Viana, Alessandra F.; Valentin, Jean L.; Vianna, Marcelo

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ARTICLES • Neotrop. ichthyol. 15 (2) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160176 copiar

Feeding ecology of elasmobranch species in southeastern Brazil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Devido à lacuna de conhecimento sobre os elasmobrânquios estudamos a ecologia alimentar de cinco espécies desse grupo, no litoral sul do Rio de Janeiro. Os exemplares foram capturados por rede de arrasto e espinhel de fundo, entre janeiro de 2006 e agosto de 2007. As dietas de Psammobatis rutrum e Psammobatis extenta se mostraram basicamente carcino-bentofagas, com uma largura de nicho estreito. Rioraja agassizii foi considerada carcino/ictio-bentófaga, também com uma largura de nicho estreita. A espécie se alimenta com peixe e camarão, mas em proporções diferentes de acordo com a idade e sexo. A dieta de Rhizoprionodon lalandii foi considerada ictiófaga e não é influenciada pela idade ou sexo. As análises destas espécies e Atlantoraja cyclophora indicaram a formação de dois grupos tróficos: um composto pelas raias menores, P. extenta e P. rutrum, que basicamente se alimentam de pequenos crustáceos, poliquetos e nematodas; e o outro de R. lalandii e as raias maiores R. agassizii e A. cyclophora, que predam peixes teleósteos e brachyuras.

Palavras-chave:
Carcharhinidae; Índice alimentar; Peixes demersais; Rajidae

	Total (n=57)			Females (n=34)			Males (n=23)			Juveniles (n=17)			Adults (n=40)
	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi
Crustaceans	77.2	74.7	79.4	79	72.4	77.3	78.3	85.9	89.5	82.4	85.5	90.5	80.0	73.8	79.7
Caridea/Dendobranchiata not identified	5.3	0.3	0.1	2.9	0.0	0.0	8.7	1.6	0.9	11.8	2.5	1.6	2.5	0.1	0.0
Caridea	10.5	2.1	1.3	11.8	1.5	0.9	8.7	4.6	2.7	5.9	2.4	0.8	12.5	2.0	1.2
Dendobranchiata	1.8	0.1	0.0				4.3	0.1	0.0				2.5	0.0	0.0
Brachyura not identified	10.5	3.5	2.2	11.8	2.7	1.5	8.7	7.0	4.1	11.8	14.4	9.6	10.0	2.5	1.2
Leucosiidae	1.8	1.5	0.2				4.3	8.9	2.6				2.5	1.7	0.2
Partenopidae	1.8	0.1	0.0				4.3	0.4	0.1				2.5	0.1	0.0
Portunidae	14.0	27.9	23.6	14.7	25.8	18.2	13.0	37.9	33.5				20.0	30.3	28.8
Portunus spinicarpus	22.8	38.9	53.5	29.4	42.0	59.2	17.4	24.4	28.8	11.8	64.8	43.1	30.0	36.8	52.3
Stomatopoda not identified	3.5	0.1	0.0	5.9	0.1	0.0				5.9	0.1	0.0	2.5	0.1	0.0
Crustacean fragments	26.3	0.3	0.5	23.5	0.1	0.1	30.4	1.1	2.3	41.2	1.4	3.4	20.0	0.2	0.2
Teleosts	59.6	25.1	20.6	61.8	27.3	22.7	56.5	14.0	10.5	64.7	11.0	9.2	57.5	26.2	20.3
Dactylopterus volitans	8.8	15.5	8.2	14.7	18.7	13.2							12.5	16.8	10.0
Teleosts fragments	50.9	3.2	9.7	50.0	2.5	6.0	52.2	6.4	22.6	64.7	11.0	40.4	45.0	2.5	5.3
Pleuronectiformes	1.8	1.2	0.1				4.3	7.3	2.1				2.5	1.3	0.2
Symphurus sp.	1.8	5.1	0.5	2.9	6.1	0.9							2.5	5.5	0.7
Polydactylus sp.	1.8	0.1	0.0				4.3	0.3	0.1				2.5	0.1	0.0
Elasmobranchs	1.8	0.2	0.0	2.9	0.3	0.0				5.9	3.0	0.2
Rajidae	1.8	0.2	0.0	2.9	0.3	0.0				5.9	3.0	1.0
Polychaetes	5.3	0.0	0.0	5.9	0.0	0.0	4.3	0.0	0.0	11.8	0.3	0.0	2.5	0.0	0.0
Euclymene sp.	1.8	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.0	0.0				5.9	0.1	0.0
Sthenelais sp.	3.5	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.0	0.0	4.3	0.0	0.0	5.9	0.2	0.1	2.5	0.0	0.0
Nematods	5.3	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.0	0.0	8.7	0.1	0.0	11.8	0.1	0.0	2.5	0.0	0.0
Nematods not identified	5.3	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.0	0.0	8.7	0.1	0.0	11.8	0.1	0.1	2.5	0.0	0.0

	%FO	%W	%IAi
Crustaceans	66.7	50.0	72.9
Brachyura
Portunidae	11.1	0.6	0.4
Shrimp not identified	22.2	10.4	12.6
Caridea
Processidae
Processa sp.	11.1	33.1	20.1
Amphipoda
Gamaridae	11.1	2.6	1.6
Crustacean fragments	22.2	3.2	3.9
Telosts	22.2	45.5	22.1
Teleost fragments	22.2	45.5	55.1
Polychaetes	44.4	5.2	5.0
Sigalionidae
Sthenelais sp.	22.2	2.6	3.1
Polychaetes not identified	22.2	2.6	3.1

	Total (n=82)			Females (n=40)			Males (n=42)
	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi
Crustaceans	92.7	77.3	94.2	97.5	77.3	92.1	88.1	77.6	96.4
Brachyura not identified	15.9	7.3	5.3	12.5	1.2	0.5	19.0	21.7	22.0
Portunidae	1.2	0.1	0.0	2.5	0.2	0.0
Shrimp not identified	29.3	20.2	27.0	30	18.4	18.4	28.6	24.4	37
Caridea
Alpheidae	1.2	0.2	0.0				2.4	0.5	0.1
Crangonidae	1.2	1.4	0.1	2.5	1.9	0.2
Pasiphaeidae
Leptochela sp.	24.4	34.5	38.6	37.5	43.6	54.5	11.9	13	8.2
Dendobranchiata
Penaeoidea	4.9	2.6	0.6	5	3.8	0.6	4.8	1.3	0.3
Solenoceridae	2.4	1.8	0.2	2.5	0.6	0.1	2.4	7.4	0.9
Amphipoda
Gamaridea	18.3	2.0	1.6	12.5	1.3	0.6	23.8	3.4	4.3
Ampelisca sp.	3.7	0.6	0.1	5	0.8	0.1	2.4	0.1	0.0
Stomatopoda not identified	1.2						2.4	0.1	0.0
Meiosquilla sp.	1.2	0.1	0.0	2.5	0.2	0.0
Isopoda
Serolidae	1.2	0.1	0.0	2.5	0.2	0.0
Crustacean fragments	23.2	6.4	6.8	20	5.7	3.8	26.2	8.2	11.4
Teleosts	20.7	19.8	5.4	30	20.9	7.7	1.9	17.3	2.9
Teleost fragments	20.7	19.8	18.8	30	20.9	20.9	11.9	17.3	10.9
Polychaetes	9.8	1.7	0.2	5	1.6	0.1	14.3	2.1	0.4
Maldanidae	2.4	1.4	0.2	2.5	1.4	0.1	2.4	1.4	0.2
Euclymene sp.	1.2	0.0	0.0				2.4	0.1	0.0
Sigalionidae
Sthenelais sp.	6.1	0.2	0.1	2.5	0.1	0.0	9.5	0.5	0.3
Nematods	11	1.2	0.2	15	0.4	0.1	7.1	3.0	0.3
Nematods not identified	11	1.2	0.6	15	0.4	0.2	7.1	3.0	1.1

	Total (n=104)			Females (n=55)			Males (n=49)			Juveniles (n=22)			Adults (n=82)
	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi
Crustaceans	88.5	55.3	60.7	89.0	52.6	55.4	91.8	73.2	80.4	95.5	66.5	75.0	87.8	54.2	59.1
Brachyura not identified	8.7	7.5	2.9	12.7	8.5	4.3	4.1	0.7	0.1	4.5	5.0	0.5	9.8	7.7	3.5
Portunidae	10.6	16.0	7.6	16.4	18.0	11.8	4.1	2.2	0.3	4.5	1.5	0.1	12.2	17.4	9.7
Portunus sp.	1.9	0.6	0.1	3.6	0.7	0.1							2.4	0.7	0.1
Portunus spinicarpus	5.8	13.6	3.5	9.1	15.5	5.6	2.0	0.6	0.04	4.5	0.9	0.1	6.1	14.8	4.1
Shrimp not identified	18.3	4.5	3.8	16.3	3.3	2.2	20.4	12.5	8.6	54.5	49.2	53.8	8.5	0.2	0.1
Caridea	5.8	0.7	0.2	7.2	0.7	0.1	4.1	0.7	0.1	4.5	0.3	0.02	6.1	0.7	0.2
Alpheidae	1.0	0.0	0.0				2.0	0.0	0.0				1.2	0.0	0.0
Processidae
Processa sp.	1.9	0.1	0.0				4.1	0.8	0.1				2.4	0.1	0.01
Pasiphaeidae
Leptochela sp.	19.2	2.8	2.4	10.9	0.6	0.2	28.6	16.9	16.3	22.7	3.5	1.6	18.3	2.7	2.2
Leptochela serratorbita	1.0	0.4	0.0				2.0	2.7	0.2				1.2	0.4	0.0
Dendobranchiata
Penaeoidea	21.2	1.0	3.8	14.5	1.4	0.8	28.6	21.1	20.3	13.6	1.9	0.5	23.2	4.2	4.4
Penaeidae	1.9	0.3	0.0	3.6	0.3	0.0							2.4	0.3	0.0
Artemesia longinarius	1.0	0.2	0.0	1.8	0.2	0.0							1.2	0.2	0.0
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis	1.0	0.4	0.0				2.0	2.7	0.2				1.2	0.4	0.0
Litopenaeus schmitti	1.0	0.3	0.0				2.0	2.3	0.2				1.2	0.3	0.0
Rimapenaeus sp.	1.0	0.3	0.0				2.0	2.3	0.2				1.2	0.3	0.0
Solenoceriadae
Mesopenaeus tropicalis	1.0	0.05	0.0				2.0	0.4	0.03				1.2	0.1	0.0
Thalassinidea	1.0	0.1	0.0				2.0	0.6	0.04				1.2	0.1	0.0
Amphipoda
Gamaridea	1.9	0.1	0.0	1.8	0.1	0.0004	2.0	0.2	0.02	4.5	0.3	0.02	1.2	0.1	0.0
Ampelisca sp.	1.0	0.0	0.0				2.0	0.3	0.01	4.5	0.5	0.04
Stomatopoda not identified	1.0	0.9	0.0	1.8	1.0	0.1							1.2	1.0	0.1
Squilla sp.	1.0	0.7	0.0	1.8	0.8	0.1							1.2	0.8	0.0
Lophogastrida	1.0	0.0	0.0				2.0	0.4	0.03				1.2	0.1	0.0
Crustacean fragments	23.1	2.0	2.1	18.1	1.4	1.0	28.6	5.9	5.7	13.6	3.4	0.9	25.6	1.9	2.2
Teleosts	71.2	44.4	39.2	80.0	47.1	44.5	61.2	26.8	19.6	68.2	30.8	24.8	72.0	45.8	40.9
Teleost fragments	67.3	22.9	69.6	75.5	22.7	67.9	59.2	23.6	47.3	68.2	30.8	42.1	67.1	22.1	67.9
Raneya fluminensis	3.8	21.6	3.8	5.5	24.3	5.3	2.0	3.1	0.2				4.9	23.7	5.3
Nematods	2.9	0.3	0.0	3.6	0.3	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	4.5	2.7	0.1	2.4	0.0	0.0
Nematods not identified	2.9	0.3	0.0	3.6	0.3	0.0	2.0	0.4	0.0	4.5	2.7	0.2	2.4	0.0	0.0

	Total (n=37)			Females (n=16)			Males (n=21)			Juveniles (n=14)			Adults (n=23)
	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	%W	%IAi	%FO	% W	%IAi	%FO	% W	%IAi
Teleosts	97.3	97.1	99.9	93.8	94.3	99.6	100	100	100	100	99.9	100	95.7	96.3	99.8
Scorpaeniformes
Triglidae	2.7	9.6	0.5				4.8	19.4	2.1				4.5	12.1	1.0
Dactylopteridae
Dactylopterus volitans	5.4	17.0	1.8				9.5	34.4	7.5	7.1	55.4	8.7	4.4	6.5	0.5
Gadiformes
Merlucciidae
Merluccius hubbsi	2.7	12.1	0.6	6.3	23.6	2.5							4.4	15.3	1.3
Teleost fragments	86.5	58.3	97.0	81.3	70.7	96.9	85.7	46.2	90.4	92.9	44.5	91.2	82.6	62.5	96.9
Elasmobranchs	2.7	2.9	0.1	6.3	5.6	0.4							4.5	3.6	0.2
Elasmobranchs egg	2.7	2.9	0.2	6.3	5.6	0.6							4.4	3.6	0.3
Cephalopds	5.4	0.1	0.0	12.5	0.1	0.0				7.1	0.1	0.0	4.4	0.0	0.0
Loliginidae
Doryteuthis plei	5.4	0.1	0.0	12.5	0.1	0.0				7.1	0.1	0.0	4.5	0.0	0.0

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E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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