Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness, physical activity, sleep quality, metabolic/inflamatory profile, body fatness, smoking and alcohol consumption in young adults

Maillane-Vanegas, Santiago; Turi-Lynch, Bruna Camilo; Lira, Fabio Santos de; Codogno, Jamile Sanches; Fernandes, Rômulo Araújo; Lima, Manoel Carlos Spiguel de; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides; Kemper, Han C. G.

doi:10.1590/S1980-6574201700030020

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Original Article • Motriz: rev. educ. fis. 23 (03) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201700030020 copy

Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness, physical activity, sleep quality, metabolic/inflamatory profile, body fatness, smoking and alcohol consumption in young adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

AIM

The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the relationship between sleep disorder and intima-media thickness.

METHOD

Baseline measurements included carotid intima-media thickness, assessed by an ultrasound device; questionnaires about sleep and other behavioral variables; physical activity was measured by pedometer; body fatness was estimated by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry; fasting glucose, lipid profile and C-reactive protein were collected.

RESULTS

The occurrence rate of sleep-related disorders was 47% (95%CI= 37.2%-56.7%). Carotid intima-media thickness was related to symptoms of insomnia (r= 0.328 [0.141 to 0.493]) and, after adjustments for potential confounders, the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and insomnia remained statistically significant (β= 0.121 [95%CI= 0.017; 0.225]).

CONCLUSIONS

In young adults, sleep disorder was significantly related to premature increase in carotid intima-media thickness.

Keywords
Aatherosclerosis; insulin resistance; lipid profile; diabetes mellitus

Independent Variables	Good Sleep (n= 53)	Disturbed Sleep (n= 47)	Cohen’s d _{(effect size)}
Independent Variables	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Cohen’s d _{(effect size)}
Sex (M/F)	30 / 23	24 / 23	---
Age _(years)	38.7 (3.8)	39.7 (5.8)	-0.206 ^Small
Glucose _(mg/dL)	90.9 (9.1)	98.2 (32.6)	-0.313 ^Small
Insulin	5.6 (3.2)	7.6 (4.6)^* * = Student t test with p-value < 0.05; CIMT= carotid intima media thickness; HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance; BF= body fatness; hsCRP= high sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP= diastolic blood pressure.	-0.510 ^Medium
hsCRP _(mg/dL)	3.1 (3.9)	3.1 (3.9)	-0.225 ^Small
HOMA-IR	1.29 (0.84)	1.92 (1.51)^* * = Student t test with p-value < 0.05; CIMT= carotid intima media thickness; HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance; BF= body fatness; hsCRP= high sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP= diastolic blood pressure.	-0.524 ^Medium
Steps/day	9731.4 (3746.3)	7743.9 (3181.1)^* * = Student t test with p-value < 0.05; CIMT= carotid intima media thickness; HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance; BF= body fatness; hsCRP= high sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP= diastolic blood pressure.	0.569 ^Medium
BF _(%)	29.4 (11.3)	34.8 (9.9)^* * = Student t test with p-value < 0.05; CIMT= carotid intima media thickness; HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance; BF= body fatness; hsCRP= high sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP= diastolic blood pressure.	-0.506 ^Medium
SBP _(mmHg)	110.7 (12.9)	111.6 (10.6)	-0.076 ^Trivial
DBP _(mmHg)	77.7 (7.5)	78.9 (8.1)	-0.154 ^Trivial
CMIT _(mm)	0.63 (0.15)	0.70 (0.14)^* * = Student t test with p-value < 0.05; CIMT= carotid intima media thickness; HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance; BF= body fatness; hsCRP= high sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP= diastolic blood pressure.	-0.481 ^Small

Independent variables	CIMT	MSQ _overall	MSQ _Insomnia	MSQ _hypersomnia
r (95%CI)	r (95%CI)	r (95%CI)	r (95%CI)
Behavioral variables
Physical activity (mean steps/day)	-0.09 (-0.28 to 0.10)	-0.29 (-0.46 to -0.09)*	-0.19 (-0.37 to -0.01)	-0.31 (-0.46 to -0.11)*
Smoking (cigarettes/day)	0.34 (0.15 to 0.50)*	0.13 (-0.06 to 0.31)	0.08 (-0.11 to 0.27)	0.14 (-0.05 to 0.32)
Alcohol (days/week)	0.20 (0.01 to 0.38)*	0.07 (-0.12 to 0.26)	0.17 (-0.02 to 0.35)	0.01 (-0.18 to 0.20)
Control variables
HOMA-IR	0.10 (-0.09 to 0.29)	0.20 (0.01 to 0.38)*	0.20 (0.01 to 0.38)*	0.17 (-0.02 to 0.35)
hsCRP (mg/dL)	-0.02 (-0.22 to 0.16)	0.15 (-0.04 to 0.33)	-0.01 (-0.20 to 0.18)	0.20 (0.01 to 0.38)*
BF (%)	-0.01 (-0.20 to 0.18)	0.31 (0.12 to 0.47)*	0.21 (0.02 to 0.38)*	0.31 (0.12 to 0.47)*
Sex	-0.16 (-0.34 to 0.03)	0.03 (-0.16 to 0.22)	0.01 (-0.18 to 0.20)	0.04 (-0.15 to 0.23)
Age (yes)	0.26 (0.06 to 0.43)*	0.04 (-0.15 to 0.23)	0.19 (0.01 to 0.37)*	-0.04 (-0.23 to 0.15)
SBP (mmHg)	0.19 (0.01 to 0.38)*	0.04 (-0.15 to 0.23)	0.05 (-0.14 to 0.24)	0.02 (-0.17 to 0.21)
DBP (mmHg)	0.18 (-0.01 to 0.36)	0.10 (-0.09 to 0.29)	0.06 (-0.13 to 0.25)	0.09 (-0.10 to 0.28)
Sleep variables
MSQ _overall	0.20 (0.01 to 0.38)*	---	---	---
MSQ _Insomnia	0.30 (0.11 to 0.46)*	---	---	---
MSQ _hypersomnia	0.10 (-0.09 to 0.29)	---	---	---

	Linear Regression Models
Independent Variables	Outcome: carotid Intima Media Thickness
	β	(β_95%CI)	p-value
Model - 1
MSQ _overall	0.158	(-0.050 to 0.365)	0.135
MSQ _Insomnia	0.191	(0.026 to 0.356)	0.023
Model - 2
Smoking (cigarettes/day)	0.071	(0.010 to 0.133)	0.024
Alcohol (days/week)	0.021	(-0.004 to 0.046)	0.099
Model - 3
Cluster _{smoke, alcohol and physical inactivity}	0.030	(0.006 to 0.054)	0.014

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[1] Corresponding author
: Santiago Maillane Vanegas. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP. Rua Roberto Símonsen 300, Centro Educacional. 19060 - 900, Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil). santiagovanegas16@gmail.com