Maté crop, Ilex paraguariensis, is the economic base of several municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. Despite the fact of presenting hundreds of associated insects, family Formicidae has not been registered yet. Therefore, aiming to identify ant species visiting I. paraguariensis, collections were made in two maté crop areas, one with healthy plants and the other with plants attacked by Hedypathes betulinus, and in a third small area. At the same time, tests with termites to simulate possible herbivores were conducted in order to evaluate predator activity of the ants which forage in I. paraguariensis. Considering the evaluated areas, sixteen ant species were found in maté. Significant interaction between ants and extrafloral nectaries in I. paraguariensis was not observed, and differential protection of leaves (with extrafloral nectaries) compared to stem (without extrafloral nectaries) did not occur. The greatest occurrence of ants in maté with Homoptera, as well as nesting in galleries left by H. betulinus (Cerambycidae) suggests that ants are only exploring resources provided by other insects.
Insecta; Hedypathes betulinus; ant-plant interactions
