Revision of <i><i>Bairdiella</i></i> (Sciaenidae: Perciformes) from the western South Atlantic, with insights into its diversity and biogeography

Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires; Molina, Eduardo Garcia; Caires, Rodrigo Antunes; Rotundo, Matheus Marcos; Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin; Oliveira, Claudio

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20180024

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Original article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 17 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180024 copy

Revision of Bairdiella (Sciaenidae: Perciformes) from the western South Atlantic, with insights into its diversity and biogeography

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The sciaenid genus Bairdiella comprises a group of relatively small fishes found in inshore waters and estuaries of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. Despite recent analyses of the phylogenetic relationships of Bairdiella, there has been no comprehensive revision of the alpha taxonomy of the species of the genus. Bairdiella ronchus from the western Atlantic, has a complex taxonomic history, with four junior synonyms recognized. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, this study indicates that B. ronchus represents a species complex. The species is therefore redescribed and its geographic range is redefined. Bairdiella veraecrucis, which is currently recognized as a junior synonym of B. ronchus, is revalidated, and a new species of the genus is described from the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Finally, inferences are made on the diversity and biogeography of the B. ronchus species complex.

Key words:
Biogeographic patterns; New species; Species complex; Taxonomy; Western Atlantic

Species	LBP	Tissue	Country	Genbank
B. chrysoura			US	JQ842394
B. chrysoura			US	JQ842397
B. chrysoura			US	KF929637
B. chrysoura			US	JQ841845
B. chrysoura			US	JQ842392
B. chrysoura			US	JQ842393
B. chrysoura			US	JQ842395
B. chrysoura			US	JQ842396
B. goeldi sp. nov.	19376	76171	BR	MG813777
B. goeldi sp. nov.	19376	76172	BR	MG813773
B. goeldi sp. nov.	19376	76173	BR	MG813775
B. goeldi sp. nov.	19376	76174	BR	MG813776
B. goeldi sp. nov.	22258	84204	BR	MG820456
B. goeldi sp. nov.	22204	84692	BR	MG820457
B. goeldi sp. nov.	10071	40530	BR	JQ365241
B. goeldi sp. nov.	10014	46914	BR	JQ365242
B. goeldi sp. nov.	10014	46915	BR	JQ365243
B. goeldi sp. nov.	10071	40524	BR	JX124740
B. goeldi sp. nov.			BR	KJ907229
B. goeldi sp. nov.			BR	KJ907230
B. goeldi sp. nov.			BR	KJ907231
B. goeldi sp. nov.			BR	KJ907232
B. ronchus	6436	29508	VE	MG813778
B. veraecrucis			MX	MG813774
C. macrops				KP722712
C. macrops				KP722711
C. sanctaeluciae	6435	29507	VE	MG813779
C. sanctaeluciae	6435	29505	VE	MG813780
C. sanctaeluciae	6435	29506	VE	MG813781
C. sanctaeluciae			MX	GU225153
O. dentex			TT	JQ842975
O. dentex			TT	JQ842974
O. dentex			BR	KJ907237
O. dentex			TT	JQ841302
O. dentex			TT	JQ841300
O. dentex			TT	JQ841298
O. dentex			TT	JQ841299
O. dentex			BR	KJ907236
O. dentex			BR	KJ907235

		B. goeldi			B. ronchus				B. veraecrucis
	type	N	Mean	Range	N	Mean	Range	type	N	Mean	Range
Standard length (mm)	190.0			90-198	24		79-241	201	11		125-236
Head length	30.6	60	28.9	27.6-34.0	24	28.9	25.4-32.5	23.9	10	25.0	23.7-27.8
Head depth	25.2	60	29.0	22.1-34.2	24	28.4	25.4-30.0	23.9	11	25.4	23.7-30.0
Pos-orbital length	17.5	58	18.0	16.8-19.1	24	18.5	16.8-19.4	16.8	11	17.6	16.8-19.0
Orbital diameter	9.0	53	9.1	8.1-10.3	22	6.8	5.2-8.1	5.7	11	6.5	5.7-7.7
Interorbital distance	7.3	56	7.0	6.5-7.7	2	7.2	6.8-7.5
Snoutlength	6.1	53	6.4	5.3-7.4	22	6.8	4.9-8.9	5.3	11	7.4	5.3-8.6
Mouthwidth	10.1	53	10.0	8.7-11.5	21	10.7	8.4-13.6	11.9	11	10.0	8.4-12.1
Maxillary length	32.0	54	32.6	30.3-36.4	2	32.9	32.4-33.3
Maxillary height	12.1	53	12.6	11.9-13.4	2	13.3	12.9-13.7
Body depth	30.8	60	32.7	28.9-35.9	24	31.2	29.2-33.9	29.9	11	28.4	25.8-31.8
Bodywidth	16.4	58	17.0	14.2-20.0	24	17.7	13.8-21.5	19.4	11	16.0	13.8-19.4
Distance from snout to dorsal fin	32.9	54	31.6	27.4-35.2	2	32.2	30.7-34.2	35.4	11	36.0	34.2-37.5
Dorsal-fin length	14.7	60	15.8	13.9-17.7	24	15.5	11.1-18.4	16.0	10	18.2	16.7-20.0
Dorsal-fin base length	55.0	56	56.1	52.1-60.3	24	54.4	50.7-57.3	53.9	11	53.4	48.7-56.5
Distance from snout to pectoral fin	28.7	58	29.7	25.5-33.8	24	31.1	27.9-34.5	29.6	11	30.2	28.4-31.6
Pectoral fin length	22.5	55	22.3	19.5-24.3	20	20.4	17.6-23.1	22.7	11	20.7	19.1-20.8
Distance from snout to anal fin	73.2	58	72.4	68.0-75.5	24	73.3	68.7-76.7	76.8	10	71.1	66.4-74.9
Anal-fin length	20.8	57	21.2	18.2-24.2	22	20.9	18.6-23.7	21.1	11	22.2	19.6-23.8
Anal-fin base length	12.0	60	11.7	10.1-13.4	21	11.3	10.0-12.8	10.9	11	10.4	9.1-11.5
Caudal-peduncle height	10.8	56	11.0	9.6-12.2	24	11.1	10.4-11.9	10.4	11	9.9	8.7-10.8
Caudal-peduncle length	17.1	57	19.1	16.2-21.4	23	20.2	18.2-22.2	19.0	10	20.9	20.0-21.9

	A	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55
B. goeldi sp. nov.		2	4	9	15	7	8	5	6
B. ronchus			3	12	5	2	2
B. veraecrucis			2	5	3	2

	B	8	9	10	C	9	10	11	12
B. goeldi		21	42	11		25	28	14	3
B. ronchus		11	12	1		3	13	8
B. veraecrucis		6	6				7	5

	D	21	22	23	24	E	15	16	17	18
B. goeldi		9	29	24	8		2	27	33	10
B. ronchus			3	11	10			9	13	2
B. veraecrucis			1	6	5			4	7	1

	F	8	9	10	G	21	22	23	24	25	26
B. goeldi		23	9	1			9	16	21	16	7
B. ronchus		22					11	9	3	1	1
B. veraecrucis		12				1	3	6	2

	1	2	3	4	5	5	7
1 Bairdiella chrysoura	0.001±0.001
2 Bairdiella goeldi sp. nov.	0.180±0.018	0.005±0.002
3 Bairdiella ronchus	0.183±0.019	0.018±0.005	n/c
4 Bairdiella veraecrucis	0.185±0.019	0.039±0.008	0.0300.007	n/c
5 Corvula macrops	0.165±0.017	0.164±0.017	0.1620.017	0.171±0.019	0.005±0.003
6 Corvula sanctaeluciae	0.177±0.018	0.191±0.020	0.1830.020	0.194±0.021	0.140±0.016	0.004±0.002
7 Odontoscion dentex	0.180±0.018	0.178±0.018	0.1740.018	0.179±0.019	0.150±0.017	0.180±0.019	0.002±0.001

	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	2	2	3	3	3	4	4	5	6	6	7	7	8	8	9	1	1	1	2	2	2	3	4	4	5	5	6	7	7	7	8	9
	0	3	6	9	5	8	1	4	7	0	4	9	2	5	4	0	3	5	8	1	7	6	4	5	7	0	3	9	2	1	7	0	6	8	1	4	7	6	5
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76174	C	C	C	C	T	G	A	T	G	C	T	T	T	G	G	C	T	A	T	C	T	T	T	G	T	G	C	A	T	G	T	C	A	A	C	G	C	A	T
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76171	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76172	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76173	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil KJ907230	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Paraíba Brazil 84692	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Sergipe Brazil 84204	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil JX124740	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil JQ365241	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil KJ907232	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil KJ907231	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C
Bairdiella rochus Venezuela 29508	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	C
Bairdiella veraecrucis Mexico	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	C
Bairdiella chrysoura Mexico GU225148	.	A	G	T	C	A	T	C	A	T	G	C	C	A	A	T	C	G	A	T	C	.	C	A	C	A	T	C	C	A	A	T	G	C	T	A	A	G	.

	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5
	7	7	8	8	9	1	1	1	2	2	2	3	4	4	4	5	5	6	6	6	7	7	6	6	6	7	9	0	0	0	0	1	2	3	3	4	4	4	4
	6	9	2	8	1	3	6	9	2	8	9	4	3	6	9	5	8	1	4	7	0	3	3	6	9	2	7	0	3	6	9	8	4	3	9	2	8	4	5
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76174	G	C	A	A	G	C	T	C	C	T	T	T	T	A	T	G	T	G	G	G	C	G	C	C	C	C	T	T	C	G	A	A	C	A	C	C	C	C	C
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76171	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76172	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76173	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil KJ907230	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Paraíba Brazil 84692	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Sergipe Brazil 84204	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil JX124740	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil JQ365241	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil KJ907232	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil KJ907231	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T
Bairdiella rochus Venezuela 29508	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	T	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	T
Bairdiella veraecrucis Mexico	.	.	.	C	A	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	G	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	A	T	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	G	.	.	.	.	.	.	T
Bairdiella chrysoura Mexico GU225148	A	A	C	C	A	T	C	T	T	G	C	C	C	.	A	.	A	T	C	A	A	C	T	A	A	T	C	G	T	T	.	G	T	G	T	T	T	T	.
	5	5	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6
	4	5	7	7	8	9	0	2	3	3	1	2	2	5	5	5	6	6	7	7	8	8	8	8	9	0	0	1	1	1	2	2
	7	0	3	5	1	3	8	0	2	5	9	2	8	3	6	9	2	3	4	7	0	3	4	6	2	1	2	0	3	9	2	8
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76174	A	C	C	A	A	T	T	C	A	C	C	A	A	C	A	T	C	C	T	T	C	A	T	G	G	C	T	T	A	C	A	A
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76171	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76172	.	.	.	G	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil 76173	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Para Brazil KJ907230	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Paraíba Brazil 84692	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi Sergipe Brazil 84204	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil JX124740	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil JQ365241	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil KJ907232	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella goeldi São Paulo Brazil KJ907231	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella rochus Venezuela 29508	.	.	.	.	G	C	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	G	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bairdiella veraecrucis Mexico	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	G	.	.	G	G	.	.	.	.	.	C	.	.	.	.	A	.	.	.	.	.	.	G	G
Bairdiella chrysoura Mexico GU225148	G	T	T	.	C	.	C	A	G	T	A	G	.	A	.	C	T	T	C	A	A	T	C	A	A	A	C	C	C	A	G	.

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
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[1] Edited by

Michael Mincarone