Effect of Nickel Powder Buffering Layer on Microstructure and Hardness Properties of High Carbon Steel / Stainless Steel Arc Stud Welding

Abstract

In this study, arc stud welding process was employed for welding AISI 316 stainless steel studs to AISI 1060 high carbon steel plates. A disc of Ni powder prepared and used as a buffering layer to enhance the properties of welding area. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the microstructure. Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) tests were performed to analyse and identify elements and phases, respectively in the weld region. The results observed that Ni powder prevented the direct contact between the dissimilar base metals. Existing of Ni altered the microstructure of the weld zone and encouraged dendritic type over cellular. Hardness reduced in the weld region from 600 HV to 200 HV due to the effect of Ni powder which prevented the formation of brittle Fe-Cr phase.

Keywords:
Arc stud welding; AISI 316 stainless steel; AISI 1060 carbon steel; dissimilar welding; microstructure; hardness; Fe-Cr phase