Pelicice, Fernando M.; Bialetzki, Andréa; Camelier, Priscila; Carvalho, Fernando R.; García-Berthou, Emili; Pompeu, Paulo S.; Mello, Franco Teixeira de; Pavanelli, Carla S.

Resumo

A revista Neotropical Ichthyology lança o Volume Especial (SI) “Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity” com o objetivo de publicar artigos científicos relevantes sobre a atual crise da biodiversidade e a perda de diversidade de peixes de água doce Neotropicais no Antropoceno. O SI é composto por 22 publicações, sendo dois artigos de revisão e 20 artigos originais. Um total de 107 pesquisadores contribuíram com esses artigos, envolvendo 44 instituições sediadas no Brasil e em seis outros países. Os artigos publicados investigaram as principais atividades antrópicas e seus impactos sobre a diversidade de peixes, com foco especial na regulação dos rios, mineração, mudanças no uso do solo, aquicultura e pesca. Os estudos forneceram evidências sobre a perda de diversidade de peixes na região Neotropical, incluindo eventos de mortandade, alterações demográficas, contaminação, mudanças na estrutura das assembleias, perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional, além da degradação de funções e serviços ecossistêmicos, e falta de ações efetivas de proteção e conservação. Os estudos foram conduzidos em rios, riachos, lagos e reservatórios de diferentes sistemas Neotropicais. Os estudos publicados neste SI representam uma amostra relevante da atual situação dos peixes de água doce na região Neotropical, reforçando a necessidade de revisão das políticas ambientais, ações de manejo e conservação, e prioridades socioeconômicas.

Palavras-chave:
Antropoceno; Biodiversidade; Conservação; Degradação ambiental; Volume Especial

[1] Edited-by

Ana Cristina Petry

Type	Driver	Impact	Ecological effects	Ecosystem	Region or Basin	Country	Paper
Review Article	Dams	Anoxia and gas supersaturation	Fish die-off	River and reservoir	Neotropical	Neotropical	*Agostinho et al.* (2021)**Agostinho AA, Alves DC, Gomes LC, Dias RM, Petrere Jr M, Pelicice FM. Fish die-off in river and reservoir: A review on anoxia and gas supersaturation. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210037. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0037 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Dams	Hydrology, habitat and connectivity	Population decline, loss of species and ecosystem services	River and reservoir	Lower São Francisco River	Brazil	*D'avilla et al.* (2021)**D’avilla T, Costa-Neto EM, Brito MFG. Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200156. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0156 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Original Article	Dams	Hydrology, habitat and connectivity	Changes in assemblage structure and functional diversity	River and reservoir	Upper Uruguay River	Brazil	*De Bem et al.* (2021)**de Bem J, Ribolli J, Röpke C, Winemiller KO, Zaniboni-Filho E. A cascade of dams affects fish spatial distributions and functional groups of local assemblages in a subtropical river. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200133. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0133 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Original Article	Dams	Hydrology, habitat and connectivity	Changes in assemblage structure, loss of species and functional diversity	Reservoir	Upper Paraná River	Brazil	*Ferraz et al.* (2021)**Ferraz JD, Casimiro ACR, Garcia DAZ, Pereira AD, Jarduli LR, Almeida FS et al. Taxonomic loss and functional reduction over time in the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River, Southern Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200143. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0143 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Original Article	Dams	Hydrology, habitat and connectivity	Population decline	River	Magdalena River	Colombia	*Moreno-Arias et al.* (2021)**Moreno-Arias C, López-Casas S, Rogeliz-Prada CA, Jiménez-Segura L. Protection of spawning habitat for potamodromous fish, an urgent need for the hydropower planning in the Andes. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210027. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0027 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Dams	Hydrology, habitat and connectivity	Changes in feeding ecology	River	Madeira River	Brazil	*Lonardoni et al.* (2021)**Lonardoni AP, Röpke CP, Melo T, Torrente-Vilara G. Damming in the Madeira River modifies the food spectrum of piscivorous and affects their resource partitioning. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210087. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0087 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Mining	Pollution	Contamination	River	Essequibo River	Guyana	*Montaña et al.* (2021)**Montaña CG, Liverpool E, Taphorn DC, Schalk CM. The cost of gold: Mercury contamination of fishes in a Neotropical river food web. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200155. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0155 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Review Article	Mining	Pollution and habitat	Contamination, population decline and changes in assemblage structure	River	Neotropical	Neotropical	*Azevedo-Santos et al.* (2021)**Azevedo-Santos VM, Arcifa MS, Brito MFG, Agostinho AA, Hughes RM, Vitule JRS et al. Negative impacts of mining on Neotropical freshwater fishes. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210001. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0001 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Land use	Land cover, hydrology and habitat	Changes in assemblage structure	Stream	Upper Paraná River	Brazil	*Miiller et al.* (2021)**Miiller NOR, Cunico AM, Gubiani ÉA, Piana PA. Functional responses of stream fish communities to rural and urban land uses. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200134. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0134 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Original Article	Land use	Land cover, hydrology and habitat	Changes in population structure and functional diversity	Stream	Atlantic	Brazil	*Pott et al.* (2021)**Pott CM, Dala-Corte RB, Becker FG. Body size responses to land use in stream fish: the importance of different metrics and functional groups. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210004. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0004 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Land Use	Land cover, hydrology and habitat	Changes in assemblage structure and functional diversity	Stream	Madeira River	Brazil	*Brejão et al.* (2021)**Brejão GL, Hoeinghaus DJ, Roa-fuentes CA, Pérez-Mayorga MA, Ferraz SFB, Casatti L. Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210042. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0042 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Land use	Land cover, hydrology and habitat	Changes in assemblage structure and functional diversity	Stream	Upper Paraná River	Brazil	*Alvarenga et al.* (2021)**Alvarenga LRP, Pompeu OS, Leal CG, Hughes RM, Fagundes DC, Leitão RP. Land-use changes affect the functional structure of stream fish assemblages in the Brazilian Savanna. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210033. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0033 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Land use	Land cover, hydrology and habitat	Changes in assemblage structure and functional diversity	Stream	Xingú River	Brazil	*Freitas et al.* (2021)**Freitas PV, Montag LFA, Ilha P, Torres NR, Maia C, Deegan L, Nascimento AT, Silva KD. Local effects of deforestation on stream fish assemblages in the amazon-savannah transitional area. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210098. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0098 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Land use	Land cover, hydrology and habitat	Changes in assemblage structure	Stream	Paraguay River	Brazil	*Ortega et al.* (2021)**Ortega JCG, Bacani I, Dorado-Rodrigues TF, Strüssmann C, Fernandes IM, Morales J et al. Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210050. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0050 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Aquaculture	Biological invasion	Biotic differentiation	Stream	Paraíba do Sul River	Brazil	*Magalhães et al.* (2021)**Magalhães ALB, Bezerra LAV, Daga VS, Pelicice FM, Vitule JRS, Brito MFG. Biotic differentiation in headwater creeks after the massive introduction of non-native freshwater aquarium fish in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200147. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0147 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Original Article	Aquaculture and fisheries	Biological invasion	Population decline, loss of species and functional diversity	Lake	Doce River	Brazil	*Souza et al.* (2021)**Souza CP, Rodrigues-Filho CAS, Barbosa FAR, Leitão RP. Drastic reduction of the functional diversity of native ichthyofauna in a Neotropical lake following invasion by piscivorous fishes. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210033. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0033 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/...
Original Article	Fisheries	Biological invasion	Population decline, loss of species and ecosystem functions	Reservoir	Upper Paraná River	Brazil	*Leal et al.* (2021)**Leal LB, Hoeinghaus DJ, Compson ZG, Agostinho AA, Fernandes R, Pelicice FM. Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210041. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20210041 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-202100...
Original Article	Fisheries	Overfishing	Population decline	River	La Plata Basin	Argentina	*Scarabotti et al.* (2021)**Scarabotti PA, Lucifora LO, Espínola LA, Rabuffetti AP, Liotta J, Mantinian JE et al. Long-term trends of fishery landings and target fish populations in the lower La Plata basin. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210013. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0013 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Fisheries	Overfishing	Changes in population structure	River	Purus River	Brazil	*Tregidgo et al.* (2021)**Tregidgo D, Parry L, Barlow J, Pompeu PS. Urban market amplifies strong species selectivity in Amazonian artisanal fisheries. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e200097. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0097 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0...
Original Article	Multiple	Multiple	Multiple	Multiple	La Plata Basin	Neotropical	*Oliveira et al.* (2021)**Oliveira AG, Peláez O, Agostinho AA. The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210034. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0034 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Multiple	Multiple	Multiple	Subterranean stream	Neotropical	Brazil	Bichuette, Gallão (2021)Bichuette ML, Gallão JE. Under the surface: what we know about the threats to subterranean fishes in Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210089. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0089 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...
Original Article	Multiple	Multiple	Species extinction	Multiple	Neotropical	Neotropical	*Tagliacollo et al.* (2021)**Tagliacollo VA, Dagosta F, de Pinna M, Reis RE, Albert JS. Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(3):e210079. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0079 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0...