Fig. 1
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of lectotype,
NMW 78655, juvenile male, 208 mm DW, Guaporé River.
Fig. 2
Original illustration of NMW 78655 made by Johann Natterer after he
collected the specimen; observe the position of ocelli on the disc
compared to Fig. 1 (identical to specimen). Modified from TeixeiraTeixeira, D. M. & N. Papavero. 1999. A iconografia zoológica de
Johann Natterer (1817 - 1836). Pp. 69-75. In: C. Ferrão & J. P. M. Soares
(Eds.). Johann Natterer e a missão austríaca para o Brasil. Editora Index,
Petrópolis. et al. (1999).
Fig. 3
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paralectotype, ZMB 4662, juvenile female, 183 mm DW, Cuiabá
River.
Fig. 4
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of an adult
male specimen, MZUSP 111906, 310 mm DW, from the Mutum River.
Fig. 5
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of an adult
female specimen, MZUSP 110924, 479 mm DW, from the Padre Inácio
River.
Fig. 6
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of an adult
male specimen, NUP 4136, 275 mm DW, from the Cuiabá River.
Fig. 7
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of an adult
female specimen, MFA 231, 298 mm DW, designated as holotype of
Potamotrygon labradori by Castex et al. (1963), from the Colastiné
River. Dorsal (c) and ventral (d) views of MFA 231 from photographs
found in the archives of M. Castex, in the MFA, Santa Fé.
Fig. 8
Potamotrygon motoro. Jaws of adult specimens showing dimorphic sexual
morphology. Left (a) an adult female, MZUSP 110902, 362 mm DW, and right
(b) an adult male, NUP 4136. Note the morphological differences between
the teeth of both specimens and between the rows in the same
specimen.
Fig. 9
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal view of right clasper of an adult male,
NUP 4136. Abbreviations: ap, apopyle; cg, clasper groove; dp, dorsal
pseudosiphon; hp, hypopyle; vp, ventral pseudosiphon.
Fig. 10
Potamotrygon motoro. Detail of dorsal coloration: (a) tricolored
ocelli in NUP 2106, adult female, 405 mm DW, (b) bicolored ocelli around
eyes of NUP 2106, (c) tetracolored ocelli founded in NUP 4136.
Fig. 11
Potamotrygon motoro. Details of dermal denticles in an adult female,
MZUSP 110902. Morphology and concentration of dermal denticles on dorsal
disc in (a) and (b), a typical star-shaped denticle in (c) showing the
crown with its central plate and dichotomous ridges, and in (d)
trichotomous denticles present in spiracular openings.
Fig. 12
Potamotrygon motoro. (a) dorsal view of tail showing entire dorsal
row of pointed spines and the well-developed lateral rows in an adult
female, MZUSP 110887, 396 mm DW; (b) showing the single row and format
of enlarged pointed- spines in an adult male, NUP 4136; (c) detail of
some enlarged pointed-spines of dorsal row in adult female (MZUSP
110887).
Fig. 13
Potamotrygon motoro. Ventral canals of lateral line system in an
adult female, MZUSP 111908, 343 mm DW. Abbreviations: hyc, hyomandibular
canal; ioc, infraorbital canal; mnc, mandibular canal; nas, nasal canal;
suc, supraorbital canal; ach, angular component of hyomandibular canal;
iol, infraorbital loop; jch, jugular component of hyomandibular canal;
nil, nasointernal loop; onc, orbitonasal component of supraorbital
canal; pnc, prenasal component of nasal canal; pnl, prenasal loop; pst,
posterior subpleural tubule; sbr, subrostral component of supraorbital
canal; sol, suborbital loop; spc, subpleural component of hyomandibular
canal; spl, subpleural loop; spt, subpleural tubules; sub, suborbital
component of infraorbital canal.
Fig. 14
Potamotrygon motoro. Neurocranium of an adult male specimen, MZUSP
111905, 310 mm DW, in (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral and (d)
posterior views. Abbreviations: ACVF, anterior cerebral vein foramen;
AFP I and II, anterior foramen of preorbital canal I and II; AOC,
antorbital cartilage condyle; AS, articular surface; ELF, endolymphatic
foramen; EPB, epiphysial bar; ESAF, efferent spiracular artery foramen;
FPF, frontoparietal fontanelle; FM, foramen magnum; HF, hyomandibular
facet; ICAF, internal carotid artery foramen; NA, nasal aperture; NC,
nasal capsule; OC, occipital condyle; OF, orbital fissure; PCF,
precerebral fontanelle; PFP I and II, posterior foramen of preorbital
canal I and II; PFL, perilymphatic foramen; POP, postorbital process;
PRP, preorbital process; SOC, supraorbital crest; SP, supraorbital
process; II, optic nerve foramen; IV, trochlear nerve foramen; VII,
facial nerve foramen; X, vagus nerve foramen.
Fig. 15
Potamotrygon motoro. Cleared-and-stained neurocranium of a juvenile
male specimen (MZUSP 111909, 188 mm DW) in lateral (a) view, showing
details of foramina and their locations. Detail of foramina in orbital
region (b) and of epiphysial bar in dorsal fontanelle (c).
Abbreviations: ACVF, anterior cerebral vein foramen; EPB, epiphysial
bar; ES, eye-stalk; ESAF, efferent spiracular artery foramen; FPF,
frontoparietal fontanelle; HF, hyomandibular facet; ICAF, internal
carotid artery foramen; IVF, interorbital vein foramen; LC, lateral
comissure; OF, orbital fissure; PCF, precerebral fontanelle; PCVF,
posterior cerebral vein foramen; II, optic nerve foramen; III,
oculomotor nerve foramen; IV, trochlear nerve foramen; VII, facial nerve
foramen; IX, glossopharyngeal nerve foramen.
Fig. 16
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal and ventral views of neurocranium and
mandibular arch of specimen MZUSP 110908 showing mandibular arch
structures. Abbreviations: AAC, anterior angular cartilage; CL,
calcified ligament; DLP, dorsolateral process; HYO, hyomandibula; MC,
Meckel's cartilage; PAC, posterior angular cartilage; PQ,
palatoquadrate.
Fig. 17
Potamotrygon motoro. Anatomical details from radiographs of lectotype
NMW 78655 (a) and paralectotype ZMB 4662 (b). Abbreviations: AAC,
anterior angular cartilage; PAC, posterior angular cartilage.
Fig. 18
Potamotrygon motoro. (a) dorsal and lateral views of synarcual
cartilage, (b) lateral view of scapulocoracoid, and (c) dorsal view of
pelvic girdle of an adult male specimen (MZUSP 111905). Abbreviations:
ADF, anterodorsal fenestra; ARS, articular synarcual surface; AVF,
anteroventral fenestra; IP, iliac process; ISP, isquial process; LPP,
lateral prepelvic process; LS, lateral stay; MPP, median prepelvic
process; MSC, mesocondyle; MTC, metacondyle; OP, odontoid process; PC,
procondyle; PDF, postdorsal fenestra; PVF, postventral fenestra; SNC,
spinal nerve canal; SNF, spinal nerve foramen.
Fig. 19
Potamotrygon motoro. Dorsal and ventral views of clasper skeletal
structures, MZUSP 111905. Abbreviations: AT, accessory terminal; AX,
axial cartilage; BE, ?cartilage; B1, basal segment 1; B2, basal segment
2; DM, dorsal marginal cartilage; DT2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; VM,
ventral marginal cartilage; VT, ventral terminal cartilage.
Fig. 20
Distribution of Potamotrygon motoro in the Paraná-Paraguay system.
Yellow circles show localities where specimens of P. motoro were
examined in this study. Yellow star indicates Guaporé River, the type
locality of P. motoro.
Fig. 21
An original photograph (a) found in Castex's archives of the first
male specimen of P. pauckei published in Castex 1963a (a specimen of P.
amandae, sp. nov.); (b) MFA 232 a P. motoro specimen designated by
Castex (1964) as lectotype of P. pauckei (this specimen was also
analyzed by RosaRosa, R. S. 1985. A systematic revision of the South Amreican
freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae). Unpublished Ph.D.
Dissertation, The College of William and Mary, Virginia., 1985); (c)
stuffed P. motoro specimen MFA 246, adult female, 495 mm DW. Specimen
MFA 246 is still identified and exposed as P. pauckei in the Florentino
Ameghino museum in Santa Fé, Argentina.
Fig. 22
Detail of dermal denticles in the central dorsal disc region of of
MFA 232, a specimen of Potamotrygon motoro designated by Castex (1964)
as lectotype of P. pauckei.
Fig. 23
Potamotrgon pantanensis, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views
of holotype, MZUSP 110890, adult female, 323 mm DW, Cuiabá
River.
Fig. 24
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views
of paratype, MZUSP 110888, adult female, 336 mm DW, from Cuiabá
River.
Fig. 25
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views
of paratype, MZUSP 110889, adult female, 325 mm DW, from Cuiabá
River.
Fig. 26
Potamotrygon pantanesis, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views
of paratype, MZUSP 110891, adult male, 268 mm DW, from Cuiabá
River.
Fig. 27
Potamotrgon pantanensis, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views
of paratype, MZUSP 110901, adult female, 306 mm DW, from Cuiabá
River.
Fig. 28
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views
of paratype, NUP 4179, subadult male, 215 mm DW, from Manso
River.
Fig. 29
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Upper and lower jaws of an adult
female paratype specimen, MZUSP 110892, 300 mm DW.
Fig. 30
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Dorsal view of right clasper of
an adult male, MZUSP 110891. Abbreviations: ap, apopyle; cg, clasper
groove; dp, dorsal pseudosiphon; hp, hypopyle; vp, ventral
pseudosiphon.
Fig. 31
Patterns of ocelli and spots in Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp.:
(a) MZUSP 110901, (b) MZUSP 110889 and (c) MZUSP 110874, adult
female, 297 mm DW.
Fig. 32
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Detail of dermal denticles in a
non-type adult female specimen, MZUSP 110895, 328 mm DW, showing two
types of denticles present on dorsal disc.
Fig. 33
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. MZUSP 110895: (a) Dorsal view of
tail showing the entire dorsal row of enlarged pointed-spines, (b)
showing the double rows and shape of pointed-spines, and (c) detail
of some pointed-spines of dorsal rows.
Fig. 34
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Ventral canals of lateral line
system in an adult female non-type specimen, MZUSP 110899, 289 mm
DW. Abbreviatons: hyc, hyomandibular canal; ioc, infraorbital canal;
mnc, mandibular canal; nas, nasal canal; suc, supraorbital canal;
ach, angular component of hyomandibular canal; iol, infraorbital
loop; jch, jugular component of hyomandibular canal; nil,
nasointernal loop; onc, orbitonasal component of supraorbital canal;
pnc, prenasal component of nasal canal; pnl, prenasal loop; pst,
posterior subpleural tubule; sbr, subrostral component of
supraorbital canal; sol, suborbital loop; spc, subpleural component
of hyomandibular canal; spl, subpleural loop; spt, subpleural
tubules; sub, suborbital component of infraorbital canal.
Fig. 35
Potamotrygon pantanensi, n. sp. Dorsal and ventral views of
neurocranium and mandibular arch of an adult female, MZUSP 110895.
Abbreviations: AAC, anterior angular cartilage; CL, calcified
ligament; DLP, dorsolateral process; EPB, epiphysial bar; FPF,
frontoparietal fontanelle; HYO, hyomandibula; MC, Meckel's
cartilage; PAC, posterior angular cartilage; PCF, precerebral
fontanelle; POP, postorbital process; PQ, palatoquadrate PRP,
preorbital process; SP, supraorbital process.
Fig. 36
Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. Anatomical details from
radiograph of holotype, MZUSP 110890. Abbreviations: AAC, anterior
angular cartilage; PAC, posterior angular cartilage.
Fig. 37
Distribution of Potamotrygon pantanensis, n. sp. in the
Paraná-Paraguay system. Blue circles show localities where specimens
of P. pantanensis were obtained for this study. Blue star indicates
Cuiabá River, type locality of P. pantanesis.
Fig. 38
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
holotype, MZUSP 110910, adult female, 341 mm DW, Paraguay River.
Fig. 39
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paratype, MZUSP 110904, adult male, 312 mm DW, from Paraná
River.
Fig. 40
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paratype, MZUSP 110906, adult female, 294 mm DW, from Paraguay
River.
Fig. 41
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paratype, MZUSP 110907, adult female, 270 mm DW, from Paraguay
River.
Fig. 42
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paratype, MZUSP 111916, adult male, 259 mm DW, from Paraná
River.
Fig. 43
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paratype, MZUSP 111919, adult female, 236 mm DW, from Paraná
River.
Fig. 44
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of
paratype, MZUSP 111917, immature male, 218 mm DW, from Paraná
River.
Fig. 45
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Upper and lower jaws of a non-type adult
female specimen, MZUSP 110916, 275 mm DW.
Fig. 46
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal view of right clasper of an adult
male, MZUSP 111148, adult male, 280 mm DW. Abbreviations: ap, apopyle;
cg, clasper groove; dp, dorsal pseudosiphon; hp, hypopyle; vp, ventral
pseudosiphon.
Fig. 47
Patterns of ocelli and spots in specimens of P. amandae, n. sp.: (a)
holotype MZUSP 110910, (b) MZUSP 110904 and (c) MZUSP 110906.
Fig. 48
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Detail of dermal denticles present in a
non-type juvenile male specimen, MZUSP 111150, 215 mm DW, showing the
two morphological types of denticles, with star-shaped and pointed
crowns.
Fig. 49
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. MZUSP 111148: (a) Dorsal view of tail
showing the entire dorsal rows of enlarged pointed spines, (b) showing
the rows and format of pointed spines, and (c) detail of some pointed
spines of dorsal rows.
Fig. 50
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Ventral canals of lateral line system in
a non-type adult female specimen, MZUSP 111140, 254 mm DW.
Abbreviations: hyc, hyomandibular canal; ioc, infraorbital canal; mnc,
mandibular canal; nas, nasal canal; suc, supraorbital canal; ach,
angular component of hyomandibular canal; iol, infraorbital loop; jch,
jugular component of hyomandibular canal; nil, nasointernal loop; onc,
orbitonasal component of supraorbital canal; pnc, prenasal component of
nasal canal; pnl, prenasal loop; pst, posterior subpleural tubule; sbr,
subrostral component of supraorbital canal; sol, suborbital loop; spc,
subpleural component of hyomandibular canal; spl, subpleural loop; spt,
subpleural tubules; sub, suborbital component of infraorbital
canal.
Fig. 51
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Dorsal and ventral views of neurocranium
and mandibular arch (in ventral view) of a non-type adult male specimen,
MZUSP 111148, 280 mm DW. Abbreviations: AAC, anterior angular cartilage;
CL, calcified ligament; DLP, dorsolateral process; EPB, epiphysial bar;
FPF, frontoparietal fontanelle; HYO, hyomandibula; MC, Meckel's
cartilage; PAC, posterior angular cartilage; PCF, precerebral
fontanelle; POP, postorbital process; PQ, palatoquadrate PRP, preorbital
process; SP, supraorbital process.
Fig. 52
Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. Anatomical details from radiograph of
holotype, MZUSP 110910. Abbreviations: AAC, anterior angular cartilage;
PAC, posterior angular cartilage.
Fig. 53
Distribution of Potamotrygon amandae, n. sp. in the
Paraná-Paraguay system. Red circles show localities where specimens
of P. amandae were obtained for this study. Red star indicates
Paraguay River, type locality of P. amandae.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
