FIGURE 1 |
Corydoras caramater, holotype, MNRJ 54621, 49.3 mm SL, Senador José Porfírio, Pará, Brazil, rio Bacajaí, rio Xingu basin.
FIGURE 2 |
Two preserved specimens of Corydoras caramater, showing general color and morphological patterns in lateral view of (A) a paratype (LIA 8170, 38.1 mm SL), and (B) a non-type specimen from the rio Tapajós basin (CPUFMT 8149, 1, 49.9 mm SL).
FIGURE 3 |
Head osteological pattern in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 41.6 mm SL), showing general morphology in lateral view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, fdbp: first dorsolateral body plate, io1–2: infraorbital 1 and 2, iop: interopercle, n: nasal, op: opercle, pes: pterotic-extrascapular, pop: preopercle, prh: posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Additional pore of the temporal sensory canal at sphenotic outlined in yellow. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 |
Details on cranium osteological pattern in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 35.9 mm SL), showing general morphology of (A) lateral ethmoid in lateral view, and of (B) mesethmoid in dorsal view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, le: lateral ethmoid, n: nasal, pes: pterotic-extrascapular, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Additional pore of the temporal sensory canal at sphenotic outlined in yellow. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 |
Tip of snout in a paratype of Corydoras caramater (CITL 929, 45.3 mm SL), showing the area at corner of mouth in lateral view. Red arrow indicates the roughly triangular fleshy flap located between maxillary barbel and anteroventral portion of snout tip; yellow arrow indicates fleshy flap on dorsolateral portion of maxillary barbel base. Area where the illustrated structures are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 |
Top of head and predorsal region of trunk of a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 41.6 mm SL) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, fdbp: first dorsolateral body plate, n: nasal, np: nuchal plate, pes: pterotic-extrascapular, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 |
Infraorbital series in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views, and (C) suspensorium plus operculum in lateral view of a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 35.9 mm SL). Abbreviations: aa: angulo-articular, d: dentary, hym: hyomandibula, io1–2: infraorbital 1 and 2, iop: interopercle, mp: metapterygoid, op: opercle, pop: preopercle, prh: posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, q: quadrate. Red arrows indicate the inner laminar expansions of both infraorbitals. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 8 |
Hyoid and branchial arches in (A) a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 35.9 mm SL), showing its general morphology in dorsal view, with the detail of hypobranchial (hb) 1 and 2, and of (B) upper tooth plate plus pharyngobranchials ( (pb3 and 4) 3 and 4). General morphology in dorsal view of both hypobranchials (1 and 2) of another c&s paratype (CITL 929, 45.3 mm SL). Area highlighted in red in (A) indicating the position of upper tooth plate plus pharyngobranchials in the branchial basket. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 |
Lateral view of (A) the dorsal-fin spine and dorsal view of (B) the left pectoral-fin spine in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 41.6 mm SL), showing their serration patterns. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 10 |
Pelvic girdle in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 35.9 mm SL). Abbreviations: bp: basipterygium, pae: anterior external process, pai: anterior internal process, pi: dorsal ischiac process. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Left dorsal ischiac process damaged during dissection. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 11 |
General morphology of caudal skeleton in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 41.6 mm SL), showing the small cartilage (black dotted line) between upper principal and procurrent caudal-fin rays. Abbreviations: ccc: compound caudal centrum, cfr: caudal-fin principal rays, dpcr: dorsal procurrent rays, epu: epural, has: haemal spine, hyp 1–5: hypurals 1 to 5, nes: neural spine, par: parhypural, pu 2–4: preural centra 2 to 4, un: uroneural, vpcr: ventral procurrent rays. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish’s body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 12 |
Uncatalogued aquarium specimens of Corydoras caramater from the rio Tapajós basin photographed alive, showing general color pattern and morphology of a male (A) and of a female (B) specimens. Photos by Hans Evers.
FIGURE 13 |
Specimens of Corydoras caramater from the rio Tapajós basin photographed alive in lateral view, showing general color pattern and morphology of (A) an uncatalogued specimen from the rio Pacu with paler background color of body, (B) an uncatalogued specimen from igarapé Sonrisal with slightly darker background color of body, and (C) a non-type specimen (CPUFMT 8149, 1, 49.9 mm SL) from the rio Pacu with clearly darker background color of body. Photos by William Ohara.
FIGURE 14 |
Map showing the geographical distribution of Corydoras caramater in the rio Xingu basin (purple star: type-locality; white diamonds additional records), andin the rio Tapajós basin (yellow dot). Each symbol may represent more than one locality.
FIGURE 15 |
Collecting sites of Corydoras caramater, showing (A) the rio Bacajaí, (B) a small stream tributary of the rio Bacajá, both draining to the rio Xingu, and (C) the igarapé Sonrisal, a tributary of the rio Tapajós basin, all in Pará State, Brazil.
FIGURE 16 |
Ontogenetic series of Corydoras caramater (bred under aquarium conditions) showing general changes in external morphology and color pattern in specimens with (A) 8.0 mm TL, (B) 10.0 mm TL; (C) 13.0 mm TL, (D) 16.0 mm TL, (E) 19.0 mm TL, and (F) 24.0 mm TL. Photos by Hans Evers.