Morphometric variation of the <i>Herichthys bartoni</i> (Bean,
               1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise <i>H.
                  labridens</i> (Pellegrin, 1903)?

Mejía, Omar; Pérez-Miranda, Fabián; León-Romero, Yatzil; Soto-Galera, Eduardo; Luna, Efraín de

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140067

Brasil

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Articles • Neotrop. ichthyol. 13 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140067 linkcopy

Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Cichlids of the tribe Heroini have long been a source of taxonomical conflict. In particular, the species included in the Herichthys bartoni group have failed to be recovered as monophyletic in different molecular studies. In this paper we use traditional and geometric morphometrics to evaluate morphological variation in the species included in the H. bartoni complex in order to evaluate the number of species it contains. An update of a previously published DNA barcoding study suggests the existence of three genetic clusters that included the six recognized species analyzed in this study, none of them recovered as monophyletic. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics arise as a useful tool to discriminate species due that traditional morphometrics showed a high overlap in the characters analyzed that prevents the proposal of diagnostic characters.

Cichlids; COI; DNA barcode; Geometric morphometrics; Mexico

Species	Meristic	Mossimann	Proportions
H. bartoni	92,1053	86,8421	87,1795
H. cf. labridens	92,8571	93,8111	93,8312
H. labridens	20,5480	64,3836	65,7534
H. molango	0,0000	0,0000	39,1304
H. pame	0,0000	4,7619	0,0000
H. pantostictum	30,2326	67,4419	81,3954
H. steindachneri	50,0000	29,6296	46,6667
Total	67,5183	79,1423	80,8429

	H. bartoni	H. labridens	H. steindachneri	H. cf. labridens	H. pantostictus	H. pame	H. molango
H. bartoni		0.041*	0.0489*	0.0355*	0.0552*	0.0602*	0,0624
H. labridens	0.0337*		0,0232	0.0176*	0.0430*	0,0406	0,0783
H. steindachneri	0.0394*	0.0236*		0.0250*	0,0433	*	0,0771
H.cf. labridens	0.0348*	0.0126*	0.0227*		0.0552*	0.0602*	0,0624
H. pantostictus	0.0380*	0.0162*	0.0212*	0.013*		0.0615*	0.0947*
H. pame	0.047*	0.0488*	0.0585*	0.0485*	0.0526*		0.0969*
H. molango	0.0603*	0.0393*	0.0414*	0.0421*	0.0424*	0.0635*

% SL	Phylogenetic group I								Phylogenetic group II								Phylogenetic group III
	H. bartoni				H. labridens				H. steindachneri				H. pame				H. pantostictus				H. molango
	min	X	max	SD	min	X	max	SD	min	X	max	SD	min	X	max	SD	min	X	max	SD	min	X	max	SD
Total length of the anal fin (LAF)	25	31	37	3	30	35	40	2	29	35	45	4	31	35	38	2	32	36	41	2	27	37	48	3
Total length of the dorsal fin (LDF)	53	61	68	3	51	65	71	3	54	63	75	5	62	65	70	2	58	67	73	3	55	69	82	4
Total length of the dorsal fin of spines (DFE)	39	45	50	2	33	49	57	3	42	49	61	4	45	49	52	2	47	51	56	2	36	50	59	3
Total length of the dorsal fin of rays (DFR)	9	15	22	2	10	17	24	3	8	14	24	3	12	17	21	3	9	16	20	2	11	19	34	3
Total length of the anal fin of spines (AFE)	14	18	24	2	14	20	27	2	13	21	29	4	11	18	21	2	18	22	26	2	9	20	27	3
Total length of the anal fin of rays (AFR)	8	12	17	2	12	15	23	2	10	15	21	2	12	16	22	3	12	14	19	1	5	17	30	3
Total length of the pectoral fin (LPF)	20	23	27	2	20	23	29	2	20	24	29	2	21	23	25	1	19	24	28	2	17	24	30	2
Total length of the pelvic fin (LVF)	16	21	28	2	16	23	29	2	20	23	30	2	19	23	26	2	20	24	27	2	20	25	32	2
Predorsal length (PDL)	33	40	45	3	29	35	40	2	34	39	45	2	30	34	38	2	31	36	40	2	26	35	42	3
Preanal length (PAL)	65	70	74	2	61	64	68	2	59	66	70	2	61	65	68	2	63	67	70	2	49	65	73	3
Length of the caudal peduncle (LCP)	10	13	15	1	10	12	16	1	8	12	17	2	11	12	15	1	10	12	14	1	9	11	14	1
Length of the dorsal fin at its base (LDB)	40	47	54	2	47	51	54	2	42	48	57	4	46	50	53	2	48	52	56	2	24	52	67	4
Length of the anal fin at its base (LAB)	14	16	20	1	13	19	24	2	13	19	24	3	17	19	22	2	18	21	26	2	14	19	27	2
Head length (HLE)	34	38	44	2	31	34	40	2	33	36	41	2	30	33	35	2	30	34	37	2	20	34	39	3
Length of the post ascending premaxillary process (PPP)	21	24	29	2	19	26	30	3	20	24	42	3	24	27	29	1	17	22	34	3	29	27	33	2
Distance between the anal fin and the base of the pelvic fins (DBF)	22	29	32	2	23	29	33	2	23	28	39	3	27	29	33	2	22	27	32	2	23	29	35	4
Body height (BHE)	37	41	45	2	37	42	46	2	32	39	46	4	38	41	43	2	38	41	45	2	33	41	47	2
Height of the caudal peduncle (HCP)	14	16	17	1	14	16	18	1	12	15	18	1	15	16	18	1	15	16	18	1	13	16	19	1
% HL
Postorbital length (POL)	40	47	53	3	39	47	52	2	35	42	48	3	42	46	51	2	36	44	56	3	30	44	63	3
Length of the upper maxilla (UML)	12	20	29	4	16	22	28	2	13	22	31	3	16	21	27	3	17	22	32	3	16	23	36	3
Length of the lower maxilla (LLM)	13	21	30	4	16	22	28	2	15	26	32	3	15	21	26	3	16	22	32	3	16	23	36	3
Snout length (SNL)	24	30	40	4	26	33	38	2	27	34	35	3	28	37	38	3	23	31	37	3	21	35	47	3
Length of the ascending premaxillary process (LPP)	31	36	43	3	24	41	51	7	30	40	66	6	38	48	53	3	30	38	45	3	27	47	56	4
Head height at the eye (HHE)	68	81	110	8	74	96	119	10	59	80	110	10	85	97	117	8	74	88	110	8	64	93	136	10
Eye diameter (EYD)	20	25	32	3	19	24	30	2	18	25	33	3	18	23	30	2	23	27	32	2	19	25	35	3
Height of the head at the preopercle (HHP)	78	91	120	9	79	110	131	10	62	90	110	11	99	110	130	8	85	99	120	8	87	110	150	9
Intraocular distance (IOD)	23	27	38	4	29	35	42	3	23	30	45	5	31	37	42	3	25	32	39	3	24	35	46	3

Counts	Phylogenetic group I								Phylogenetic group II								Phylogenetic group III
	H. bartoni				H. labridens				H. steindachneri				H. pame				H. pantostictus				H. molango
	min	m	max	freq	min	m	max	freq	min	m	max	freq	min	m	max	freq	min	m	max	freq	min	m	max	freq
Number of spines in the dorsal fin	14	15	16	66	14	16	17	70	15	16	18	84	15	16	16	76	15	16	17	58	14	16	18	68
Number of rays in the dorsal fin	10	11	12	59	10	11	13	55	9	10	12	48	9	11	12	38	9	11	12	53	9	11	13	68
Number of spines in the anal fin	3	4	5	82	4	5	6	56	4	5	6	66	4	5	6	81	5	6	6	53	4	5	6	69
Number of rays in the anal fin	8	9	10	71	8	9	11	71	8	8	10	57	8	9	10	57	8	9	10	70	7	9	11	68
Number of rays in the pectoral fins	13	14	15	59	13	15	16	57	14	14 & 15	15	50	14	15	15	57	14	15	15	58	13	15	16	68
Number of rays in the pelvic fins	5	5	5	100	4	5	5	97	4	5	5	95	3	5	5	90	5	5	5	100	4	5	5	98
Number of gill rakers in the dorsal arm	2	2	3	61	1	2	4	68	2	2	3	86	2	2	3	90	2	3	4	49	1	2	4	83
Number of gill rakers in the ventral arm	3	5	7	49	4	5	6	56	3	5	6	57	4	5	6	52	4	5	5	98	3	5	7	51
Number of scales in a longitudinal series	25	27	31	46	25	28	30	58	25	26	31	29	23	28	30	62	27	28	29	60	16	27	30	45
Number of circumpeduncular scales	14	16	18	69	14	16	20	52	14	14 & 16	18	48	16	16	18	81	12	16	16	72	14	16	19	59
Number of scales in the first portion of the lateral line	14	18	19	36	15	19	22	41	13	18 & 19	21	34	15	19	20	38	16	20	21	51	8	19	21	37
Number of scales in the second portion of the lateral line	6	9	14	28	5	10 & 11	15	25	5	9	12	32	9	11	20	33	7	10	12	37	3	10	20	34
Total number of scales in the lateral line	24	27	32	31	21	30	34	27	22	27	30	23	26	30	31	48	22	30	31	39	12	29	35	29

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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