Sowing time and substrate in the production of ipê-mirim seedlings

Ferraz, Marcos Vieira; Souza, Antonio Maricélio Borges de; Costa, Carla Rafaele Xavier; Muniz, Ana Carolina Corrêa; Loureiro, Eduardo Akira Suzuki de Andrade; Pivetta, Kathia Fernandes Lopes

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v28i4.2473

Brasil

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Scientific Article • Ornam. Hortic. 28 (4) • Oct-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v28i4.2473 linkcopy

Sowing time and substrate in the production of ipê-mirim seedlings

Época de semeadura e substrato na produção de mudas de ipê-mirim

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Tecoma stans is popularly known as ipê-mirim in Brazil. This species belongs to the Bignoniaceae family and it is native to Americas and Antilles, where it is widely used in landscaping as urban tree. The seedlings are produced from seeds and there are several factors that influences its development, such as the sowing time and the substrate. This work aimed to understand the effect of the sowing time and substrates on the production of Tecoma stans seedlings. The experiments were carried out in a nursery. The experimental design was completely randomized. The substrates were arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two sowing times (autumn and spring) and six commercial substrates (SC1; SC2; SC3; SC4; sand and vermiculite) under four replicates and ten seedlings per plot. The means were compared to each other using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the seasons of the year, showing that the percentage of emergence was higher in spring (89%). The seedlings of Tecoma stans were shown to be nutrient-dependent both in the emergence of the seedling and in the subsequent development of the seedlings, since the highest averages of the studied characteristics were obtained in the commercial substrates, as they have nutrients in their composition, with greater emphasis on SC1.

Keywords: ornamental plant; seedling production; Tecoma stans; urban afforestation

Chemical and physical properties	SC1	SC2	SC3	SC4
pH (H₂O)	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5
CE (mS cm^-1)	0.7	0.7	1.0	0.4
Umidity (%)	60.0	50.0	55.0	58.0
Dry density (kg m^-3)	130.0	657.5	170.0	310.0
WRC (% v/v)	85.0	60.4	69.0	52.4
N (g Kg^-1)	5.6	4.2	4.7	4.3
P (g Kg^-1)	1.2	0.0021	2.5	2.3
K (g Kg^-1)	11.1	0.0965	3.0	1.1
Ca (g Kg^-1)	11.0	0.0369	8.5	11.4
Mg (g Kg^-1)	44.3	0.0140	7.9	3.2
S (g Kg^-1)	1.5	0.0479	1.4	0.6
B (mg Kg^-1)	30.6	0.1293	36.4	36.1
Cu (mg Kg^-1)	19.6	0.0274	15.4	37.2
Fe (g Kg^-1)	17.6	0.0039	16.3	21.5
Mn (mg Kg^-1)	222.6	0.8487	259.1	315.0
Zn (mg Kg^-1)	35.7	0.0867	56.7	111.7

Season
Autumn			Spring
81.7 b			89.2 a
Substrates
SC1	SC2	SC3		SC4	Sand	Vermiculite
92.5 a	92.5 a	88.8 ab		83.8 abc	75.0 c	80.0 bc

	SC1	SC2	SC3		SC4			Sand		Vermiculite
Lenght of aerial part (cm)
O	6.13 A a	3.33 B b		5.57 A a			2.42 B c		1.50 B d	1.97 B cd
P	5.99 A a	3.90 A b		5.40 A a			3.10 A c		3.14 A c	2.55 A c
Stem diameter (mm)
O	2.07 A a	1.42 A bc	1.68 A b		1.03 A de			0.82 B e		1.13 A cd
P	0.97 B a	1.16 B a	1.15 B a		1.09 A a			1.05 A a		0.88 B a
Number of leaves
O	6.05 A a	4.05 A b	6.50 A a		4.20 A b			2.45 B c		2.50 A c
P	5.67 A a	4.83 A ab	6.00 A a		3.42 A bc			3.84 A bc		2.67 A c
Leaf area (cm²)
O	10.59 B a	2.75 A b	11.60 A a		2.17 A b			0.65 A b		0.77 A b
P	13.53 A a	4.43 A bc	7.15 B b		2.10 A c			2.87 A c		1.52 A c
Dry mass of aerial part (g)
O	0.103 A a	0.036 B c	0.068 A b		0.019 B c			0.013 B c		0.017 B c
P	0.077 B a	0.057 A abc	0.070 A ab			0.037 A c		0.049 A bc		0.035 A c
Root dry mass (g)
O	0.094 A a	0.035 A bc	0.051 A b		0.022 A c			0.014 B c		0.017 A c
P	0.063 B a	0.041 A ab	0.034 B b		0.030 A b			0.045 A ab		0.025 A b
Total dry mass (g)
O	0.197 A a	0.071 B c	0.121 A b		0.041 B cd			0.027 B d		0.034 B d
P	0.140 B a	0.098 A bc	0.104 A b		0.068 A cd			0.094 A bcd		0.060 A d

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[TFN1] Extraction method: pH and electrical conductivity (EC) 1:5: method described in IN 17 of 21/05/2007; Humidity at 65ºC: methods described in IN 17 of 05/21/2007 and IN 31 of October 23, 2008; Dry density: methods described in IN 17 of 21/05/2007 and IN 31 of 23 October 2008. Water Retention Capacity (CRA 10): tension table at 10 cm of water column (10kPa). Methods described in IN 17 of 05/21/2007 and IN 31 of October 23, 2008.