Ecological review of the Syllidae (Annelida) associated with sponges (Porifera), including the description of a new species from northeastern Brazil

Lira, Anny Laura de Oliveira; Craveiro, Nykon; Paresque, Karla; Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi; Rosa Filho, José Souto

doi:10.1590/2675-2824072.23117

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Ocean and Coastal Research

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Ocean Coast. Res. 72 (Suppl 1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824072.23117 copy

Ecological review of the Syllidae (Annelida) associated with sponges (Porifera), including the description of a new species from northeastern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study reviews the data published on the ecology of polychaete annelids of the family Syllidae associated with sponges (Porifera) and provides additional empirical data from samples collected at Paiva Beach (northeastern Brazil). This literature review collected data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, together with additional sources of information, to provide the best possible overview of the available data on the ecological relationships between these organisms. This review identified a total of 76 papers reporting on 68 associations between syllids and sponges, which involved 61 syllid species inhabiting 57 different sponge taxa. Although few studies have provided detailed data on the auto-ecology of the syllids associated with sponges, some information is available on their reproductive patterns, feeding habits, and role in the association. In this study, seven syllid genera were recorded inhabiting sponges of the genus Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae) at Paiva Beach in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, where a predominance of syllids of the genus Branchiosyllis was recorded. The syllids were found either on the outer surface of the sponges or in their inner channels, and most specimens were females, some of which presented stolons, indicating that they were using the sponges as a reproductive substrate. A new species of the genus Branchiosyllis is described based on our collected data. Branchiosyllis lanai sp. nov. can be identified by its relatively enlarged anterior region, cirriphore with a collar, and branchiae varying between domed and multilobed. The new species is compared with its morphologically most similar congeners. A synoptic table of the morphological variation found among the individuals of the type series is also provided, as well as an updated key to the identification of the Branchiosyllis species found on the Brazilian coast.

Keywords:
Host; Poriferan; Syllid; New species

B. lanai sp.nov.
	MOUFPE-POL0001	MOUFPE-POL0002	MOUFPE-POL0003	MOUFPE- POL0004	MZUSP5444	MZUSP5445
Collection data	February 2020	Janeiro 2020	February 2020	February 2020	February 2020	February 2020
Type series	Holotype	Paratype 2	Paratype 2	Paratype 3	Paratype 4	Paratype 5
Number of chaetigers / Total length x width at proventricle (mm)	46+8 (stolon)/0.39	56+5 (stolon)/0.41	68/0.39	50+11 (stolon)/0.41	75/0.42	52/0.40
Length of pharynx (chaetigers)	6	6	4	5	6	4
Length of proventricle (chaetigers) / number of muscle cell rows	7/24	6/24	6/23	7/-	7/24	5/24
Number of articles
Median antenna	13	-	-	10	12	10
Lateral antennae	13;13	-	-;13	-;9	10;10	-;12
Dorsal peristomial cirri	20;19	-	-; 30	19; -	15;21	20;10(broken)
Ventral peristomial cirri	10; 10	-	-;11	11; -	-	-; 10
Dorsal cirri 1	20;17	-	19;22	20; -	13;20	12;8
Dorsal cirri 2	14;0	-	18; 20	15; -	20;28	14;15
Dorsal cirri 3	24; 20	-	-,26	27; -	-;35	18;15
Dorsal cirri 4	24; 20	0;3	18;21	17; -	-	12;16
Dorsal cirri 5	23;16	0;24	17;17	16; -	-	14;12
Long cirri, midbody	11;20;0;23;16,-	28;0;0;0;0;0	14;17;17;17;-;-	-;-	25;22;23;25;24;0	12;11;11;11;10;10
Short cirri, midbody	19;15;17;15;14;16	-	13;17;15;14;16;15	16;19;22;22;18;14	22;20;30;28;28;27	9;5;7;10;8;10
Anal cirri	-	-	11	12	8	10
Number of ungulae per parapodium
Anterior body	4-5	4	4-5	4	4-5	4-5
Midbody	4-5	4	4-5	4-5	4-5	4-5
Posterior body	3	4	4	3	4	4
Number of aciculae per parapodium	2/1/1	2/1/1	2/1/1	2/1/1	2/1/1	2/1/1

	B. belchiori	B. diazi	B. exilis	B. gonzaguinhai	B. oculata	B. tamandarensis	B.lanai sp.nov.
Original description	Nascimento, Fukuda & (Paiva, 2019Fukuda, M. V., Menezes-Moura, A. R., Guimarães, C. R. P., & Ruta, C. 2019. A new species of Exogone Ørsted, 1845 (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) from Brazilian waters. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 59, e20195947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.47 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... )	Rioja, 1958	Gravier, 1900	Nascimento, Fukuda & Paiva, 2019Fukuda, M. V., Menezes-Moura, A. R., Guimarães, C. R. P., & Ruta, C. 2019. A new species of Exogone Ørsted, 1845 (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) from Brazilian waters. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 59, e20195947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.47 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606...	Ehlers, 1887Ehlers, E. 1887. Report on the annelids of the dredging expedition of the U. S. coast survey steamer Blake. In: Ehlers, E. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zool̈ogy at Harvard College (vol. 15, pp. 1-335). Cambridge: Museum of Comparative Zoology.	Paresque, Fukuda Nogueira 2016Paresque, K., Fukuda, M. V. & Nogueira, J. M. M. 2016 Branchiosyllis, Haplosyllis, Opisthosyllis and Trypanosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species. PLoS ONE , 11(5): e0153442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0153442 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371%...	This paper
Reference	Nascimento et al 2019Nascimento, R. L., Fukuda, M. V. & Paiva, P. C. 2019. Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa , 4568(2), 307-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646...	Alvares et al 2012	San Martín et al 2008aSan Martín, G., Hutchings, P. & Aguado, M. T. 2008a. Syllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia. Part 1. Genera Branchiosyllis, Eurysyllis, Karroonsyllis, Parasphaerosyllis, Plakosyllis, Rhopalosyllis, Tetrapalpia n.gen., and Xenosyllis. Records of the Australian Museum 60(2), 119-160. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1494 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.385...	Nascimento et al 2019Nascimento, R. L., Fukuda, M. V. & Paiva, P. C. 2019. Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa , 4568(2), 307-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646...	San Martín et al 2008aSan Martín, G., Hutchings, P. & Aguado, M. T. 2008a. Syllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia. Part 1. Genera Branchiosyllis, Eurysyllis, Karroonsyllis, Parasphaerosyllis, Plakosyllis, Rhopalosyllis, Tetrapalpia n.gen., and Xenosyllis. Records of the Australian Museum 60(2), 119-160. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1494 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.385...	Paresque et al 2016Paresque, K., Fukuda, M. V. & Nogueira, J. M. M. 2016 Branchiosyllis, Haplosyllis, Opisthosyllis and Trypanosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species. PLoS ONE , 11(5): e0153442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0153442 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371%...	This paper
Body	Subcylindrical	Flattened	Cylindrical	Flattened	Flattened	Flattened	Flattened
Eye spots	-	-	Absent	-	-	Absent	Absent
Branchiae	Present	Present	Absent	Present	Present	Present	Present
Falcigers	Absent	Present	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Ungulae	All parapodia	Posterior parapodia	Posterior parapodia	All parapodia	All parapodia	All parapodia	All parapodia
Pharynx length (segments)	3-5	7-8	5-6	5	6	5	4-6
Proventricle length (segments)	3	7-8	7-8	4	8	3.5-5	5-7
Number of muscle cell rows in proventricle	24-27	-	27-30	24	22	25-30	23/24
Habitat	Associated with the sponge Haliclona caerulea	Intertidal, among algae and in sand	Shallow waters,algae, gorgonians and coral rubble	Sponges	Intertidal, sand, algae, coral Rubble, sponge	Associated sponges	associated Cinachyrella apion
Distribution	Brazil (Todos os Santos Bay, Fernando de Noronha Island)	Gulf of México (VerdeIsland, Veracruz), and Brazil (Recife)	Circumtropical, warmer areas of the Mediterranean Sea, Australia (North and central Western Australia ,South Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory)	Brazil (Fernando de Noronha Island and Rocas Atoll)	Gulf of México and Caribbean Sea (Florida, Cuba, México, Venezuela)	Brazil (Paraíba and Pernambuco)	Brazil (Pernambuco)

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[1] *Corresponding author: annylauralira@gmail.com