References |
Obesity Animal Models |
AerobicExerciseProtocols |
Resultson Cardiovascular System |
Xiang L, et al. 2005 (42) |
Obese Zucker Rats (OZR) |
Treadmill (24 m/min) for 4-5 wk, (10-day acclimation period). |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -No difference in MAP; -Improved functional hyperemia and endothelial-dependent vasodilation in the spinotrapezius muscle. |
De Moraes C, et al. 2008(9) |
Male Wistar rats, high-caloric diet |
Treadmill (70-80% VO2max), 1h/day, 5 days/wk for 12 wk. |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -No difference in NOx- levels; -Improved relaxation responses to acetylcholine in aortic and mesenteric rings; -Increased protein expression of CuZn-SOD in aorta and mesenteric arteries. |
Sebai M, et al. 2011 (43) |
Obese Zucker Rats (OZR) |
Treadmill (24 m/min), 30 min/day, 5 days/wk for 6 wk. |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -Increased VO2max and workload; -Improved functional vasodilation in spinotrapezius and cremaster muscles. |
Touati S, et al. 2011(44) |
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, high-fat diet for 12 wk. |
Treadmill (27 m/min), 60 min/day, 5 days/wk for 12 wk. |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -Decreased SAP and atherogenic index; -Improved endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and insulin in aorta; -Increased to contents of aortic p-Akt at Serin473 and peNOS at Serin1177. |
Barbosa VA, et al. 2012 (45) |
Male Wistar rats, high fat-diet for 8 wk |
Treadmill (1.0 km/h), 50 min/day, 5 days/wk for 8 wk. |
Obese Trained vs Obese Sedentary rats -Decreased TBARS and superoxide in myocardial tissue; -Decreased TBARS, superoxide and carbonyl content in aorta; -Increased CuZn-SOD, CAT and GPx activities in myocardial and aorta. |
Barretti DL, et al. 2012 (46) |
ObeseZuckerRats (OZR) |
Swimming sessions (1h/day, 5 days/wk, for 10 wk), wearing caudal dumbbells weighing 5% of their body weight. |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -No difference in the systemic ACE activity, resting heart rate and cardiac function; -Prevented increase in cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac ACE activity, Ang II and AT2 receptor; -Increased cardiac protein expression and activity of ACE2. |
Mostarda C, et al. 2012 (47) |
Male Wistar rats, overload of D-fructose (100 g/l) in drinking water for 10 wk |
Treadmill (50-70% of the maximum running speed), 1h/day, 5 days/wk for 10 wk. |
Obese Trained vs Obese Sedentary rats -Improvement in SAP, DAP, MAP, and diastolic function; -No difference in HR, and systolic function. |
Moraes-Silva IC, et al. 2013 (48) |
Male Wistar rats overload of D-fructose (100 g/l) in drinking water for 10 wk |
Treadmill (50 -70% maximal running speed, 0.6 -1.3 km/h, 0% inclination), 1h/day, 5 days/wk for 10 wk. |
Obese Trained vs Obese Sedentary rats -Improvement in SAP, DAP, MAP, HRV, SAPV, RMSSD, TR and BR; -No difference in HR. |
Boa BC, et al. 2014 (49) |
Male hamsters, high-fat chow starting on the 21st day of birth, for 12 wk. |
Treadmill (50-70% of VO2max), 1h/day, 5days/wk for 8 wk. |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -Decreased MAP and HR; -Improved endothelial-dependent vasodilation in microcirculatory and the macromolecular permeability after ischemia/reperfusion in three 2ndto 3rdorder arterioles; -Increased eNOS protein expression in thoracic aorta. |
Oharomari LK, et al. 2014 (50) |
Male Wistar rats, highly palatable diet for 11 wk |
Treadmill (60% maximal running speed), 1h/day, 5 days/wk for 7 wk. |
Obese Trained vs Obese Sedentary rats -Improved relaxation response in aorta; -Increased protein expression of Ec-SOD, CuZn-SOD and reduced gp91phoxin aorta; -Decreased superoxide formation in aorta. |
Pieri BL, et al. 2014 (51) |
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) Wistar rats |
Treadmill 50-min/day, 5 days/wk, velocity of 1.0 km/h for 8 wk. |
Obese Trained vs Obese Sedentary rats -Increased p-P38MAPK, REDD1, and 14-3-3 protein levels in the myocardium of trained obese rats. |
Touati S, et al. 2015 (52) |
Male Sprague-Dawleyrats, high-fat diet for 12 wk. |
Treadmill (27 m/min),60 min/day, 5 days/wk for 12 wk. |
Obese Trained vsObese Sedentary rats -Decreased NADPH oxidase activity in aorta; -No difference in Nox1 and Nox2 expression in aorta. -Decreased protein expression of Nox4, p47phox translocation, VCAM-1, pERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and pJNK/SAPK (Thr183/Tyr185) in aorta; -Increased CuZn-SOD protein expression in aorta. |