Stroke Phase: Hand entry into the water
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1. How does the hand enter the water? |
The hand enters in the water at the shoulder line, but very close to the head (short arm stroke). |
The hand enters the water in or out of the shoulder line. |
The hand enters the water at the shoulder line and in front of the head. |
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2. How is hand positioned when entering the water? |
The hand enters the water with the palm facing inward. |
The hand enters the water with the palm facing outwards. |
The hand enters the water with the palm slightly facing down or out. |
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3. Which part of the hand touches the water first? |
The fingertips are not the first part to touch the water. |
The fingertips are the first part to touch the water. |
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4. What is the direction of the hand when it enters the water? |
The hand is directed straight downward after touching the water. |
The hand is directed straight inward after touching the water. |
The hand is directed straight outward after touching the water. |
The hand is directed straight ahead after touching the water. |
5. How is the arm positioned after the hand touches the water? |
The elbow is not fully extended after the hand touches the water. |
The elbow is fully extended after the hand touches the water. |
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6. How does the trunk moves after the hand touches the water? |
The trunk rotates excessively (> 45 °) after the hand touches the water. |
The trunk does not rotate, or rotation is very discreet after the hand touches the water. |
The trunk is continuously and slightly inclined (~ 45°) to the same side of the hand entering the water; however, there is no balanced rotation for both sides. |
The trunk is continuously and slightly inclined (~ 45°) to the same side of the hand entering the water; there is a balanced rotation to both sides. |
7. How is head positioned throughout the entry and the glide of the hand in the water? |
The cervical spine is at hyperflexion (with the chin very close to the chest). |
The cervical spine is hyperextended (with eyes facing forward). |
The cervical spine is in a natural position and trunk extension (looking down or slightly forward). |
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8. Which kind of movement the head performs throughout the entry and the glide of the hand in the water? |
It performs lateral movements. |
It performs frontal movements. |
It keeps unmoved. |
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Stroke Phase: Catch
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9. How is hand positioned throughout the catch phase? |
The palm is facing downwards (bottom of the pool). |
The palm is facing inwards. |
The palm is facing outwards. |
The palm is facing backward (feet direction). |
10. How is elbow positioned at the catch phase? |
It is extended. |
It is flexed and lies below the hand. |
It is flexed and at the same level as the hand. |
It is slightly flexed and higher than the hand. |
Stroke Phase: Pull and Push
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11. How is hand positioning at the beginning of the pull until the end of the push phase? |
The palm is not facing backward throughout the phase. |
Initially the palm is facing backward, but throughout the phase it turns inward. |
Initially the palm is facing backward, but throughout the phase it turns outward. |
The palm is facing backward initially and throughout the phase. |
12. How is the elbow angle at the end of the pull phase? |
It assumes an angle much lower than 90°. |
It assumes an angle slightly greater than 90°. |
It assumes an almost complete extension angle. |
It assumes an angle of approximately 90°. |
13. How is the hand trajectory throughout the pull and push phase? |
The hand crosses the midline of the trunk (to the opposite side). |
The hand passes much laterally (out) from the midline of the trunk. |
The hand passes a little laterally (out) from the midline of the trunk. |
The hand passes close to the midline of the trunk but does not cross it. |
14. How is hand positioned at the end of the push phase? |
The palm is facing inward. |
The palm is facing outward. |
The palm is facing backward. |
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15. How is the hand trajectory throughout the end of the push phase? |
The palm is directed downward. |
The palm is directed outward. |
The palm is directed inward. |
The palm is directed backward and upward. |
16. How is the elbow angle at the end of the push phase? |
It is not completely extended. |
It is completely extended. |
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17. How is the hand speed throughout the subaquatic phase (pull and push)? |
It is performed at a constant speed. |
It is performed with pauses. |
It is performed at increasing speed. |
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18. How is the swimmer's displacement while performing front crawl stroke? |
Apparently, it is inefficient. |
Apparently, it is slightly efficient. |
Apparently, it is very efficient. |
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Stroke Phase: Recovery
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19. How is elbow movement throughout arm recovery? |
It remains more extended, being directed to the side and forward, by the side of the body. |
It is flexed, directed straight forward, and slightly to the side of the body. |
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20. How is elbow angle throughout arm recovery? |
It is bent, low, close to water level or hand level. |
It is at full or almost complete extension near the water level. |
It is at full or almost complete extension, and far from the water level. |
It is flexed, elevated, away from water, and above hand level. |