Epoxy |
PP stalk |
20 |
24.95 |
49.3 |
2.98 |
Present work |
Jute/PP hybrid |
20 |
30.91 |
59.38 |
3.62 |
Glass/PP hybrid |
20 |
54.04 |
111.92 |
45.68 |
Epoxy |
Bagasse |
30 |
29.23 |
- |
4.5 (J/m) |
21
21 Prasad L, Kumar S, Patel RV, Yadav A, Kumar V, Winczek J. Physical and mechanical behaviour of sugarcane bagasse fibre-reinforced epoxy bio-composites. Materials. 2020;13(23):1-13.
|
Epoxy |
Groundnut shell |
12.5 |
36.66 |
43.43 |
- |
32
32 Jacob Olaitan A, Emmanuel Terhemen A, Danladi King G, Rapheal Oluwatoyin O. Comparative assessment of mechanical properties of groundnut shell and rice husk reinforced epoxy composites. Am J Mech Eng. 2017;5(3):76-86.
|
Rice husk |
12.5 |
12.71 |
22.72 |
- |
Epoxy |
Banana |
16 |
16.39 |
57.53 |
2.25 |
33
33 Venkateshwaran N, Elayaperumal A, Jagatheeshwaran MS. Effect of fiber length and fiber content on mechanical properties of banana fiber/epoxy composite. J Reinf Plast Compos. 2011;30(19):1621-7.
|
Epoxy |
Coir |
30 |
13.05 |
35.42 |
17.5 |
39
39 Biswas S, Kindo S, Patnaik A. Effect of fiber length on mechanical behavior of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Fibers Polym. 2011;12(1):73-8.
|
Epoxy |
Date palm |
50 |
36.17 |
58.2 |
10.69 (J/m) |
40
40 Supian ABM, Jawaid M, Rashid B, Fouad H, Saba N, Dhakal HN, et al. Mechanical and physical performance of date palm/bamboo fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. J Mater Res Technol. 2021;15:1330-41.
|
Epoxy |
Sunflower husk |
15 |
25 |
42 |
- |
41
41 Barczewski M, Sałasińska K, Szulc J. Application of sunflower husk, hazelnut shell and walnut shell as waste agricultural fillers for epoxy-based composites: a study into mechanical behavior related to structural and rheological properties. Polym Test. 2019;75:1-11.
|
Hazelnut shell |
15 |
28 |
58 |
- |
Walnut shell |
15 |
35 |
48 |
- |
Epoxy |
Coconut shell |
15 |
41.3 |
68.25 |
- |
42
42 Ojha S, Raghavendra G, Acharya SK. A comparative investigation of bio waste filler (wood apple-coconut) reinforced polymer composites. Polym Compos. 2014;35(1):180-5.
|
Wood apple |
15 |
43.6 |
78.19 |
- |
Epoxy |
Soya fiber |
20 |
53.56 |
94.59 |
3.61 |
43
43 Vinod A, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, Fischer S. Fully bio-based agro-waste soy stem fiber reinforced bio-epoxy composites for lightweight structural applications: influence of surface modification techniques. Constr Build Mater. 2021;303:124509.
|
Epoxy |
Napier grass |
20 |
28.45 |
56.21 |
- |
44
44 Kommula VP, Reddy KO, Shukla M, Marwala T, Rajulu AV. Mechanical properties, water absorption, and chemical resistance of napier grass fiber strand–reinforced epoxy resin composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact. 2014;19(8):693-708.
|
Epoxy |
Curaua |
50 |
30.29 |
67.45 |
- |
28
28 Jawaid M, Khalil HPSA. Effect of layering pattern on the dynamic mechanical properties and thermal degradation of oil palm-jute fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composite. BioResources. 2011;6(3):2309-22.
|
Polyester resin |
Ricinus communis |
40 |
20.1 |
43.2 |
41.4 |
45
45 Nijandhan K, Muralikannan R, Venkatachalam S. Ricinus communis fiber as potential reinforcement for lightweight polymer composites. Mater Res Express. 2018;5(9):95307.
|
Unsaturated polyester |
Sisal/ silk hybrid |
25 |
18.94 |
46.18 |
- |
46
46 Noorunnisa Khanam P, Mohan Reddy M, Raghu K, John K, Venkata Naidu S. Tensile, flexural and compressive properties of sisal/silk hybrid composites. J Reinf Plast Compos. 2007;26(10):1065-70.
|
Polypropylene |
Pineapple/Betel nut hybrid |
10 |
28 |
44 |
- |
34
34 Jahan E, Akter M, Hasan M. Effect of fibre ratio and chemical treatment on the properties of pineapple leaf and betel nut husk fibre-reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites. Adv Mater Process Technol. 2020;6(3):637-46.
|
Polypropylene |
Kenaf |
30 |
15.83 |
29.34 |
14.5 |
35
35 Feng NL, Malingam SD, Razali N, Subramonian S. Alkali and silane treatments towards exemplary mechanical properties of kenaf and pineapple leaf fibre-reinforced composites. J Bionics Eng. 2020;17(2):380-92.
|
Pineapple |
30 |
17.07 |
45.25 |
15.0 |
Polypropylene |
Pigeon pea |
30 |
25.0 |
47.0 |
28 (J/m) |
16
16 Luthra P, Singh R, Kapur GS. Preparation and studies of pigeon pea stalk/polypropylene composites with and without compatibilizer. Polym Polymer Compos. 2019;27(6):337-46.
|
Polypropylene |
Banana peel |
20 |
26.3 |
38.8 |
29 (J/m) |
36
36 Luthra P, Singh R, Kapur GS. Development of polypropylene/banana peel (treated and untreated) composites with and without compatibilizer and their studies. Mater Res Express. 2019;6(9):95313.
|
Polypropylene |
Betel nut |
30 |
27.0 |
55.0 |
1.6 |
37
37 Chakrabarty J, Hassan MM, Khan MA. Effect of surface treatment on betel nut (Areca catechu) fiber in polypropylene composite. J Polym Environ. 2012;20(2):501-6.
|
Polylactic acid |
Juliflore wood |
20 |
24.89 |
67.73 |
1.09 |
38
38 Raj SS, Kannan TK, Rajasekar R. Influence of prosopis juliflora wood flour in poly lactic acid - developing a novel bio-wood plastic composite. Polímeros. 2020;30(1):1-11.
|