detected by Hoescht 33342, LysoTracker Green DND-26 and DsRed2 staining, respectively |
60 compounds with established or potential leishmanicidal, antifungal or antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves |
(76)
|
|
L. mexicana
|
MNYC/BZ/62/ M379 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), average number of amastigotes per cell and frequency distribution of intracellular amastigotes |
Parasites detected by CellTrackerTM Orange CMRA while cell body and nucleus detected by CellTrackerTM Green CMFDA and DAPI, respectively |
3 antileishmanial drugs |
Primary screening (dose-response) and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay |
(78)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Recent clinical isolates sensitive and resistant to pentavalent antimonials (SSG):SSG-sensitive (MHOM/NP/03/BPK282/0 clone 4) and SSG-resistant (MHOM/NP/03/BPK275/0 clone 18) |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cells nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
130 compounds from Leish-box (GSK) |
Primary screening (dose-response). Protocol based on previous reports(53,60)
|
(67)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/SD/62/1S-CL2D |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Parasites DNA spots as well as cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by Draq5 |
1,742 bioactive compounds from MedChem Express |
Primary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves. Protocol based on a previous report(82)
|
(95)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/SD/62/1S-CL2D, LdBOB |
Intracellular amastigotes |
Aequorea victoria eGFP |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by DAPI while parasites by GFP staining |
32,200 compounds from GlaxoSmithKline HTS screening collection |
Secondary screening and dose-response assay (also cytotoxicity evaluation). Protocol based on previous reports(53,76)
|
(60)
|
Leishmania
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/SD/62/1S-CL2D, LdBOB |
Intracellular amastigotes |
Aequorea victoria eGFP |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of host cells (cytotoxicity evaluation), number of amastigotes per cell and infection ratio |
Cell nucleus and cytoplasm detected by DAPI while parasites by GFP staining |
1,392 compounds from Diversity Library from Calibr |
Secondary screening and cytotoxicity evaluation performed in the same assay. A similar method was used to generate the dose-response curves. Protocol based on previous reports(60,74)) |
(84)
|
|
L. donovani |
Laboratory strain: MHOM/IN/80 DD8 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of amastigotes per cell and number of infected cells normalized to the positive and negative controls |
Parasites DNA spots detected by SYBR green while cell body and nucleus by CellMaskTM Deep Red and SYBR green, respectively |
472 natural product-derived library from Davis open access |
Primary screening and dose-response assay. Protocol based on a previous report(99)
|
(98)
|
|
L. donovani
|
Laboratory strain: MHOM/IN/80 DD8 |
Intracellular amastigotes |
None |
Human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) |
Number of amastigotes per cell and number of infected cells normalized to the positive and negative controls |
Parasites DNA spots detected by SYBR green while cell body and nucleus by CellMaskTM Deep Red and SYBR green, respectively |
400 compounds from Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box |
Primary screening and dose-response assay |
(99)
|