The influence of rules manipulation on offensive patterns during small-sided and conditioned games in football

Machado, João Cláudio; Alcântara, Chellsea; Palheta, Carlos; Santos, João Otacílio Libardoni dos; Barreira, Daniel; Scaglia, Alcides José

doi:10.1590/S1980-6574201600040012

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Original Article • Motriz: rev. educ. fis. 22 (04) • Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201600040012 copy

The influence of rules manipulation on offensive patterns during small-sided and conditioned games in football

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study analyzed the influence of rules manipulation on offensive patterns in different Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCGs). Fourteen young soccer players (13.82 ± 1.94 years) performed two different SSCG formats (6v6+Gk): Maintenance of Ball Possession Game (MPG) and Progression to the Target Game (PTG). Both games were played on a field 52 m long by 32 m wide. We used the Offensive Sequences Characterization System (OSCS) and SoccerEye software to analyze offensive sequences. For statistical analysis, we used the Mann-Whitney test to compare variables that compose the OSCS between the two SSCGs, while the SDIS-GSEQ software allowed us to detect offensive patterns. We concluded that the rule manipulation of SSCGs influenced changes in teams' offensive patterns, in which they self-organized according to manipulation of key task constraints.

Keywords
football; constraints-led approach; tactical behavior

Small-Sides and Conditioned Games	Rules	Definition
Maintenance of Ball Possession Game (MPG)	First Rule	Each player could do a maximum of two touches on the ball, where extra points to the opposing team were registered for each extra touch on the ball given by the same player.
	Second Rule	The players of the team who were with the ball possession should make constant switches of lines/zones, which were pre-determined in the field with cones of different colors, and were registered an extra point to the team that could circulate the ball from one side path to the other.
	Third Rule	Each time that the team that was with the ball possession could make five passes without returning the ball to the player who had just made the pass, the team obtained two points.
	Fourth Rule	The goal could only be scored after five passes, thus earning eight points.
Progression to the Target Game (PTG)	First Rule	The passes made by the players could only be carried out towards the opposing goal, in which each time the player disrespected this rule it would result in an extra point given to the opposing team, being allowed the performance of backwards passes only on two occasions, in the recovery of the ball possession and in an assistance
	Second Rule	Every goal scored made through a backwards pass would worth five points, while the goal scored in an offensive sequence in which the last pass were performed just towards the opposing goal it would worth ten points
	Third Rule	Whenever the team could break into a pre-defined area by the cones (risk area) would obtain three points.

Performance Indicators	Maintaining Ball Possession Game			Progression to the Target Game
Performance Indicators	Median	Min.	Max.	Median	Min.	Max.
Duration of Ball Possession (s)	15,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	2	94	11,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	2	86
Players Involved	4,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	1,0	7,0	3,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	1,0	6,0
Ball Touches	8,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	1,0	32,0	6,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	1,0	22,0
Passes	4,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	21	2,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	9
Shots	0,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	2,0	0,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	2,0
Players Involved/Duration	0,27	0,06	1,00	0,25	0,04	0,67
Ball Touches/Duration	0,51	0,17	1,25	0,58	0,06	2,00
Passes/Duration	0,25^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	0,67	0,18^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	0,43
Ball Touches/Players Involved	2,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	1,00	5,33	2,25^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	1,00	13,00
Passes/Players Involved	1,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	3,50	0,66^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	2,00
Passes/Ball Touches	0,50^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	0,80	0,33^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	0,80
Goal/Shots	0,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	1,0	0,00^* * Statistically significant difference between the Maintenance of Ball Possession Game and the Progression to the Target Game (p < 0,05).	0,00	1,00
Offensive Sequences (Total)	173			196

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[1] *Corresponding author: João Cláudio Machado. Address: Federal University of Amazonas, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Brazil; Av, General Rodrigo Octávio, 3000; Campus Universitário; Manaus/AM. joaoclaudiomachado@gmail.com