Paiz, Leonardo M.; Baumgärtner, Lucas; Graça, Weferson J. da; Margarido, Vladimir P.; Pavanelli, Carla S.

Leonardo M. Paiz

Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (LMP) leonardo_paiz@hotmail.com, (VPM) Vladimir.Margarido@unioeste.br (corresponding author)

Lucas Baumgärtner

Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. baumgartner.lb@gmail.com

Weferson J. da Graça

Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (LMP) leonardo_paiz@hotmail.com, (VPM) Vladimir.Margarido@unioeste.br (corresponding author)

Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (WJG) weferson@nupelia.uem.br, (CSP) carlasp@nupelia.uem.br

Vladimir P. Margarido

Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (LMP) leonardo_paiz@hotmail.com, (VPM) Vladimir.Margarido@unioeste.br (corresponding author)

Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. baumgartner.lb@gmail.com

Carla S. Pavanelli

Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (LMP) leonardo_paiz@hotmail.com, (VPM) Vladimir.Margarido@unioeste.br (corresponding author)

Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (WJG) weferson@nupelia.uem.br, (CSP) carlasp@nupelia.uem.br

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (1)

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Fig. 1
Partial map of southern South America showing distribution of Gymnogeophagus setequedas. Yellow symbols represent lots of specimens from type-material and additional material housed in Swedish Museum of Natural History. The yellow star marks the type-locality (río Iguazú Reservoir, at Juan E. O’Leary, Paraná River basin, Paraguay). Red squares represent the new specimens discovered from the Iguaçu River basin, Brazil. White lines indicate physical barriers to dispersal.

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Fig. 2
Karyotypes of Gymnogeophagus setequedas: a. Giemsa stained; b. C-banded; and c. after fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S rDNA probe (rhodamine, red) and 18S rDNA probe (FITC, green). NORs bearing chromosomes are boxed in Ag-stained (AgNORs). Scales bar = 5 µm.

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Fig. 3
Phylogeny of Malagasy, Indian, African and Neotropical cichlids showing the karyotypic formulae, 18S and 5S rDNA of a species possessing the most common cytogenetic data for each genus. m = metacentric; sm = submetacentric; st = subtelocentric; a = acrocentric; p = short arm; q = long arm; c = centromeric position; t = terminal position; i = interstitial position. The phylogeny is modified from Smith et al. (2008Smith WL, Chakrabarty P, Sparks JS. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Cladistics. 2008; 24(5):625-41.).

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Tab. 1
Compilation of cytogenetic data including karyotype formulae, 18S and 5S rDNA for Malagasy, Indian, African and Neotropical cichlid species. 2n = diploid number; m = metacentric; sm = submetacentric; st = subtelocentric; a = acrocentric; p = short arm; q = long arm; t = terminal position; i = interstitial position; c = centromeric position; chr = chromosomes. References: (1) Nakajima et al. (2012Nakajima RT, Cabral-de-Mello DC, Valente GT, Venere PC, Martins C. Evolutionary dynamics of rRNA gene clusters in cichlid fish. BMC Evol Biol. 2012; 12:198-222.); (2) Paiz et al. (2014Paiz LM, Baumgartner L, Moresco RM, Treco FR, da Graça WJ, Margarido VP. Evolutionary and biogeographical approach on Australoheros angiru (Cichlidae) from lagoons in a dividing plateau between the basins of the Iguassu River and the Uruguay River, Brazil. Rev Fish Biol Fisher. 2014; 24(1):399-407.); (3) Perazzo et al. (2011Perazzo GX, Noleto RB, Vicari MR, Machado PC, Gava A, Cestari MM. Chromosomal studies in Crenicichla lepidota and Australoheros facetus (Cichlidae, Perciformes) from extreme Southern Brazil. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2011; 21(3):509-15.); (4) Poletto et al. (2010aPoletto AB, Ferreira IA, Cabral-de-Mello DC, Nakajima RT, Mazzuchelli J, Ribeiro HB, Venere PC, Nirchio M, Kocher TD, Martins C. Chromosome differentiation patterns during cichlid fish evolution. BMC Genet. 2010a; 11:50-61.); (5) Poletto et al . (2010bPoletto AB, Ferreira IA, Martins C. The B chromosomes of the African cichlid fish Haplochromis obliquidens harbour 18S rRNA gene copies. BMC Genet . 2010b; 11:1-8.); (6) Schneider et al. (2013Schneider CH, Gross MC, Terencio ML, Artoni RF, Vicari MR, Martins C, Feldberg E. Chromosomal evolution of Neotropical cichlids: the role of repetitive DNA sequences in the organization and structure of karyotype. Rev Fish Biol Fisher. 2013; 23(2):201-14.); (7) Vicari et al. (2006Vicari MR, Artoni RF, Moreira-Filho O, Bertollo LAC. Basic and molecular cytogenetics in freshwater Cichlidae (Osteichthyes, Perciformes) Karyotypic conservationism and divergence. Caryologia. 2006; 59(3):260-66.). Classification used follows Smith et al. (2008Smith WL, Chakrabarty P, Sparks JS. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Cladistics. 2008; 24(5):625-41.).

Localities Subfamilies Tribes Species	2n	Karyotipic formulae	18S rDNA	5S rDNA	Ref.
Malagasy-Indian species
Etroplinae
Etroplus maculatus	46	18m-sm + 18st-a + 10micro	2chr; t-p; m-sm	2chr; i-q; st-a	3; 5
African species
Pseudocrenilabrinae
Astatotilapia burtoni	40	14m-sm + 26st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	---	3
Haplochromis obliquidens	44	12m-sm + 32st-a, 1B or 2B	4chr; t-p; st-a	15chr; c; a	2; 3
Hemichromis bimaculatus	44	4m-sm + 40st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	3; 5
Oreochromis niloticus	44	2m-sm + 42st-a	6chr; t-p; st-a	6chr; c, i-q; st-a	3; 5
Neotropical species
Cichlinae
Cichlini
Cichla monoculus	48	48st-a	2chr; t-q; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	6
Retroculini
Retroculus lapidifer	48	48st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	3; 5
Astronotini
Astronotus ocellatus	48	16m-sm + 32st-a	2chr; i-p; m-sm	2chr; i-q; st-a	6
Chaetobranchini
Chaetobranchus flavescens	48	6m-sm + 42st-a	2chr; i-p; m-sm	---	3
Geophagini
Apistogramma borellii	46	16m-sm + 30st-a	---	---	3
Biotodoma cupido	48	4m-sm + 44st-a	2chr; t-p; m-sm	---	3
Crenicichla lepidota	48	8m-sm + 40st-a	2chr; i-p; m-sm	4chr; i-q; st-a	4
Geophagus brasiliensis	48	6sm + 42st	2chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	1
Gymnogeophagus setequedas	48	4sm + 24st + 20a	5chr; t-q; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	Present
Satanoperca jurupari	48	4m-sm + 44st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	3; 5
Cichlasomatini
Acaronia nassa	50	4m-sm + 46st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	6
Aequidens tetramerus	48	12m-sm + 36st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	4chr; i-q; st-a	3; 5
Cichlasoma paranaense	48	6m-sm + 42st-a	---	---	3
Bujurquina peregrinabunda	50	20m-sm + 30st-a	2chr; t-p; m-sm	2chr; t-q; st-a	6
Laetacara dorsigera	44	4m-sm + 40st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	---	3
Heroini
Australoheros angiru	48	18sm + 30st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	7
Caquetaia spectabilis	50	12m-sm + 38st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	4chr; t-p, i-q; st-a	6
Heros efasciatus	48	8m-sm + 40st-a	2chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	3; 5
Hoplarchus psittacus	48	16m-sm + 32st-a	2chr; t-p; m-sm	2chr; t-p; st-a	6
Hypselecara coryphaenoides	42	16m-sm + 26st-a	2chr; i-p; m-sm	2chr; i-p; m-sm	6
Mesonauta festivus	48	14m-ms + 34st-a	5chr; t-p; st-a	2chr; i-q; st-a	3; 5
Pterophyllum scalare	48	16m-ms + 32st-a	2chr; t-p; m-sm	2chr; i-q; st-a	6
Symphysodon discus	60	50m-ms + 10st-a	2chr; t-p; m-sm	2chr; t-p; m-sm	6
Uaru amphiacanthoides	46	16m-ms + 30st-a	4chr; t-p; m-sm	2chr; i-q; m-sm	6

Brasil

Brasil

Cytogenetics of Gymnogeophagus setequedas (Cichlidae: Geophaginae), with comments on its geographical distribution

RESUMO