Three decades of Chondrichthyan research in Brazil assessed from conferences’ abstracts: patterns, gaps, and expectations

Soares, Karla D. A.; Petean, Flávia F.

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0027

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Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 21 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0027 copy

Three decades of Chondrichthyan research in Brazil assessed from conferences’ abstracts: patterns, gaps, and expectations

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Keywords:
Chondrichthyes; Conservation; Gender representativity; Scientific events; Systematics

Authorship

Karla D. A. Soares

Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing

Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941- 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (KDAS) karlad.soares@yahoo.com.br.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRJ, BrazilInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941- 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (KDAS) karlad.soares@yahoo.com.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-495X

Flávia F. Petean

Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing

Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Av. Intendente Marino, km 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (FFP) ffpetean@gmail.com (corresponding author).Universidad Nacional de San MartínArgentinaChascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Av. Intendente Marino, km 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (FFP) ffpetean@gmail.com (corresponding author).

Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martín.Universidad Nacional de San MartínArgentinaArgentinaEscuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martín.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9949-5116

Edited-by

Matt Kolmann

Correspondence

Flávia F. Petean ffpetean@gmail.com

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martín.Universidad Nacional de San MartínArgentinaArgentinaEscuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martín.

Figures | Tables

Figures (10)
Tables (1)

Thumbnail

FIGURE 1 |
Research area per event over the years. EBI, Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia; SBEEL, Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios. ECO: Ecology, EVO: Evolution; PHY: Physiology, Others: Other research areas.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 2 |
Proportion of abstracts with Chondrichthyan Systematics within Evolution (EVO) per event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes). Continuous lines represent the data every two years.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 3 |
At least one woman vs. no woman in authorship per event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes); green cross, no woman. Continuous lines represent the data every two years.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 4 |
Women as last authors in each event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes). Continuous lines represent the data every two years.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 5 |
Women versus men as last authors in Chondrichthyan Evolution. Orange, women; blue, men.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 6 |
Proportion of each research area and most studied Chondrichthyan orders by Brazilian region. Green, Northern (N); brown, Northeastern (NE); red, Midwestern (M); orange, Southeastern (SE); blue, Southern (S). Upper graph at the right of each region representing research areas: ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. Lower graph at the right of each region representing Chondrichthyan orders: CAR, Carcharhiniformes; MYL, Myliobatiformes; RAJ, Rajiformes; Other*, other orders.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 7 |
Percentage, per event, of first authors’ home institution regarding each of the five Brazilian regions: green, Northern (N); brown, Northeastern (NE); red, Midwestern (M); orange, Southeastern (SE); blue, Southern (S). EBI, Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia; SBEEL, Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios; ISPCNF, International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 8 |
Proportion of abstracts dealing with each Chondrichthyan order (number in parenthesis) on the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life cladogram (www.sharksrays.org, Naylor, 2022Naylor GJP. Chondrichthyan Tree of Life [Internet]. Gainesville: University of Florida; 2022. Available from: https://sharksrays.org/
https://sharksrays.org/... ).

Thumbnail

FIGURE 9 |
Proportion of abstracts with each Chondrichthyan order and proportion of studies by research area: ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. The percentage might be higher than 100% since some abstracts were counted twice as they dealt with more than one order.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 10 |
Funnel representing the total number of abstracts with Chondrichthyes, the proportion of studies with Evolution within those, the proportion of Systematics, and the final proportion of women acting as last authors (WLA) in Chondrichthyan Systematics. The “leaking pipeline” is demonstrated by the reasons women might be leaving academia in the right side of the image. ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology.

Thumbnail

TABLE 1 |
Dataset with scientific conferences, years, Brazilian states, total of abstracts, absolute numbers, and percentage of chondrichthyan abstracts. EBI = Brazilian Meeting of Ichthyology, ISPCNF = International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, SBEEL = Brazilian Society for the Study of Elasmobranchs.

FIGURE 1 | Research area per event over the years. EBI, Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia; SBEEL, Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios. ECO: Ecology, EVO: Evolution; PHY: Physiology, Others: Other research areas.

FIGURE 2 | Proportion of abstracts with Chondrichthyan Systematics within Evolution (EVO) per event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes). Continuous lines represent the data every two years.

FIGURE 3 | At least one woman vs. no woman in authorship per event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes); green cross, no woman. Continuous lines represent the data every two years.

FIGURE 4 | Women as last authors in each event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes). Continuous lines represent the data every two years.

FIGURE 5 | Women versus men as last authors in Chondrichthyan Evolution. Orange, women; blue, men.

FIGURE 6 | Proportion of each research area and most studied Chondrichthyan orders by Brazilian region. Green, Northern (N); brown, Northeastern (NE); red, Midwestern (M); orange, Southeastern (SE); blue, Southern (S). Upper graph at the right of each region representing research areas: ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. Lower graph at the right of each region representing Chondrichthyan orders: CAR, Carcharhiniformes; MYL, Myliobatiformes; RAJ, Rajiformes; Other*, other orders.

FIGURE 7 | Percentage, per event, of first authors’ home institution regarding each of the five Brazilian regions: green, Northern (N); brown, Northeastern (NE); red, Midwestern (M); orange, Southeastern (SE); blue, Southern (S). EBI, Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia; SBEEL, Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios; ISPCNF, International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes.

FIGURE 8 | Proportion of abstracts dealing with each Chondrichthyan order (number in parenthesis) on the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life cladogram (www.sharksrays.org, Naylor, 2022Naylor GJP. Chondrichthyan Tree of Life [Internet]. Gainesville: University of Florida; 2022. Available from: https://sharksrays.org/
https://sharksrays.org/... ).

FIGURE 9 | Proportion of abstracts with each Chondrichthyan order and proportion of studies by research area: ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. The percentage might be higher than 100% since some abstracts were counted twice as they dealt with more than one order.

FIGURE 10 | Funnel representing the total number of abstracts with Chondrichthyes, the proportion of studies with Evolution within those, the proportion of Systematics, and the final proportion of women acting as last authors (WLA) in Chondrichthyan Systematics. The “leaking pipeline” is demonstrated by the reasons women might be leaving academia in the right side of the image. ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology.

TABLE 1 | Dataset with scientific conferences, years, Brazilian states, total of abstracts, absolute numbers, and percentage of chondrichthyan abstracts. EBI = Brazilian Meeting of Ichthyology, ISPCNF = International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, SBEEL = Brazilian Society for the Study of Elasmobranchs.

Conferences	Year	Locality	Total abstracts	Chondrichthyes	%
IX EBI	1991	Paraná	196	12	6.12
X EBI	1993	São Paulo	241	12	4.98
XI EBI	1995	São Paulo	318	16	5.03
XII EBI	1997	São Paulo	399	7	1.75
XIII EBI	1999	São Paulo	610	40	6.55
XIV EBI	2001	Rio Grande do Sul	577	13	2.25
XV EBI	2003	São Paulo	520	7	1.35
XVI EBI	2005	Paraíba	780	35	4.49
XVII EBI	2007	Santa Catarina	1037	34	3.28
XVIII EBI	2009	Mato Grosso	527	15	2.85
XIX EBI	2011	Amazonas	786	27	3.44
XX EBI	2013	Paraná	1033	28	2.71
XXI EBI	2015	Pernambuco	1169	32	2.74
XXII EBI	2017	Bahia	765	24	3.14
XXIII EBI	2019	Pará	1010	29	2.87
I ISPCNF	1997	Rio Grande do Sul	49	1	2.04
II ISPCNF	2017	Paraná	181	10	3.87
I SBEEL	1997	Bahia	74	74	100
II SBEEL	2000	São Paulo	98	98	100
III SBEEL	2002	Paraíba	71	71	100
IV SBEEL	2004	Pernambuco	97	97	100
V SBEEL	2006	Santa Catarina	88	88	100
VI SBEEL	2008	Ceará	96	96	100
VII SBEEL	2011	Rio Grande do Sul	87	87	100
VIII SBEEL	2014	Pernambuco	72	72	100
IX SBEEL	2016	Alagoas	107	107	100
X SBEEL	2018	Paraíba	461	461	100

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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Three decades of Chondrichthyan research in Brazil assessed from conferences’ abstracts: patterns, gaps, and expectations

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[1] Edited-by

Matt Kolmann