Effect of glutamine and arginine on growth of <i>Hibiscus moscheutos “ in vitro”</i>

Greenwell, Zhitong Li; Ruter, John M.

doi:10.14295/oh.v24i4.1198

Zhitong Li Greenwell

The University of Georgia, Department of Horticulture, Athens-GA, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-4844

John M. Ruter ^**Corresponding author: ruter@uga.edu

The University of Georgia, Department of Horticulture, Athens-GA, USA

Armitage Endowed Professor of Horticulture, Athens-GA, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-6760

*Corresponding author: ruter@uga.edu

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS

Z.L.G.: responsible for the implementation, conduct of the research, and writing of the article; J.M.R.: assisted with the preparation of the study, correction of the article, and final draft of the article for submission.

Figures (1)
Tables (5)

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Figure 1
Hibiscus moscheutos shoots were cultured in MS medium amended with 10 mg L-1 glutamine, 10 mg L-1 arginine or a combination of both. Shoot elongation was observed weekly for seven weeks. This chart showed the new shoot growth in last two weeks of the study.

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Table 1
Two-node shoots of Hibiscus moscheutos were cultured in MS basal medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.35 mg L-1 GA₃, 10 mg L-1 L-Glutamine or 0.22 mg L-1 TDZ. Overall shoot growth was measured after culturing for seven weeks. A Tukey's HSD test was performed at 95% significance level on the overall shoot elongation and foliage necrosis. Foliage necrosis was rated in a numbering system from 0 (no necrosis) to 3 (severe necrosis).

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Table 2
Two-node shoots of Hibiscus moscheutos were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 0-, 0.01-, 0.05-, 0.1-, or 0.5 g L-1 glutamine. Length of shoot growth (±Standard Deviation) was measured at seven weeks before the study was terminated. Dunnett's test was performed to look at the difference between each glutamine concentration and the control group.

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Table 3
Two-node shoots of Hibiscus moscheutos were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg L-1 glutamine, 50 mg L-1 glutamine, 2 mg L-1 GA₃ or 4 mg L-1 GA₃. Treatment groups wasa considered as categorical factors for a one-way ANOVA. Length of shoot elongation was measured (±Standard Deviation) after culturing for seven weeks. Rooting percentage of each treatment was analyzed in Tukey's HSD test.

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Table 4
Two-node shoots of Hibiscus moscheutos were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg L-1 glutamine, 10 mg L-1 arginine, 10 mg L-1 glutamine plus 10 mg L-1 arginine, or in plain MS media. Overall shoot elongation (±Standard Deviation) was measured after seven weeks. Rooting week was the number of weeks after the initial treatment when the first root was observed on individual tissue-cultured plants. No significant treatment effect was found from Tukey's HSD test, on either shoot growth or root initiation.

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Table 5
Two-node shoots of Hibiscus moscheutos were cultured in MS basal media supplemented with 10 mg L-1 glutamine, 10 mg L-1 arginine, 10 mg L-1 glutamine plus 10 mg L-1 arginine, or in plain MS media. The study was terminated after seven weeks. Shoot elongation within the seventh week (±Standard Deviation) was compared among treatments.

Treatment	Shoot Elongation (±SD) (cm)	Plant Necrosis * (±SD)
Control	9.5 (±3.4) bc	2.6 (±0.7) a
BAP	8.3 (±2.8) bc	1.7 (±0.5) bc
GA₃	12.0 (±4.1) ab	1.4 (±0.5) c
L-Glutamine	13.9 (±2.2) a	1.5 (±0.5) bc
TDZ	7.1 (±1.2) c	2.2 (±0.6) ab

Glutamine Concentration (g L^–1)	Shoot Elongation (±SD) (cm)
0	4.2 (±1.6)
0.01	5.8 (±2.8)
0.05	4.2 (±3.6)
0.1	4.7 (±4.7)
0.5	4.4 (±3.6)

Dunnett's Test	Significance
0 vs 0.01 g L^–1	^ - significant at p≤0.01, NS-not significant.
0 vs 0.05 g L^–1	NS
0 vs 0.1 g L^–1	NS
0 vs 0.5 g L^–1	NS

Treatment	Shoot Elongation (±SD) (cm)	Rooting Percentage (%)
Control	4.8 (±5.1)	50 (±52.7) b
Glutamine (10 mg L^–1)	5.0 (±3.9)	40 (±51.6) b
Glutamine (50 mg L^–1)	5.7 (±5.6)	90 (±31.6) a
GA₃ (2 mg L^–1)	1.3 (±0.9)	0 (±0) b
GA₃ (4 mg L^–1)	1.4 (±1.0)	0 (±0) b
Analysis of variance
Treatment	NS	^* * -significant at p≤0.05, NS-not significant.

Amino Acids	Shoot Elongation (±SD) (cm)	Rooting Week (±SD)
Control	11.2 (±3.7)	3.5 (±1.0)
Glutamine	11.8 (±6.1)	4.2 (±1.2)
Arginine	14.0 (±3.5)	4.0 (±0.7)
Glutamine & Arginine	14.9 (±3.1)	4.2 (±0.7)

Analysis of variance
Treatment	NS	NS

Amino Acids	Shoot Elongation (±SD) (cm)
Control	3.6 (±3.7) bc
Glutamine	2.7 (±6.1) c
Arginine	5.1 (±3.5) ab
Glutamine & Arginine	7.6 (±3.1) a

Analysis of variance
Treatment	^ - significant at p≤0.01

[1] *Corresponding author: ruter@uga.edu

Brasil

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Effect of glutamine and arginine on growth of Hibiscus moscheutos “ in vitro”

Efeito de glutamina e arginina no crescimento de Hibiscus moscheutos “in vitro”

ABSTRACT