A new mouth brooder species of Gymnogeophagus with hypertrophied lips (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

A new mouth breeder species of Gymnogeophagus is described from a tributary of the río Uruguay. It is distinguished from most species of the genus by the presence of hypertrophied lips, and from G. labiatus and G. pseudolabiatus by the color pattern. The presence of successive allopatric species of the Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys clade inhabiting the tributaries of the río Uruguay is discussed.

Keywords:
Distribution; Endemism; Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys clade; New species; Río Uruguay

Authorship

Andréia Turcati

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, (AT) bioturcati@gmail.com, (LRM) malabarb@ufrgs.br, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-3735 (corresponding author)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, (AT) bioturcati@gmail.com, (LRM) malabarb@ufrgs.br, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-3735 (corresponding author)

Wilson Sebastián Serra-Alanis

Sección Ictiología, Dpto. de Zoología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, CC 399, Montevideo, Uruguay. Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Sede Rocha, Ruta 15 y Ruta 9, Rocha, Uruguay, serraelbicho@gmail.comCentro Universitario Regional del EsteUruguayRocha, UruguaySección Ictiología, Dpto. de Zoología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, CC 399, Montevideo, Uruguay. Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Sede Rocha, Ruta 15 y Ruta 9, Rocha, Uruguay, serraelbicho@gmail.com

Luiz R. Malabarba

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-3735

Edited by William Crampton

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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Fig. 1
Anterior portion of dorsal-fin skeleton of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion (anterior towards left), UFRGS 8076, paratype, 74.2 mm SL. Arrow indicates the anterior spine in the first dorsal pterygiophore. Note the lack of supraneurals between supraoccipital and first dorsal pterygio phore.

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Fig. 2
Head of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion (first column), G. pseudolabiatus (second column) and G. mekinos (third column) showing the entirely black hump in males in G. peliochelynion (vs. yellow with black margin), and upper lip not folded dorsally over anterior margin of snout (vs. upper lip folded dorsally in G. pseudolabiatus and undeveloped in G. mekinos). G. peliochelynion from top to bottom, paratype, ZVC-P 13210, paratype, 76.3 mm SL; ZVC-P 7016, 89.9 mm SL; ZVC-P 13057, 90.2 mm SL. G. pseudolabiatus from top to bottom, paratype, UFRGS 7754, 102.0 mm SL; MHNM 4010, 88.8 mm SL; MHNM 4010, 95.3 mm SL. G. mekinos from top to bottom, MHNM 3511, 105.1 mm SL; MHNM 3511, 97.2 mm SL; MHNM 4009, 121.3 mm SL.

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Fig. 3
Pharyngeal tooth plate of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion, 74.2 mm SL, UFRGS 8076, paratype. Dorsal view; anterior to bottom.

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Fig. 4
Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion: top, holotype, male, ZVC-P 12493, 101.9 SL; bottom, paratype, female, UFRGS 8076, 77.2 SL. Both from arroyo de las Tunas on road 31, tributary of río Arapey Grande, Salto, Uruguay. Photographs taken just after collection and fixation in formalin.

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Fig. 5
Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion: above, paratype, male, ZVC-P 13210, paratype, 76.3 mm SL, río Arapey, Colonia Lavalleja, Paso Elías, Salto, Uruguay; below, female, ZVC-P 13057, 65.3 mm SL, Arroyo Sopas, Paso del Cementerio, Salto, Uruguay. Photographs of live specimens.

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Fig. 6
Geographic distribution of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion (yellow; star refers to type locality), G. cf. peliochelynion (orange) and other species of the Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys clade: G. lipokarenos (blue), G. constellatus (green), G. missioneiro (red), G. tiraparae (white), G. mekinos (black), G. pseudolabiatus (pink) in the río Uruguay basin. Records of Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos and Gymnogeophagus constellatus from Argentina (triangles) are based on Casciotta et al. (2017bCasciotta J, Almirón A, Říčanová Š, Dragová K, Piálek L, Alonso F, Říčan O. First record of Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from Argentina. Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 2017b; 54:1-5.) and Říčan et al. (2017Říčan O, Piálek L, Říčanová Š, Dragová K, Almirón A, Casciotta J. First record of Gymnogeophagus constellatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from Argentina. Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos . 2017; 56:1-3.), respectively.

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Tab. 1
Morphometric data of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion, new species. Standard length is expressed in mm. Range includes measurements of holotype and 22 paratypes, except individuals smaller than 45 mm SL.

Fig. 1 Anterior portion of dorsal-fin skeleton of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion (anterior towards left), UFRGS 8076, paratype, 74.2 mm SL. Arrow indicates the anterior spine in the first dorsal pterygiophore. Note the lack of supraneurals between supraoccipital and first dorsal pterygio phore.

Fig. 2 Head of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion (first column), G. pseudolabiatus (second column) and G. mekinos (third column) showing the entirely black hump in males in G. peliochelynion (vs. yellow with black margin), and upper lip not folded dorsally over anterior margin of snout (vs. upper lip folded dorsally in G. pseudolabiatus and undeveloped in G. mekinos). G. peliochelynion from top to bottom, paratype, ZVC-P 13210, paratype, 76.3 mm SL; ZVC-P 7016, 89.9 mm SL; ZVC-P 13057, 90.2 mm SL. G. pseudolabiatus from top to bottom, paratype, UFRGS 7754, 102.0 mm SL; MHNM 4010, 88.8 mm SL; MHNM 4010, 95.3 mm SL. G. mekinos from top to bottom, MHNM 3511, 105.1 mm SL; MHNM 3511, 97.2 mm SL; MHNM 4009, 121.3 mm SL.

Fig. 3 Pharyngeal tooth plate of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion, 74.2 mm SL, UFRGS 8076, paratype. Dorsal view; anterior to bottom.

Fig. 4 Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion: top, holotype, male, ZVC-P 12493, 101.9 SL; bottom, paratype, female, UFRGS 8076, 77.2 SL. Both from arroyo de las Tunas on road 31, tributary of río Arapey Grande, Salto, Uruguay. Photographs taken just after collection and fixation in formalin.

Fig. 5 Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion: above, paratype, male, ZVC-P 13210, paratype, 76.3 mm SL, río Arapey, Colonia Lavalleja, Paso Elías, Salto, Uruguay; below, female, ZVC-P 13057, 65.3 mm SL, Arroyo Sopas, Paso del Cementerio, Salto, Uruguay. Photographs of live specimens.

Fig. 6 Geographic distribution of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion (yellow; star refers to type locality), G. cf. peliochelynion (orange) and other species of the Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys clade: G. lipokarenos (blue), G. constellatus (green), G. missioneiro (red), G. tiraparae (white), G. mekinos (black), G. pseudolabiatus (pink) in the río Uruguay basin. Records of Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos and Gymnogeophagus constellatus from Argentina (triangles) are based on Casciotta et al. (2017bCasciotta J, Almirón A, Říčanová Š, Dragová K, Piálek L, Alonso F, Říčan O. First record of Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from Argentina. Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 2017b; 54:1-5.) and **Říčan et al. (2017**Říčan O, Piálek L, Říčanová Š, Dragová K, Almirón A, Casciotta J. First record of Gymnogeophagus constellatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from Argentina. Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos . 2017; 56:1-3.), respectively.

Tab. 1 Morphometric data of Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion, new species. Standard length is expressed in mm. Range includes measurements of holotype and 22 paratypes, except individuals smaller than 45 mm SL.

	Holotype	Min	Max	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	101.9	46.42	106.08	73.87	-
Percent of standard length
Head length	38.3	35.0	39.2	73.87	-	36.8	1.07
Body depth	38.5	33.8	39.9	37.7	1.44
Dorsal-fin base length	48.2	45.4	54.1	50.3	2.05
Pectoral-fin length	33.6	30.1	39.3	34.4	3.19
Caudal peduncle depth	13.2	11.9	14.2	13.3	0.52
Caudal peduncle length	15.1	14.0	18.1	15.3	1.10
Percent of head length
Eye diameter	21.3	20.2	32.3	15.3	1.10	25.1	3.27
Interorbital width	28.5	24.6	32.4	28.0	1.97
Upper jaw length	26.7	19.7	29.7	23.5	3.39
Pre-orbital length	33.4	26.9	36.6	30.7	2.83
Snout length	57.7	30.5	59.7	46.4	7.64

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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A new mouth brooder species of Gymnogeophagus with hypertrophied lips (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

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[1] Edited by William Crampton